Pain definitions and assessment
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Sinatra R. A stepwise approach to pain management. 2010, 66-72. DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511841378.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPain managementAvailable pain medicationsAdjuvant medicationsNeuraxial opioidsPain medicationPain reliefAdverse eventsOpioid analgesicsPain processingMuscle relaxantsPharmacologic principlesNMDA antagonistsLocal anestheticsAnalgesicsCommon dosesClinical settingClinical useParticular drugMedicationsStepwise approachCliniciansDrugsAnalgesiaContraindicationsOpioidsOpioids and opioid receptors
Sinatra R. Opioids and opioid receptors. 2010, 73-81. DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511841378.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPain managementAvailable pain medicationsAdjuvant medicationsNeuraxial opioidsPain medicationPain reliefAdverse eventsOpioid analgesicsPain processingMuscle relaxantsOpioid receptorsPharmacologic principlesNMDA antagonistsLocal anestheticsAnalgesicsCommon dosesClinical settingClinical useParticular drugOpioidsMedicationsCliniciansDrugsAnalgesiaContraindications