2002
Population-based case-control investigation of risk factors for leptospirosis during an urban epidemic.
Sarkar U, Nascimento S, Barbosa R, Martins R, Nuevo H, Kalofonos I, Kalafanos I, Grunstein I, Flannery B, Dias J, Riley L, Reis M, Ko A. Population-based case-control investigation of risk factors for leptospirosis during an urban epidemic. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2002, 66: 605-10. PMID: 12201599, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.605.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk factorsUrban epidemicPopulation-based case-control studyPopulation-based case-control investigationIndependent risk factorLaboratory-confirmed casesHealthy neighbourhood controlsCase-control investigationCase-control studyCases of leptospirosisSevere leptospirosisWeil's syndromeWorkplace exposuresNeighborhood controlsHigh endemicityLeptospirosisFocused interventionsMore ratsSyndromeRatsEpidemicEnvironmental sourcesComplicationsFactorsMortality
2001
Referral pattern of leptospirosis cases during a large urban epidemic of dengue.
Flannery B, Pereira MM, Velloso L de F, Carvalho C de C, De Codes LG, Orrico G de S, Dourado CM, Riley LW, Reis MG, Ko AI. Referral pattern of leptospirosis cases during a large urban epidemic of dengue. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2001, 65: 657-63. PMID: 11716133, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.657.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfectious diseases reference hospitalFirst medical evaluationLarge urban epidemicDays of illnessInfectious Diseases HospitalIntensive care unitOnset of illnessCases of leptospirosisDiagnosis of dengueDiseases HospitalCare unitInitial diagnosisReference hospitalReferral patternsAmbulatory clinicsLeptospirosis epidemicMedical evaluationConcurrent epidemicsDengue diagnosisDiagnostic confusionUrban epidemicEarly symptomsHigh mortalityLeptospirosis casesLeptospirosisIdentification of New Repetitive Element inLeptospira interrogans Serovar Copenhageni and Its Application to PCR-Based Differentiation ofLeptospira Serogroups
Barocchi M, Ko A, Ferrer S, Faria M, Reis M, Riley L. Identification of New Repetitive Element inLeptospira interrogans Serovar Copenhageni and Its Application to PCR-Based Differentiation ofLeptospira Serogroups. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 2001, 39: 191-195. PMID: 11136769, PMCID: PMC87700, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.1.191-195.2001.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1999
Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil
Ko A, Reis M, Dourado C, Johnson W, Riley L, Group S. Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. The Lancet 1999, 354: 820-825. PMID: 10485724, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)80012-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDengue feverInfectious disease referral hospitalAggressive supportive careEpidemic of leptospirosisStrong independent predictorPositive blood culturesLarge urban outbreaksIdentification of leptospiresRenal insufficiencyRespiratory insufficiencySevere leptospirosisSupportive careIndependent predictorsReferral hospitalOutpatient clinicSevere anemiaSevere manifestationsActive surveillanceMental statusRisk factorsBlood culturesDiagnostic confusionUrban epidemicMicroagglutination testUrban outbreaks