Calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulate genes of immune and inflammatory pathways in the human colon: a human crossover trial 1–3
Protiva P, Pendyala S, Nelson C, Augenlicht LH, Lipkin M, Holt PR. Calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulate genes of immune and inflammatory pathways in the human colon: a human crossover trial 1–3. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 2016, 103: 1224-1231. PMID: 27009752, PMCID: PMC4841933, DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.105304.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWestern-style dietCalcium supplementationInflammatory pathwaysImmune responseHuman colorectumAdequate vitamin D statusHigh dietary calcium intakeLower colorectal cancer riskClinical trial evidenceDietary calcium intakePrimary study endpointVitamin D statusColorectal cancer riskUrinary calcium concentrationD statusCalcium intakeUrinary calciumStudy endpointCrossover trialTrial evidenceBiopsy specimensColorectal mucosaTrial protocolColonic mucosaAdaptive immunity