2018
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Kyu H, Abate D, Abate K, Abay S, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulkader R, Abebe M, Abebe Z, Abil O, Aboyans V, Abrham A, Abu-Raddad L, Abu-Rmeileh N, Accrombessi M, Acharya D, Acharya P, Ackerman I, Adamu A, Adebayo O, Adekanmbi V, Ademi Z, Adetokunboh O, Adib M, Adsuar J, Afanvi K, Afarideh M, Afshin A, Agarwal G, Agesa K, Aggarwal R, Aghayan S, Agrawal A, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi M, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed M, Ahmed S, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aichour M, Akinyemiju T, Akseer N, Al-Aly Z, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Mekhlafi H, Al-Raddadi R, Alahdab F, Alam K, Alam T, Alashi A, Alavian S, Alene K, Alijanzadeh M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Aljunid S, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Alonso J, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Aminde L, Amini E, Amiresmaili M, Ammar W, Amoako Y, Anber N, Andrei C, Androudi S, Animut M, Anjomshoa M, Ansha M, Antonio C, Anwari P, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Arora A, Arora M, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asayesh H, Ataro Z, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Ayala Quintanilla B, Ayer R, Azzopardi P, Babazadeh A, Badali H, Balakrishnan K, Bali A, Banach M, Banoub J, Barac A, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barrero L, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Bedi N, Beghi E, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Bekele B, Bekru E, Belachew A, Belay Y, Bell M, Bello A, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Bernstein R, Beuran M, Beyranvand T, Bhala N, Bhatt S, Bhaumik S, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Biehl M, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bilano V, Bililign N, Bin Sayeed M, Bisanzio D, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Bobasa E, Bou-Orm I, Boufous S, Bourne R, Brady O, Brant L, Brayne C, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Briant P, Briko A, Britton G, Brugha T, Buchbinder R, Busse R, Butt Z, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Campuzano Rincon J, Cano J, Cárdenas R, Carrero J, Carter A, Carvalho F, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castillo Rivas J, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Cercy K, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chang J, Charlson F, Chattu V, Chiang P, Chitheer A, Choi J, Christensen H, Christopher D, Chung S, Cicuttini F, Cirillo M, Collado-Mateo D, Cooper C, Cortesi P, Cortinovis M, Cousin E, Criqui M, Cromwell E, Cross M, Crump J, Daba A, Dachew B, Dadi A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan P, Daryani A, Das Gupta R, Das Neves J, Dasa T, Davitoiu D, De La Hoz F, De Leo D, De Neve J, De Steur H, Degefa M, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Demoz G, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Des Jarlais D, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhimal M, Dinberu M, Dirac M, Djalalinia S, Doan L, Dokova K, Doku D, Dorsey E, Doyle K, Driscoll T, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken E, Duncan B, Duraes A, Ebrahimi H, Ebrahimpour S, Echko M, Edessa D, Edvardsson D, Effiong A, Eggen A, Ehrlich J, El Bcheraoui C, El-Khatib Z, Elyazar I, Enayati A, Endalifer M, Endries A, Er B, Erskine H, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Esteghamati S, Fakhim H, Faramarzi M, Fareed M, Farhadi F, Farid T, Farinha C, Farioli A, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fazaeli A, Feigin V, Fentahun N, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Fernandes J, Ferrari A, Ferreira M, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Foigt N, Foreman K, Frank T, Fukumoto T, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado J, Gakidou E, Gall S, Gallus S, Ganji M, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gardner W, Gebre A, Gebremedhin A, Gebremichael T, Gelano T, Geleijnse J, Genova-Maleras R, Geramo Y, Gething P, Gezae K, Ghadami M, Ghadiri K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ghimire M, Ghoshal A, Gill P, Gill T, Ginawi I, Giussani G, Gnedovskaya E, Goldberg E, Goli S, Gómez-Dantés H, Gona P, Gopalani S, Gorman T, Goulart A, Goulart B, Grada A, Grosso G, Gugnani H, Guillemin F, Guo Y, Gupta P, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gutiérrez R, Gyawali B, Haagsma J, Hachinski V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haghparast Bidgoli H, Hagos T, Hailegiyorgis T, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Handal A, Hankey G, Hao Y, Harb H, Harikrishnan S, Haririan H, Haro J, Hassankhani H, Hassen H, Havmoeller R, Hay R, Hay S, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Heibati B, Hendrie D, Henok A, Heredia-Pi I, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Heydarpour P, Hibstu D, Hoek H, Hoffman H, Hole M, Homaie Rad E, Hoogar P, Hosgood H, Hosseini S, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hotez P, Hoy D, Hsairi M, Htet A, Huang J, Iburg K, Ikeda C, Ilesanmi O, Irvani S, Irvine C, Islam S, Islami F, Jacobsen K, Jahangiry L, Jahanmehr N, Jain S, Jakovljevic M, James S, Jayatilleke A, Jeemon P, Jha R, Jha V, Ji J, Johnson C, Jonas J, Jonnagaddala J, Jorjoran Shushtari Z, Joshi A, Jozwiak J, Jungari S, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kanchan T, Kar C, Karami M, Karami Matin B, Karch A, Karema C, Karimi N, Karimi S, Kasaeian A, Kassa D, Kassa G, Kassa T, Kassebaum N, Katikireddi S, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazemi Z, Karyani A, Keighobadi M, Keiyoro P, Kemmer L, Kemp G, Kengne A, Keren A, Khader Y, Khafaei B, Khafaie M, Khajavi A, Khalid N, Khalil I, Khan E, Khan M, Khan M, Khang Y, Khater M, Khazaei M, Khoja A, Khosravi A, Khosravi M, Kiadaliri A, Kidanemariam Z, Kiirithio D, Kim C, Kim D, Kim Y, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Knudsen A, Kocarnik J, Kochhar S, Kokubo Y, Kolola T, Kopec J, Kosen S, Kotsakis G, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krishnaswami S, Krohn K, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar G, Kumar M, Kuzin I, Lad D, Lad S, Lafranconi A, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lami F, Lang J, Langan S, Lansingh V, Latifi A, Lau K, Lazarus J, Leasher J, Ledesma J, Lee P, Leigh J, Leili M, Leshargie C, Leung J, Levi M, Lewycka S, Li S, Li Y, Liang X, Liao Y, Liben M, Lim L, Lim S, Limenih M, Linn S, Liu S, Looker K, Lopez A, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lozano R, Lucas T, Lunevicius R, Lyons R, Ma S, Macarayan E, Mackay M, Maddison E, Madotto F, Maghavani D, Mai H, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Manda A, Manguerra H, Mansournia M, Mantilla Herrera A, Mantovani L, Maravilla J, Marcenes W, Marks A, Martins-Melo F, Martopullo I, März W, Marzan M, Massano J, Massenburg B, Mathur M, Maulik P, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGrath J, McKee M, McMahon B, Mehata S, Mehrotra R, Mehta K, Mehta V, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Mekonen T, Melese A, Melku M, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistu G, Mensah G, Mereta S, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Millear A, Miller T, Mini G, Mirarefin M, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mitchell P, Mitiku H, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mohammad K, Mohammadi M, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Montañez J, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreno Velásquez I, Morgado-Da-Costa J, Morrison S, Moschos M, Mousavi S, Mruts K, Muche A, Muchie K, Mueller U, Muhammed O, Mukhopadhyay S, Muller K, Mumford J, Murthy G, Musa K, Mustafa G, Nabhan A, Nagata C, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Nahvijou A, Naik G, Najafi F, Nam H, Nangia V, Nansseu J, Neamati N, Negoi I, Negoi R, Neupane S, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen A, Nguyen G, Nguyen H, Nguyen H, Nguyen H, Nguyen L, Nguyen M, Nguyen N, Nguyen S, Nichols E, Ningrum D, Nixon M, Nomura S, Noroozi M, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Nouri H, Shiadeh M, Nowroozi M, Nsoesie E, Nyasulu P, Odell C, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo F, Oh I, Oladimeji O, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, Olsen H, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ong K, Ong S, Oren E, Ortiz A, Ota E, Otstavnov S, Øverland S, Owolabi M, P A M, Pacella R, Pakhare A, Pakpour A, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Park E, Park J, Parry C, Parsian H, Pasdar Y, Patel S, Patil S, Patle A, Patton G, Paturi V, Paudel D, Paulson K, Pearce N, Pereira A, Pereira D, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Pham H, Phillips M, Pigott D, Pillay J, Piradov M, Pirsaheb M, Pishgar F, Plana-Ripoll O, Polinder S, Popova S, Postma M, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Prabhakaran D, Prakash S, Prakash V, Prasad N, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Quistberg D, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi K, Rahimi Z, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman S, Rai R, Rajati F, Ranjan P, Rao P, Rasella D, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Reddy K, Reiner R, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Rezai M, Ribeiro A, Roberts N, Robinson S, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Roth G, Rothenbacher D, Rubagotti E, Sachdev P, Sadat N, Sadeghi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safari H, Safari Y, Safari-Faramani R, Safdarian M, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Sajadi H, Salam N, Salama J, Salamati P, Saleem Z, Salimi Y, Salimzadeh H, Salomon J, Salvi S, Salz I, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Santomauro D, Santos I, Santos J, Santric Milicevic M, Sao Jose B, Sardana M, Sarker A, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarvi S, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sawant A, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Schaeffner E, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Scott J, Sekerija M, Sepanlou S, Serván-Mori E, Seyedmousavi S, Shabaninejad H, Shafieesabet A, Shahbazi M, Shaheen A, Shaikh M, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi M, Sharafi H, Sharafi K, Sharif M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Sharma J, Sharma R, She J, Sheikh A, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shiferaw M, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Shokoohinia Y, Shokraneh F, Shoman H, Shrime M, Si S, Siabani S, Sibai A, Siddiqi T, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singam N, Singh J, Singh N, Singh V, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Smith D, Smith M, Soares Filho A, Sobaih B, Sobhani S, Soofi M, Sorensen R, Soriano J, Soyiri I, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Srinivasan V, Stanaway J, Starodubov V, Stein D, Steiner C, Steiner T, Stokes M, Stovner L, Subart M, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan M, Sulo G, Sunguya B, Sur P, Sykes B, Sylaja P, Sylte D, Szoeke C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadakamadla S, Tandon N, Tassew S, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Taylor H, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekalign T, Tekelemedhin S, Tekle M, Temsah M, Temsah O, Terkawi A, Tessema B, Teweldemedhin M, Thankappan K, Theis A, Thirunavukkarasu S, Thomas N, Tilahun B, To Q, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Torre A, Tortajada-Girbés M, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone M, Towbin J, Tran B, Tran K, Troeger C, Tsadik A, Tsoi D, Tudor Car L, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Ullah I, Undurraga E, Updike R, Usman M, Uthman O, Vaduganathan M, Vaezi A, Valdez P, Varavikova E, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Villafaina S, Violante F, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Vos T, Vosoughi K, Vujcic I, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Weiss D, Weldegebreal F, Weldegwergs K, Werdecker A, West T, Westerman R, Whiteford H, Widecka J, Wijeratne T, Williams H, Wilner L, Wilson S, Winkler A, Wiyeh A, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Woolf A, Wyper G, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadgir S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari S, Yamada T, Yan L, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yasin Y, Yeshaneh A, Yimer E, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Yotebieng M, Younis M, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zadnik V, Zaidi Z, Zaman S, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zar H, Zenebe Z, Zhou M, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Zucker I, Zuhlke L, Murray C. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet 2018, 392: 1859-1922. PMID: 30415748, PMCID: PMC6252083, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32335-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh SDI countriesLow SDI countriesAge-standardised DALY ratesYears of lifeHealthy life expectancySDI countriesNon-communicable diseasesSocio-demographic IndexNeonatal disordersPoor healthAge-specific mortality ratesDALY ratesLife expectancyDisease burdenGood healthGlobal burdenPremature mortalityMortality rateCommunicable diseasesRisk Factors Study (GBD) 2017Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCauses of DALYsSum of YLLsAdditional yearLower respiratory infectionsMeasuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Collaborators G, Fullman N, Yearwood J, Abay S, Abbafati C, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, Abdelalim A, Abebe Z, Abebo T, Aboyans V, Abraha H, Abreu D, Abu-Raddad L, Adane A, Adedoyin R, Adetokunboh O, Adhikari T, Afarideh M, Afshin A, Agarwal G, Agius D, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Kiadaliri A, Aichour M, Akibu M, Akinyemi R, Akinyemiju T, Akseer N, Al Lami F, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam T, Alasfoor D, Albittar M, Alene K, Al-Eyadhy A, Ali S, Alijanzadeh M, Aljunid S, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen C, Alomari M, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Amenu K, Ammar W, Amoako Y, Anber N, Andrei C, Androudi S, Antonio C, Araújo V, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asayesh H, Asfaw E, Asgedom S, Asghar R, Ashebir M, Asseffa N, Atey T, Atre S, Atteraya M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Ayalew A, Ayele H, Ayer R, Ayuk T, Azzopardi P, Azzopardi-Muscat N, Babalola T, Badali H, Badawi A, Banach M, Banerjee A, Banstola A, Barber R, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barrero L, Bassat Q, Basu S, Baune B, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Bedi N, Beghi E, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Bekele B, Belachew A, Belay S, Belay Y, Bell M, Bello A, Bennett D, Bennett J, Bensenor I, Berhe D, Bernabé E, Bernstein R, Beuran M, Bhalla A, Bhatt P, Bhaumik S, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bizuneh H, Bolliger I, Bolt K, Bou-Orm I, Bozorgmehr K, Brady O, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Britton G, Brugha T, Butt Z, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Campos-Nonato I, Campuzano J, Car J, Car M, Cárdenas R, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Rivas J, Catalá-López F, Cercy K, Chalek J, Chang H, Chang J, Chattopadhyay A, Chaturvedi P, Chiang P, Chisumpa V, Choi J, Christensen H, Christopher D, Chung S, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Colombara D, Conti S, Cooper C, Cornaby L, Cortesi P, Cortinovis M, Pereira A, Cousin E, Criqui M, Cromwell E, Crowe C, Crump J, Daba A, Dachew B, Dadi A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan P, Daryani A, Daryani M, Das J, Das S, Neves J, Weaver N, Davletov K, de Courten B, De Leo D, De Neve J, Dellavalle R, Demoz G, Deribe K, Jarlais D, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhimal M, Djalalinia S, Doku D, Dolan K, Dorsey E, dos Santos K, Doyle K, Driscoll T, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duncan B, Echko M, Edessa D, Edvardsson D, Ehrlich J, Eldrenkamp E, El-Khatib Z, Endres M, Endries A, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Fakhar, Farag T, Faramarzi M, Faraon E, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fatusi A, Fazeli M, Feigin V, Feigl A, Fentahun N, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Fernandes J, Fijabi D, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman A, Flor L, Foigt N, Foreman K, Frostad J, Fürst T, Futran N, Gakidou E, Gallus S, Gambashidze K, Gamkrelidze A, Ganji M, Gebre A, Gebrehiwot T, Gebremedhin A, Gelaw Y, Geleijnse J, Geremew D, Gething P, Ghadimi R, Falavarjani K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Gill P, Giref A, Giroud M, Gishu M, Giussani G, Godwin W, Goli S, Gomez-Dantes H, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani S, Goryakin Y, Goulart A, Grada A, Griswold M, Grosso G, Gugnani H, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta T, Gupta V, Haagsma J, Hachinski V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu G, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hankey G, Harb H, Harewood H, Harikrishnan S, Haro J, Hassen H, Havmoeller R, Hawley C, Hay S, He J, Hearps S, Hegazy M, Heibati B, Heidari M, Hendrie D, Henry N, Ballesteros V, Herteliu C, Hibstu D, Hiluf M, Hoek H, Rad E, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hosseini M, Hosseini S, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hoy D, Hsairi M, Htet A, Hu G, Huang J, Iburg K, Idris F, Igumbor E, Ikeda C, Ileanu B, Ilesanmi O, Innos K, Irvani S, Irvine C, Islami F, Jacobs T, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jain R, Jain S, Jakovljevic M, Jalu M, Jamal A, Javanbakht M, Jayatilleke A, Jeemon P, Jha R, Jha V, Jóúwiak J, John O, Johnson S, Jonas J, Joshua V, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kar C, Karanikolos M, Karch A, Karema C, Karimi S, Kasaeian A, Kassa D, Kassa G, Kassa T, Kassebaum N, Katikireddi S, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazanjan K, Kebede S, Keiyoro P, Kemp G, Kengne A, Kereselidze M, Ketema E, Khader Y, Khafaie M, Khajavi A, Khalil I, Khan E, Khan G, Khan N, Khan M, Khanal M, Khang Y, Khater M, Khoja A, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kibret G, Kiirithio D, Kim D, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kinra S, Kisa A, Kissoon N, Kochhar S, Kokubo Y, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishan K, Krohn K, Defo B, Kumar G, Kumar P, Kutz M, Kuzin I, Kyu H, Lad D, Lafranconi A, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lam H, Lan Q, Lang J, Lansingh V, Lansky S, Larsson A, Latifi A, Lazarus J, Leasher J, Lee P, Legesse Y, Leigh J, Leshargie C, Leta S, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Liang J, Liben M, Lim L, Lim S, Lind M, Linn S, Listl S, Liu P, Liu S, Lodha R, Lopez A, Lorch S, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lucas T, Lunevicius R, Lurton G, Lyons R, Maalouf F, Macarayan E, Mackay M, Maddison E, Madotto F, Razek H, Razek M, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta D, Mamun A, Manhertz T, Manguerra H, Mansournia M, Mantovani L, Manyazewal T, Mapoma C, Margono C, Martinez-Raga J, Martins S, Martins-Melo F, Martopullo I, März W, Massenburg B, Mathur M, Maulik P, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGrath J, McKee M, Mehata S, Mehrotra R, Mehta K, Mehta V, Meier T, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Meles K, Melku M, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengiste D, Mengistu D, Menota B, Mensah G, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mezgebe H, Miazgowski T, Micha R, Milam R, Millear A, Miller T, Mini G, Minnig S, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mitchell P, Mlashu F, Moazen B, Mohammad K, Mohammadibakhsh R, Mohammed E, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mokdad A, Mola G, Molokhia M, Momeniha F, Monasta L, Hernandez J, Moosazadeh M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Velasquez I, Mori R, Morrison S, Moses M, Mousavi S, Mueller U, Murhekar M, Murthy G, Murthy S, Musa J, Musa K, Mustafa G, Muthupandian S, Nagata C, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Naik G, Naik N, Najafi F, Naldi L, Nangia V, Nansseu J, Narayan K, Nascimento B, Negoi I, Negoi R, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen G, Nguyen L, Nguyen T, Nichols E, Ningrum D, Nolte E, Nong V, Norheim O, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Nyandwi A, Obermeyer C, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo F, Oh I, Oladimeji O, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, de Oliveira P, Olsen H, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ong K, Opio J, Oren E, Ortega-Altamirano D, Ortiz A, Ozdemir R, Mahesh P, Pain A, Palone M, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandian J, Park E, Parsian H, Patel T, Pati S, Patil S, Patle A, Patton G, Paturi V, Paudel D, de Moares Pedroso M, Pedroza S, Pereira D, Perico N, Peterson H, Petzold M, Peykari N, Phillips M, Piel F, Pigott D, Pillay J, Piradov M, Polinder S, Pond C, Postma M, Pourmalek F, Prakash S, Prakash V, Prasad N, Prasad N, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Quintana H, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman S, Kumar R, Raju S, Ram U, Rana S, Rankin Z, Rasella D, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Ray S, Razo-García C, Reddy P, Reiner R, Reis C, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Rezai M, Ribeiro A, Blancas M, Rivera J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Roth G, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Roy N, Ruhago G, Sabde Y, Sachdev P, Sadat N, Safdarian, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Sajadi H, Salama J, Salamati P, de Freitas Saldanha R, Salimzadeh H, Salomon J, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sancheti P, Sanchez-Niño M, Santomauro D, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sarker A, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Saylan M, Schaeffner E, Schmidhuber J, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schumacher A, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Sekerija M, Sepanlou S, Servan-Mori E, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh M, Shakh-Nazarova M, Shams-Beyranvand M, Sharafi H, Sharif-Alhoseini, Islam M, Sharma M, Sharma R, She J, Sheikh A, Shfare M, Shi P, Shields C, Shigematsu M, Shinohara Y, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Shrime M, Shukla S, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir I, Silberberg D, Silva D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Singh L, Singh N, Singh V, Sinha D, Sinke A, Sisay M, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Smith A, Filho A, Sobaih B, Somai M, Soneji S, Soofi M, Sorensen R, Soriano J, Soyiri I, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Srinivasan V, Stanaway J, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein D, Stokes M, Sturua L, Sufiyan M, Suliankatchi R, Sunguya B, Sur P, Sykes B, Sylaja P, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadakamadla S, Tadesse A, Taffere G, Tandon N, Tariku A, Taveira N, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Shifa G, Temsah M, Terkawi A, Tesema A, Tesfaye D, Tessema B, Thakur J, Thomas N, Thompson M, Tillmann T, To Q, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Torre A, Tortajada M, Tran B, Tran K, Tripathi A, Tripathy S, Troeger C, Truelsen T, Tsoi D, Car L, Tuem K, Tyrovolas S, Uchendu U, Ukwaja K, Ullah I, Updike R, Uthman O, Uzochukwu B, Valdez P, van Boven J, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Violante F, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Vos T, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Wallin M, Walson J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wassie M, Weaver M, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Weiss J, Weldegwergs K, Werdecker A, West T, Westerman R, White R, Whiteford H, Widecka J, Winkler A, Wiysonge C, DA Wolfe C, Wondimkun Y, Workicho A, Wyper G, Xavier D, Xu G, Yan L, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yimer N, Yin P, Yip P, Yirsaw B, Yonemoto N, Yonga G, Yoon S, Yotebieng M, Younis M, Yu C, Zadnik V, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zenebe Z, Zhou M, Zhu J, Zimsen S, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Zuhlke L, Murray C, Lozano R. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 2018, 391: 2236-2271. PMID: 29893224, PMCID: PMC5986687, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30994-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCommunicable DiseasesGlobal Burden of DiseaseHealth Services AccessibilityHumansNoncommunicable DiseasesQuality of Health CareWounds and InjuriesConceptsHealth care accessHigh-middle SDI countriesSocio-demographic IndexSDI countriesNon-communicable diseasesGBD 2016HAQ indexQuality health careHealth careGlobal burdenHealthcare accessSecondary health care servicesRisk Factors Study 2016Middle SDI countriesCause-specific deathRisk factor patternsDisease Study 2016Vaccine-preventable diseasesCancer registry dataHealth service areasTotal health spendingKey health servicesPublic health programsHealth care servicesHealth system inputs
2017
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Collaborators G, Gakidou E, Afshin A, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abdulle A, Abera S, Aboyans V, Abu-Raddad L, Abu-Rmeileh N, Abyu G, Adedeji I, Adetokunboh O, Afarideh M, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed M, Aichour M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Akinyemi R, Akseer N, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam T, Alasfoor D, Alene K, Ali K, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako Y, Ansari H, Antó J, Antonio C, Anwari P, Arian N, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asayesh H, Asgedom S, Atey T, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Azzopardi P, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Ballew S, Barac A, Barber R, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero L, Batis C, Battle K, Baumgarner B, Baune B, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Bell M, Bennett D, Bennett J, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Berhe D, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Beuran M, Beyene A, Bhansali A, Bhutta Z, Bicer B, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Blosser C, Boneya D, Bou-Orm I, Brauer M, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Brugha T, Bulto L, Butt Z, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cárdenas R, Carrero J, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Catalá-López F, Cercy K, Chang H, Charlson F, Chimed-Ochir O, Chisumpa V, Chitheer A, Christensen H, Christopher D, Cirillo M, Cohen A, Comfort H, Cooper C, Coresh J, Cornaby L, Cortesi P, Criqui M, Crump J, Dandona L, Dandona R, Neves J, Davey G, Davitoiu D, Davletov K, de Courten B, Defo B, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Deshpande A, Dharmaratne S, Ding E, Djalalinia S, Phuc H, Dokova K, Doku D, van Donkelaar A, Dorsey E, Driscoll T, Dubey M, Duncan B, Duncan S, Ebrahimi H, El-Khatib Z, Enayati A, Endries A, Ermakov S, Erskine H, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Faraon E, Farinha C, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fay K, Feigin V, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Ferrari A, Feyissa T, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman A, Foigt N, Foreman K, Frostad J, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado J, Ganji M, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gebrehiwot T, Geleijnse J, Geleto A, Gemechu B, Gesesew H, Gething P, Ghajar A, Gibney K, Gill P, Gillum R, Giref A, Gishu M, Giussani G, Godwin W, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani S, Goryakin Y, Goulart A, Graetz N, Gugnani H, Guo J, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Gutiérrez R, Hachinski V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu G, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hammami M, Handal A, Hankey G, Hanson S, Harb H, Hareri H, Hassanvand M, Havmoeller R, Hawley C, Hay S, Hedayati M, Hendrie D, Heredia-Pi I, Hernandez J, Hoek H, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hostiuc S, Hoy D, Hsairi M, Hu G, Huang J, Huang H, Ibrahim N, Iburg K, Ikeda C, Inoue M, Irvine C, Jackson M, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jauregui A, Javanbakht M, Jeemon P, Johansson L, Johnson C, Jonas J, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kamal R, Karch A, Karema C, Kasaeian A, Kassebaum N, Kastor A, Katikireddi S, Kawakami N, Keiyoro P, Kelbore S, Kemmer L, Kengne A, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kiadaliri A, Kieling C, Kim J, Kim Y, Kim D, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimaki M, Knibbs L, Knudsen A, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krohn K, Kromhout H, Kumar G, Kutz M, Kyu H, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lan Q, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Lee P, Lee A, Leigh J, Leung J, Levi M, Levy T, Li Y, Li Y, Liang X, Liben M, Linn S, Liu P, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Looker K, Lopez A, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lozano R, Lunevicius R, Macarayan E, Razek H, Razek M, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta D, Mamun A, Manguerra H, Mantovani L, Mapoma C, Martin R, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo F, Mathur M, Matsushita K, Matzopoulos R, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGrath J, Mehata S, Mehndiratta M, Meier T, Melaku Y, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengesha M, Mensah G, Mensink G, Mereta S, Meretoja T, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Micha R, Millear A, Miller T, Minnig S, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mishra S, Mohammad K, Mohammed K, Mohammed S, Mohan M, Mokdad A, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morrison S, Mountjoy-Venning C, Mueller U, Mullany E, Muller K, Murthy G, Musa K, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Nangia V, Natarajan G, Negoi R, Negoi I, Nguyen C, Le Nguyen Q, Nguyen T, Nguyen G, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Ningrum D, Nomura M, Nong V, Norheim O, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Obermeyer C, Ogbo F, Oh I, Oladimeji O, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, Olsen H, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Opio J, Oren E, Ortiz A, Ota E, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pacella R, Pana A, Panda B, Panda-Jonas S, Pandian J, Papachristou C, Park E, Parry C, Patten S, Patton G, Pereira D, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Phillips M, Pillay J, Piradov M, Pishgar F, Plass D, Pletcher M, Polinder S, Popova S, Poulton R, Pourmalek F, Prasad N, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman M, Kumar R, Rajsic S, Ram U, Rawaf S, Rehm C, Rehm J, Reiner R, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Reynales-Shigematsu L, Rezaei S, Ribeiro A, Rivera J, Roba K, Rojas-Rueda D, Roman Y, Room R, Roshandel G, Roth G, Rothenbacher D, Rubagotti E, Rushton L, Sadat N, Safdarian, Safi S, Safiri S, Sahathevan R, Salama J, Salomon J, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Sánchez-Pimienta T, Santomauro D, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Serdar B, Servan-Mori E, Shaddick G, Shaheen A, Shahraz S, Shaikh M, Shamsipour M, Shamsizadeh M, Islam M, Sharma J, Sharma R, She J, Shen J, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shields C, Shiferaw M, Shigematsu M, Shin M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shishani K, Shoman H, Shrime M, Sigfusdottir I, Silva D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Singh V, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Slepak E, Smith D, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobngwi E, Soneji S, Sorensen R, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Srinivasan V, Steel N, Stein D, Steiner C, Steinke S, Stokes M, Strub B, Subart M, Sufiyan M, Suliankatchi R, Sur P, Swaminathan S, Sykes B, Szoeke C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadakamadla S, Takahashi K, Takala J, Tandon N, Tanner M, Tarekegn Y, Tavakkoli M, Tegegne T, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Terkawi A, Tesssema B, Thakur J, Thamsuwan O, Thankappan K, Theis A, Thomas M, Thomson A, Thrift A, Tillmann T, Tobe-Gai R, Tobollik M, Tollanes M, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Torre A, Tortajada M, Touvier M, Tran B, Truelsen T, Tuem K, Tuzcu E, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Uneke C, Updike R, Uthman O, van Boven J, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Veerman L, Venkateswaran V, Venketasubramanian N, Violante F, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Vos T, Wadilo F, Wakayo T, Wallin M, Wang Y, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Weiss D, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford H, Wiysonge C, Woldeyes B, Wolfe C, Woodbrook R, Workicho A, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadgir S, Yakob B, Yan L, Yaseri M, Yimam H, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Yotebieng M, Younis M, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zavala-Arciniega L, Zhang X, Zimsen S, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Lim S, Murray C. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 2017, 390: 1345-1422. PMID: 28919119, PMCID: PMC5614451, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32366-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAir PollutionBody Mass IndexCause of DeathChildChild, PreschoolCommunicable DiseasesDisabled PersonsEnvironmental HealthFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLife ExpectancyMaleMetabolic DiseasesMiddle AgedNoncommunicable DiseasesOccupational DiseasesQuality-Adjusted Life YearsRisk AssessmentSex DistributionSmokingWater SupplyYoung AdultConceptsTheoretical minimum risk exposure levelMetabolic riskAttributable burdenRelative riskHigher systolic blood pressureRisk Factors Study 2016Risk-outcome pairsComparative risk assessment frameworkSystolic blood pressureBody mass indexChild growth failureCauses of burdenPortion of deathsRisk factor exposureClusters of risksAttributable DALYsBlood pressureHousehold air pollutionPooled cohortStudy criteriaPlasma glucoseRisk factorsGrowth failureAttributable deathsGlobal burdenGlobal, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Collaborators G, Hay S, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abdulkader R, Abdulle A, Abebo T, Abera S, Aboyans V, Abu-Raddad L, Ackerman I, Adedeji I, Adetokunboh O, Afshin A, Aggarwal R, Agrawal S, Agrawal A, Ahmed M, Aichour M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aiyar S, Akinyemiju T, Akseer N, Al Lami F, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam T, Alasfoor D, Alene K, Ali R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Alkaabi J, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen C, Al-Maskari F, AlMazroa M, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Althouse B, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako Y, Ansha M, Antonio C, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Arora M, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asgedom S, Atey T, Atnafu N, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Awasthi S, Azarpazhooh M, Azzopardi P, Babalola T, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Bannick M, Barac A, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barrero L, Basu S, Battista R, Battle K, Baune B, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Béjot Y, Bekele B, Bell M, Bennett D, Bennett J, Bensenor I, Benson J, Berhane A, Berhe D, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Beuran M, Beyene A, Bhansali A, Bhatt S, Bhutta Z, Biadgilign S, Bicer B, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bizuayehu H, Blyth F, Boneya D, Bose D, Bou-Orm I, Bourne R, Brainin M, Brayne C, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Briant P, Britton G, Brugha T, Buchbinder R, Bulto L, Bumgarner B, Butt Z, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cameron E, Campos-Nonato I, Carabin H, Cárdenas R, Carpenter D, Carrero J, Carter A, Carvalho F, Casey D, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castle C, Catalá-López F, Chang J, Charlson F, Chaturvedi P, Chen H, Chibalabala M, Chibueze C, Chisumpa V, Chitheer A, Chowdhury R, Christopher D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Colombara D, Cooper L, Cooper C, Cortesi P, Cortinovis M, Criqui M, Cromwell E, Cross M, Crump J, Dadi A, Dalal K, Damasceno A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Neves J, Davitoiu D, Davletov K, de Courten B, De Leo D, De Steur H, Defo B, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Deribew A, Jarlais D, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Dicker D, Djalainia S, Phuc H, Dokova K, Doku D, Dorsey E, dos Santos K, Driscoll T, Dubey M, Duncan B, Ebel B, Echko M, El-Khatib Z, Enayati A, Endries A, Ermakov S, Erskine H, Eshetie S, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fanuel F, Farag T, Farinha C, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fazeli M, Feigin V, Feigl A, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Ferrari A, Feyissa T, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman A, Foigt N, Foreman K, Franklin R, Frostad J, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado J, Futran N, Gakidou E, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gebre T, Gebregergs G, Gebrehiwot T, Geleijnse J, Geleto A, Gemechu B, Gesesew H, Gething P, Ghajar A, Gibney K, Gillum R, Ginawi I, Gishu M, Giussani G, Godwin W, Goel K, Goenka S, Goldberg E, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani S, Gosselin R, Gotay C, Goto A, Goulart A, Graetz N, Gugnani H, Gupta P, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Gupta R, Gutiérrez R, Hachinski V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu A, Hailu G, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hammami M, Handal A, Hankey G, Hao Y, Harb H, Hareri H, Haro J, Harun K, Harvey J, Hassanvand M, Havmoeller R, Hay R, Hedayati M, Hendrie D, Henry N, Heredia-Pi I, Heydarpour P, Hoek H, Hoffman H, Horino M, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hostiuc S, Hotez P, Hoy D, Htet A, Hu G, Huang J, Huynh C, Iburg K, Igumbor E, Ikeda C, Irvine C, Islam M, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, James P, Jassal S, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jeemon P, Jensen P, Jha V, Jiang G, John D, Johnson C, Johnson S, Jonas J, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kamal R, Kar C, Karam N, Karch A, Karema C, Karimi S, Karimkhani C, Kasaeian A, Kassa G, Kassaw N, Kassebaum N, Kastor A, Katikireddi S, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Keiyoro P, Kemmer L, Kengne A, Keren A, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khoja A, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kiadaliri A, Kieling C, Kim Y, Kim D, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kissoon N, Kivimaki M, Knudsen A, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec J, Kosen S, Kotsakis G, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krohn K, Kumar G, Kumar P, Kyu H, Lager A, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lambert N, Lan Q, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Leasher J, Lee P, Leigh J, Leshargie C, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Li Y, Liang X, Liben M, Lim S, Linn S, Liu P, Liu A, Liu S, Liu Y, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Looker K, Lopez A, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lozano R, Lucas T, Lunevicius R, Lyons R, Macarayan E, Maddison E, Razek H, Razek M, Magis-Rodriguez C, Mahdavi, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta D, Mamun A, Manguerra H, Manhertz T, Mantovani L, Mapoma C, March L, Marczak L, Martinez-Raga J, Martins P, Martins-Melo F, Martopullo I, März W, Mathur M, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGaughey M, McGrath J, McKee M, Mehata S, Meier T, Meles K, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengesha M, Mengistie M, Mengistu D, Mensah G, Meretoja T, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Micha R, Millear A, Miller T, Minnig S, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mishra S, Mitchell P, Mohammad K, Mohammadi A, Mohammed M, Mohammed K, Mohammed S, Mohan M, Mokdad A, Mollenkopf S, Monasta L, Hernandez J, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Mori R, Morrison S, Moses M, Mountjoy-Venning C, Mruts K, Mueller U, Muller K, Murdoch M, Murthy G, Murthy S, Musa K, Nachega J, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Naidoo K, Nangia V, Nasher J, Natarajan G, Negasa D, Negoi R, Negoi I, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen C, Le Nguyen Q, Nguyen T, Nguyen G, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Ningrum D, Nong V, Norheim O, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Nyandwi A, Obermeyer C, O'Donnell M, Ogbo F, Oh I, Okoro A, Oladimeji O, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olsen H, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ong K, Opio J, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osborne R, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Osman M, Ota E, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pacella R, Panda B, Pandian J, Papachristou C, Park E, Parry C, Parsaeian M, Patil S, Patten S, Patton G, Paudel D, Paulson K, Pearce N, Pereira D, Perez K, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Peterson C, Petri W, Petzold M, Phillips M, Phipps G, Pigott D, Pillay J, Pinho C, Piradov M, Plass D, Pletcher M, Popova S, Poulton R, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Prasad N, Purcell C, Purwar M, Qorbani M, Quintanilla B, Rabiee R, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman M, Kumar R, Rajsic S, Ram U, Ranabhat C, Rangaswamy T, Rankin Z, Rao P, Rao P, Rawaf S, Ray S, Reiner R, Reinig N, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Ribeiro A, Rivas J, Roba H, Robinson S, Rojas-Rueda D, Rokni M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth G, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Ruhago G, Saadat S, Safdarian, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sahraian M, Salama J, Saleh M, Salomon J, Salvi S, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Santomauro D, Santos J, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Schelonka K, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schöttker B, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Servan-Mori E, Shaheen A, Shaikh M, Shamsipour M, Sharma R, Sharma J, She J, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shields C, Shifa G, Shiferaw M, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shirude S, Shishani K, Shoman H, Siabani S, Sibai A, Sigfusdottir I, Silberberg D, Silva D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Singh O, Singh N, Singh V, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Slepak E, Smith D, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobngwi E, Soljak M, Sorensen R, Sousa T, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Srinivasan V, Stanaway J, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein D, Steiner C, Steinke S, Stokes M, Stovner L, Strub B, Subart M, Sufiyan M, Sunguya B, Sur P, Swaminathan S, Sykes B, Sylte D, Szoeke C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadakamadla S, Taffere G, Takala J, Tandon N, Tanne D, Tarekegn Y, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Taylor H, Tegegne T, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekelab T, Terkawi A, Tesfaye D, Tesssema B, Thakur J, Thamsuwan O, Theadom A, Theis A, Thomas K, Thomas N, Thompson R, Thrift A, Tobe-Gai R, Tobollik M, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada M, Touvier M, Traebert J, Tran B, Troeger C, Truelsen T, Tsoi D, Tuzcu E, Tymeson H, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Undurraga E, Uneke C, Updike R, Uthman O, Uzochukwu B, van Boven J, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Veerman L, Venkatesh S, Venketasubramanian N, Vidavalur R, Vijayakumar L, Violante F, Vishnu A, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Vos T, Wadilo F, Wakayo T, Wallin M, Wang Y, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Weiss D, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford H, Wijeratne T, Williams H, Wiysonge C, Woldeyes B, Wolfe C, Woodbrook R, Woolf A, Workicho A, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadgir S, Yaghoubi M, Yakob B, Yan L, Yano Y, Ye P, Yihdego M, Yimam H, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Yotebieng M, Younis M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zegeye E, Zenebe Z, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Zhou M, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Zoeckler L, Zuhlke L, Murray C. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 2017, 390: 1260-1344. PMID: 28919118, PMCID: PMC5605707, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32130-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-standardised DALY ratesSocio-demographic IndexNon-communicable diseasesHealthy life expectancyYears of lifeDALY ratesGlobal burdenDisease burdenNon-fatal disease burdenRisk Factors Study 2016Causes of DALYsIschemic heart diseaseDisease Study 2016Age 65 yearsLife expectancyCause-specific mortalityMost non-communicable diseasesAge 15 yearsHealth system performanceAge-specific death ratesCause mortalityRespiratory infectionsCerebrovascular diseaseDALY burdenGlobal DALYsGlobal, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Collaborators G, Naghavi M, Abajobir A, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abera S, Aboyans V, Adetokunboh O, Afshin A, Agrawal A, Ahmadi A, Ahmed M, Aichour A, Aichour M, Aichour I, Aiyar S, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam T, Alene K, Al-Eyadhy A, Ali S, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Alkaabi J, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen C, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako Y, Anber N, Andersen H, Andrei C, Androudi S, Ansari H, Antonio C, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Arora M, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asayesh H, Asgedom S, Atey T, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Babalola T, Bacha U, Balakrishnan K, Barac A, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero L, Baune B, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bekele B, Bell M, Bennett J, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Beuran M, Bhatt S, Biadgilign S, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Bisanzio D, Bourne R, Breitborde N, Bulto L, Bumgarner B, Butt Z, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cameron E, Campuzano J, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carrero J, Carter A, Casey D, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Catalá-López F, Charlson F, Chibueze C, Chimed-Ochir O, Chisumpa V, Chitheer A, Christopher D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Cohen A, Colombara D, Cooper C, Cowie B, Criqui M, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan P, Neves J, Davitoiu D, Davletov K, de Courten B, Defo B, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Deribe K, Deribew A, Dey S, Dicker D, Ding E, Djalalinia S, Phuc H, Doku D, Douwes-Schultz D, Driscoll T, Dubey M, Duncan B, Echko M, El-Khatib Z, Ellingsen C, Enayati A, Ermakov S, Erskine H, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Farinha C, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Ferrari A, Feyissa T, Filip I, Finegold S, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman A, Foigt N, Frank T, Fraser M, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado J, Gakidou E, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gebre T, Gebregergs G, Gebrehiwot T, Gebremichael D, Geleijnse J, Genova-Maleras R, Gesesew H, Gething P, Gillum R, Giref A, Giroud M, Giussani G, Godwin W, Gold A, Goldberg E, Gona P, Gopalani S, Gouda H, Goulart A, Griswold M, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Gupta P, Haagsma J, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu A, Hailu G, Hamadeh R, Hambisa M, Hamidi S, Hammami M, Hancock J, Handal A, Hankey G, Hao Y, Harb H, Hareri H, Hassanvand M, Havmoeller R, Hay S, He F, Hedayati M, Henry N, Heredia-Pi I, Herteliu C, Hoek H, Horino M, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hostiuc S, Hotez P, Hoy D, Huynh C, Iburg K, Ikeda C, Ileanu B, Irenso A, Irvine C, Islam M, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jeemon P, Jha V, John D, Johnson C, Johnson S, Jonas J, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kamal R, Karch A, Karimi S, Karimkhani C, Kasaeian A, Kassaw N, Kassebaum N, Katikireddi S, Kawakami N, Keiyoro P, Kemmer L, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khan E, Khang Y, Khoja A, Khosravi M, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kiadaliri A, Kieling C, Kievlan D, Kim Y, Kim D, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kissoon N, Kivimaki M, Knudsen A, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kulikoff X, Kumar G, Kumar P, Kutz M, Kyu H, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lambert T, Lan Q, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Lee P, Leigh J, Leung J, Levi M, Li Y, Kappe D, Liang X, Liben M, Lim S, Liu P, Liu A, Liu Y, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lozano R, Lucas T, Ma S, Macarayan E, Maddison E, Razek M, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta D, Manguerra H, Manyazewal T, Mapoma C, Marczak L, Markos D, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo F, Martopullo I, McAlinden C, McGaughey M, McGrath J, Mehata S, Meier T, Meles K, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mengesha M, Mengistu D, Menota B, Mensah G, Meretoja T, Meretoja A, Millear A, Miller T, Minnig S, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mishra S, Mohamed I, Mohammad K, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Mokdad A, Mola G, Mollenkopf S, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Montañez J, Montico M, Mooney M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morozoff C, Morrison S, Mountjoy-Venning C, Mruts K, Muller K, Murthy G, Musa K, Nachega J, Naheed A, Naldi L, Nangia V, Nascimento B, Nasher J, Natarajan G, Negoi I, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen C, Le Nguyen Q, Nguyen T, Nguyen G, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Ningrum D, Nong V, Noubiap J, Ogbo F, Oh I, Okoro A, Olagunju A, Olsen H, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ong K, Opio J, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osman M, Ota E, Mahesh P, Pacella R, Pakhale S, Pana A, Panda B, Panda-Jonas S, Papachristou C, Park E, Patten S, Patton G, Paudel D, Paulson K, Pereira D, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pervaiz A, Petzold M, Phillips M, Pigott D, Pinho C, Plass D, Pletcher M, Polinder S, Postma M, Pourmalek F, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Quintanilla B, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Kumar R, Ranabhat C, Rankin Z, Rao P, Rath G, Rawaf S, Ray S, Rehm J, Reiner R, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Rezaei S, Rezai M, Rokni M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth G, Rothenbacher D, Ruhago G, Rizwan S, Saadat S, Sachdev P, Sadat N, Safdarian, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Salama J, Salamati P, Salomon J, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Santomauro D, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schulhofer-Wohl S, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Sepanlou S, Servan-Mori E, Shackelford K, Shahraz S, Shaikh M, Shamsipour M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharma J, Sharma R, She J, Sheikhbahaei S, Shey M, Shi P, Shields C, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirude S, Shiue I, Shoman H, Shrime M, Sigfusdottir I, Silpakit N, Silva J, Singh J, Singh A, Skiadaresi E, Sligar A, Smith D, Smith A, Smith M, Sobaih B, Soneji S, Sorensen R, Soriano J, Sreeramareddy C, Srinivasan V, Stanaway J, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein D, Steiner C, Steinke S, Stokes M, Strong M, Strub B, Subart M, Sufiyan M, Sunguya B, Sur P, Swaminathan S, Sykes B, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadakamadla S, Takahashi K, Takala J, Talongwa R, Tarawneh M, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Tegegne T, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah M, Terkawi A, Thakur J, Thamsuwan O, Thankappan K, Thomas K, Thompson A, Thomson A, Thrift A, Tobe-Gai R, Topor-Madry R, Torre A, Tortajada M, Towbin J, Tran B, Troeger C, Truelsen T, Tsoi D, Tuzcu E, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Undurraga E, Updike R, Uthman O, Uzochukwu B, van Boven J, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Vos T, Wakayo T, Wallin M, Wang Y, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Weiss D, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whetter B, Whiteford H, Wijeratne T, Wiysonge C, Woldeyes B, Wolfe C, Woodbrook R, Workicho A, Xavier D, Xiao Q, Xu G, Yaghoubi M, Yakob B, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yimam H, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Yotebieng M, Younis M, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zegeye E, Zenebe Z, Zerfu T, Zhang A, Zhang X, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Lopez A, Murray C. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 2017, 390: 1151-1210. PMID: 28919116, PMCID: PMC5605883, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32152-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdolescentAdultAge DistributionAgedAged, 80 and overCause of DeathChildChild, PreschoolCommunicable DiseasesDisastersFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedNoncommunicable DiseasesNutrition DisordersPregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsSocioeconomic FactorsWounds and InjuriesYoung AdultGlobal, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Collaborators G, Vos T, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abdulkader R, Abdulle A, Abebo T, Abera S, Aboyans V, Abu-Raddad L, Ackerman I, Adamu A, Adetokunboh O, Afarideh M, Afshin A, Agarwal S, Aggarwal R, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed M, Aichour M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aiyar S, Akinyemi R, Akseer N, Al Lami F, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam T, Alasfoor D, Alene K, Ali R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen C, Al-Maskari F, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Altirkawi K, Amare A, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako Y, Andersen H, Antonio C, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal K, Asayesh H, Asgedom S, Assadi R, Atey T, Atnafu N, Atre S, Avila-Burgos L, Avokphako E, Awasthi A, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Bannick M, Barac A, Barber R, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero L, Basu S, Battista B, Battle K, Baune B, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bekele B, Bell M, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Benson J, Berhane A, Berhe D, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Beuran M, Beyene A, Bhala N, Bhansali A, Bhatt S, Bhutta Z, Biadgilign S, Bicer B, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bizuayehu H, Boneya D, Boufous S, Bourne R, Brazinova A, Brugha T, Buchbinder R, Bulto L, Bumgarner B, Butt Z, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cameron E, Car M, Carabin H, Carapetis J, Cárdenas R, Carpenter D, Carrero J, Carter A, Carvalho F, Casey D, Caso V, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castle C, Catalá-López F, Chang H, Chang J, Charlson F, Chen H, Chibalabala M, Chibueze C, Chisumpa V, Chitheer A, Christopher D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Colombara D, Cooper C, Cortesi P, Criqui M, Crump J, Dadi A, Dalal K, Dandona L, Dandona R, Neves J, Davitoiu D, de Courten B, De De Leo D, Defo B, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Jarlais D, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Dicker D, Ding E, Djalalinia S, Phuc H, Dorsey E, dos Santos K, Douwes-Schultz D, Doyle K, Driscoll T, Dubey M, Duncan B, El-Khatib Z, Ellerstrand J, Enayati A, Endries A, Ermakov S, Erskine H, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fanuel F, Farinha C, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fazeli M, Feigin V, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Ferrari A, Feyissa T, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman A, Flor L, Foigt N, Foreman K, Franklin R, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado J, Futran N, Gakidou E, Ganji M, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot T, Geleto A, Gemechu B, Gesesew H, Gething P, Ghajar A, Gibney K, Gill P, Gillum R, Ginawi I, Giref A, Gishu M, Giussani G, Godwin W, Gold A, Goldberg E, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani S, Goto A, Goulart A, Griswold M, Gugnani H, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu G, Hailu A, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Handal A, Hankey G, Hanson S, Hao Y, Harb H, Hareri H, Haro J, Harvey J, Hassanvand M, Havmoeller R, Hawley C, Hay S, Hay R, Henry N, Heredia-Pi I, Hernandez J, Heydarpour P, Hoek H, Hoffman H, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hostiuc S, Hotez P, Hoy D, Htet A, Hu G, Huang H, Huynh C, Iburg K, Igumbor E, Ikeda C, Irvine C, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jassal S, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jeemon P, Jensen P, Jha V, Jiang G, John D, Johnson S, Johnson C, Jonas J, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kamal R, Kan H, Karam N, Karch A, Karema C, Kasaeian A, Kassa G, Kassaw N, Kassebaum N, Kastor A, Katikireddi S, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Keiyoro P, Kengne A, Keren A, Khader Y, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kiadaliri A, Kieling C, Kim Y, Kim D, Kim P, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimaki M, Knudsen A, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishnaswami S, Krohn K, Kumar G, Kumar P, Kumar S, Kyu H, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lambert N, Lan Q, Larsson A, Lavados P, Leasher J, Lee P, Lee J, Leigh J, Leshargie C, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Li Y, Kappe D, Liang X, Liben M, Lim S, Linn S, Liu P, Liu A, Liu S, Liu Y, Lodha R, Logroscino G, London S, Looker K, Lopez A, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Low N, Lozano R, Lucas T, Macarayan E, Razek H, Razek M, Mahdavi, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta D, Mamun A, Manguerra H, Manhertz T, Mantilla A, Mantovani L, Mapoma C, Marczak L, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo F, Martopullo I, März W, Mathur M, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGaughey M, McGrath J, McKee M, McNellan C, Mehata S, Mehndiratta M, Mekonnen T, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistie M, Mengistu D, Mensah G, Meretoja T, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Micha R, Millear A, Miller T, Mills E, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov E, Misganaw A, Mishra S, Mitchell P, Mohammad K, Mohammadi A, Mohammed K, Mohammed S, Mohanty S, Mokdad A, Mollenkopf S, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Mori R, Morozoff C, Morrison S, Moses M, Mountjoy-Venning C, Mruts K, Mueller U, Muller K, Murdoch M, Murthy G, Musa K, Nachega J, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Naidoo K, Naldi L, Nangia V, Natarajan G, Negasa D, Negoi R, Negoi I, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen T, Le Nguyen Q, Nguyen C, Nguyen G, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Ningrum D, Nolte S, Nong V, Norrving B, Noubiap J, O'Donnell M, Ogbo F, Oh I, Okoro A, Oladimeji O, Olagunju T, Olagunju A, Olsen H, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ong K, Opio J, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Osman M, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pacella R, Pana A, Panda B, Papachristou C, Park E, Parry C, Parsaeian M, Patten S, Patton G, Paulson K, Pearce N, Pereira D, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Peterson C, Petzold M, Phillips M, Pigott D, Pillay J, Pinho C, Plass D, Pletcher M, Popova S, Poulton R, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Prasad N, Prasad N, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Quansah R, Quintanilla B, Rabiee R, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Kumar R, Rajsic S, Ram U, Ranabhat C, Rankin Z, Rao P, Rao P, Rawaf S, Ray S, Reiner R, Reinig N, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Ribeiro A, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth G, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Ruhago G, Saadat S, Sadat N, Safdarian, Safi 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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 2017, 390: 1211-1259. PMID: 28919117, PMCID: PMC5605509, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAge DistributionAgedAged, 80 and overCause of DeathChildChild, PreschoolCommunicable DiseasesDisabled PersonsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedNoncommunicable DiseasesPrevalenceSex DistributionWounds and InjuriesYoung AdultConceptsAge-standardised YLD ratesAge-standardised ratesIron deficiency anemiaYLD ratesMajor depressive disorderSocio-demographic IndexGlobal burdenDepressive disorderNational InstituteTransparent Health Estimates ReportingBayesian meta-regression toolRisk Factors Study 2016Death rateCauses of YLDsDisMod-MR 2.1Highest age-standardised rateDisease Study 2016Low back painNon-communicable diseasesNon-fatal outcomesTrends of diseaseSubstance use disordersHealth system responseNon-fatal consequencesProduct of prevalence
2016
Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Collaborators G, Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber R, Bhutta Z, Carter A, Casey D, Charlson F, Chen A, Coates M, Coggeshall M, Dandona L, Dicker D, Erskine H, Ferrari A, Fitzmaurice C, Foreman K, Forouzanfar M, Fraser M, Fullman N, Gething P, Goldberg E, Graetz N, Haagsma J, Hay S, Huynh C, Johnson C, Kassebaum N, Kinfu Y, Kulikoff X, Kutz M, Kyu H, Larson H, Leung J, Liang X, Lim S, Lind M, Lozano R, Marquez N, Mensah G, Mikesell J, Mokdad A, Mooney M, Nguyen G, Nsoesie E, Pigott D, Pinho C, Roth G, Salomon J, Sandar L, Silpakit N, Sligar A, Sorensen R, Stanaway J, Steiner C, Teeple S, Thomas B, Troeger C, VanderZanden A, Vollset S, Wanga V, Whiteford H, Wolock T, Zoeckler L, Abate K, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abera S, Abreu D, Abu-Raddad L, Abyu G, Achoki T, Adelekan A, Ademi Z, Adou A, Adsuar J, Afanvi K, Afshin A, Agardh E, Agarwal A, Agrawal A, Kiadaliri A, Ajala O, Akanda A, Akinyemi R, Akinyemiju T, Akseer N, Al Lami F, Alabed S, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alasfoor D, Aldhahri S, Aldridge R, Alegretti M, Aleman A, Alemu Z, Alexander L, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Martin E, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Amegah A, Ameh E, Amini H, Ammar W, Amrock S, Andersen H, Anderson B, Anderson G, Antonio C, Aregay A, Ärnlöv J, Arsenijevic V, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Asghar R, Atique S, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Azzopardi P, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bahit M, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Barac A, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barregard L, Barrero L, Basu A, Basu S, Bayou Y, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Belay H, Bell B, Bell M, Bello A, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Beyene A, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Biadgilign S, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Biroscak B, Biryukov S, Bjertness E, Blore J, Blosser C, Bohensky M, Borschmann R, Bose D, Bourne R, Brainin M, Brayne C, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Brewer J, Brown A, Brown J, Brugha T, Buckle G, Butt Z, Calabria B, Campos-Nonato I, Campuzano J, Carapetis J, Cárdenas R, Carpenter D, Carrero J, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Rivas J, Catalá-López F, Cavalleri F, Cercy K, Cerda J, Chen W, Chew A, Chiang P, Chibalabala M, Chibueze C, Chimed-Ochir O, Chisumpa V, Choi J, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Christopher D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Cohen A, Colistro V, Colomar M, Colquhoun S, Cooper C, Cooper L, Cortinovis M, Cowie B, Crump J, Damsere-Derry J, Danawi H, Dandona R, Daoud F, Darby S, Dargan P, Neves J, Davey G, Davis A, Davitoiu D, de Castro E, de Jager P, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Deribew A, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Diaz-Torné C, Ding E, dos Santos K, Dossou E, Driscoll T, Duan L, Dubey M, Duncan B, Ellenbogen R, Ellingsen C, Elyazar I, Endries A, Ermakov S, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Faghmous I, Fahimi S, Faraon E, Farid T, Farinha C, Faro A, Farvid M, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Fernandes J, Fischer F, Fitchett J, Flaxman A, Foigt N, Fowkes F, Franca E, Franklin R, Friedman J, Frostad J, Fürst T, Futran N, Gall S, Gambashidze K, Gamkrelidze A, Ganguly P, Gankpé F, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot T, Gebremedhin A, Gebru A, Geleijnse J, Gessner B, Ghoshal A, Gibney K, Gillum R, Gilmour S, Giref A, Giroud M, Gishu M, Giussani G, Glaser E, Godwin W, Gomez-Dantes H, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani S, Gosselin R, Gotay C, Goto A, Gouda H, Greaves F, Gugnani H, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta V, Gutiérrez R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haile D, Hailu A, Hailu G, Halasa Y, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hancock J, Handal A, Hankey G, Hao Y, Harb H, Harikrishnan S, Haro J, Havmoeller R, Heckbert S, Heredia-Pi I, Heydarpour P, Hilderink H, Hoek H, Hogg R, Horino M, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hotez P, Hoy D, Hsairi M, Htet A, Htike M, Hu G, Huang C, Huang H, Huiart L, Husseini A, Huybrechts I, Huynh G, Iburg K, Innos K, Inoue M, Iyer V, Jacobs T, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, James P, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jayatilleke A, Jeemon P, Jensen P, Jha V, Jiang G, Jiang Y, Jibat T, Jimenez-Corona A, Jonas J, Joshi T, Kabir Z, Kamal R, Kan H, Kant S, Karch A, Karema C, Karimkhani C, Karletsos D, Karthikeyan G, Kasaeian A, Katibeh M, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kayibanda J, Keiyoro P, Kemmer L, Kemp A, Kengne A, Keren A, Kereselidze M, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khalil I, Khan A, Khan E, Khang Y, Khera S, Khoja T, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim Y, Kissela B, Kissoon N, Knibbs L, Knudsen A, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Krog N, Defo B, Bicer B, Kudom A, Kuipers E, Kulkarni V, Kumar G, Kwan G, Lal A, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lam H, Lam J, Langan S, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Laryea D, Latif A, Lawrynowicz A, Leigh J, Levi M, Li Y, Lindsay M, Lipshultz S, Liu P, Liu S, Liu Y, Lo L, Logroscino G, Lotufo P, Lucas R, Lunevicius R, Lyons R, Ma S, Machado V, Mackay M, MacLachlan J, Razek H, Magdy M, Razek A, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Manamo W, Mandisarisa J, Mangalam S, Mapoma C, Marcenes W, Margolis D, Martin G, Martinez-Raga J, Marzan M, Masiye F, Mason-Jones A, Massano J, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi B, McGarvey S, McGrath J, McKee M, McMahon B, Meaney P, Mehari A, Mehndiratta M, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Mekonnen A, Melaku Y, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mhimbira F, Micha R, Millear A, Miller T, Mirarefin M, Misganaw A, Mock C, Mohammad K, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Mohan V, Mola G, Monasta L, Hernandez J, Montero P, Montico M, Montine T, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morawska L, Morgan K, Mori R, Mozaffarian D, Mueller U, Murthy G, Murthy S, Musa K, Nachega J, Nagel G, Naidoo K, Naik N, Naldi L, Nangia V, Nash D, Nejjari C, Neupane S, Newton C, Newton J, Ng M, Ngalesoni F, de Dieu Ngirabega J, Le Nguyen Q, Nisar M, Pete P, Nomura M, Norheim O, Norman P, Norrving B, Nyakarahuka L, Ogbo F, Ohkubo T, Ojelabi F, Olivares P, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Opio J, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osman M, Ota E, Ozdemir R, Mahesh P, Pain A, Pandian J, Pant P, Papachristou C, Park E, Park J, Parry C, Parsaeian M, Caicedo A, Patten S, Patton G, Paul V, Pearce N, Pedro J, Stokic L, Pereira D, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Phillips M, Piel F, Pillay J, Plass D, Platts-Mills J, Polinder S, Pope C, Popova S, Poulton R, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Qorbani M, Quame-Amaglo J, Quistberg D, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman S, Kumar R, Rajavi Z, Rajsic S, Raju M, Rakovac I, Rana S, Ranabhat C, Rangaswamy T, Rao P, Rao S, Refaat A, Rehm J, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Resnikoff S, Ribeiro A, Ricci S, Blancas M, Roberts B, Roca A, Rojas-Rueda D, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Roy N, Ruhago G, Sagar R, Saha S, Sahathevan R, Saleh M, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Sanchez-Riera L, Santos I, Sarmiento-Suarez R, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Schaub M, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schöttker B, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Servan-Mori E, Shackelford K, Shaddick G, Shaheen A, Shahraz S, Shaikh M, Shakh-Nazarova M, Sharma R, She J, Sheikhbahaei S, Shen J, Shen Z, Shepard D, Sheth K, Shetty B, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shin M, Shiri R, Shiue I, Shrime M, Sigfusdottir I, Silberberg D, Silva D, Silveira D, Silverberg J, Simard E, Singh A, Singh G, Singh J, Singh O, Singh P, Singh V, Soneji S, Søreide K, Soriano J, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Stathopoulou V, Stein D, Stein M, Stranges S, Stroumpoulis K, Sunguya B, Sur P, Swaminathan S, Sykes B, Szoeke C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb K, Takahashi K, Takala J, Talongwa R, Tandon N, Tavakkoli M, Taye B, Taylor H, Ao B, Tedla B, Tefera W, Have M, Terkawi A, Tesfay F, Tessema G, Thomson A, Thorne-Lyman A, Thrift A, Thurston G, Tillmann T, Tirschwell D, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Towbin J, Traebert J, Tran B, Truelsen T, Trujillo U, Tura A, Tuzcu E, Uchendu U, Ukwaja K, Undurraga E, Uthman O, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Vasankari T, Vasconcelos A, Venketasubramanian N, Vidavalur R, Vijayakumar L, Villalpando S, Violante F, Vlassov V, Wagner J, Wagner G, Wallin M, Wang L, Watkins D, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Westerman R, White R, Wijeratne T, Wilkinson J, Williams H, Wiysonge C, Woldeyohannes S, Wolfe C, Won S, Wong J, Woolf A, Xavier D, Xiao Q, Xu G, Yakob B, Yalew A, Yan L, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Ye P, Yebyo H, Yip P, Yirsaw B, Yonemoto N, Yonga G, Younis M, Yu S, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zannad F, Zavala D, Zeeb H, Zeleke B, Zhang H, Zodpey S, Zonies D, Zuhlke L, Vos T, Lopez A, Murray C. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet 2016, 388: 1459-1544. PMID: 27733281, PMCID: PMC5388903, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2015
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition
Collaborators G, Murray CJ, Barber RM, Foreman KJ, Ozgoren A, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Aboyans V, Abraham JP, Abubakar I, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Achoki T, Ackerman IN, Ademi Z, Adou AK, Adsuar JC, Afshin A, Agardh EE, Alam SS, Alasfoor D, Albittar MI, Alegretti MA, Alemu ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho R, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alla F, Allebeck P, Almazroa MA, Alsharif U, Alvarez E, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare AT, Ameh EA, Amini H, Ammar W, Anderson HR, Anderson BO, Antonio CA, Anwari P, Arnlöv J, Arsenijevic V, Artaman A, Asghar RJ, Assadi R, Atkins LS, Avila MA, Awuah B, Bachman VF, Badawi A, Bahit MC, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Barker-Collo SL, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero LH, Basu A, Basu S, Basulaiman MO, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Bekele T, Bell ML, Benjet C, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Benzian H, Bernabé E, Bertozzi-Villa A, Beyene TJ, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhutta ZA, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Biryukov S, Blore JD, Blosser CD, Blyth FM, Bohensky MA, Bolliger IW, Başara B, Bornstein NM, Bose D, Boufous S, Bourne RR, Boyers LN, Brainin M, Brayne CE, Brazinova A, Breitborde NJ, Brenner H, Briggs AD, Brooks PM, Brown JC, Brugha TS, Buchbinder R, Buckle GC, Budke CM, Bulchis A, Bulloch AG, Campos-Nonato IR, Carabin H, Carapetis JR, Cárdenas R, Carpenter DO, Caso V, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castro RE, Catalá-López F, Cavalleri F, Çavlin A, Chadha VK, Chang JC, Charlson FJ, Chen H, Chen W, Chiang PP, Chimed-Ochir O, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Christophi CA, Cirillo M, Coates MM, Coffeng LE, Coggeshall MS, Colistro V, Colquhoun SM, Cooke GS, Cooper C, Cooper LT, Coppola LM, Cortinovis M, Criqui MH, Crump JA, Cuevas-Nasu L, Danawi H, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dansereau E, Dargan PI, Davey G, Davis A, Davitoiu DV, Dayama A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Dellavalle RP, Deribe K, Derrett S, Jarlais D, Dessalegn M, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani MK, Diaz-Torné C, Dicker D, Ding EL, Dokova K, Dorsey ER, Driscoll TR, Duan L, Duber HC, Ebel BE, Edmond KM, Elshrek YM, Endres M, Ermakov SP, Erskine HE, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Faraon EJ, Farzadfar F, Fay DF, Feigin VL, Felson DT, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes JG, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman AD, Fleming TD, Foigt N, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Paleo UF, Franklin RC, Fürst T, Gabbe B, Gaffikin L, Gankpé FG, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Gething P, Gibney KB, Giroud M, Giussani G, Dantes H, Gona P, González-Medina D, Gosselin RA, Gotay CC, Goto A, Gouda HN, Graetz N, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gutiérrez RA, Haagsma J, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hamadeh RR, Hamavid H, Hammami M, Hancock J, Hankey GJ, Hansen GM, Hao Y, Harb HL, Haro JM, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Hay RJ, Heredia-Pi IB, Heuton KR, Heydarpour P, Higashi H, Hijar M, Hoek HW, Hoffman HJ, Hosgood HD, Hossain M, Hotez PJ, Hoy DG, Hsairi M, Hu G, Huang C, Huang JJ, Husseini A, Huynh C, Iannarone ML, Iburg KM, Innos K, Inoue M, Islami F, Jacobsen KH, Jarvis DL, Jassal SK, Jee SH, Jeemon P, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jiang G, Jiang Y, Jonas JB, Juel K, Kan H, Karch A, Karema CK, Karimkhani C, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum NJ, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazanjan K, Kemp AH, Kengne AP, Keren A, Khader YS, Khalifa SE, Khan EA, Khan G, Khang YH, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim S, Kim Y, Kinfu Y, Kinge JM, Kivipelto M, Knibbs LD, Knudsen AK, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Krishnaswami S, Defo B, Bicer B, Kuipers EJ, Kulkarni C, Kulkarni VS, Kumar GA, Kyu HH, Lai T, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lam H, Lan Q, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Lawrynowicz AE, Leasher JL, Leigh J, Leung R, Levitz CE, Li B, Li Y, Li Y, Lim SS, Lind M, Lipshultz SE, Liu S, Liu Y, Lloyd BK, Lofgren KT, Logroscino G, Looker KJ, Lortet-Tieulent J, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lucas RM, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Ma S, Macintyre MF, Mackay MT, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Marcenes W, Margolis DJ, Margono C, Marzan MB, Masci JR, Mashal MT, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, Mazorodze TT, Mcgill NW, Mcgrath JJ, Mckee M, Mclain A, Meaney PA, Medina C, Mehndiratta MM, Mekonnen W, Melaku YA, Meltzer M, Memish ZA, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Mhimbira FA, 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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition. The Lancet 2015, 386: 2145-2191. PMID: 26321261, PMCID: PMC4673910, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61340-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisability-adjusted life yearsCauses of DALYsAge-standardised DALY ratesNon-communicable diseasesHealthy life expectancyNumber of DALYsLower respiratory infectionsDALY ratesSociodemographic statusEpidemiological transitionRespiratory infectionsLife expectancyCardiovascular diseaseCrude rateMusculoskeletal disordersNational disability-adjusted life yearsSpecific non-communicable diseasesTotal disability-adjusted life yearsGlobal disability-adjusted life yearsSum of YLLsIschemic heart diseaseCommon infectious diseasesChronic respiratory diseasesBurden of diseaseDisease Study 2013