E3 ubiquitin ligase GRAIL controls primary T cell activation and oral tolerance
Kriegel MA, Rathinam C, Flavell RA. E3 ubiquitin ligase GRAIL controls primary T cell activation and oral tolerance. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2009, 106: 16770-16775. PMID: 19805371, PMCID: PMC2757842, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908957106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary T cell activationOral toleranceT cellsT cell activationCell activationT helper 1 cellsAntigen-specific strategiesOrgan-specific autoimmunityExperimental allergic encephalitisT cell unresponsivenessElevated baseline levelsNaïve T cellsT cell anergySelf-reactive lymphocytesAnergic T cellsMechanism of actionMyelin basic proteinOral tolerizationSignificant hypersecretionMAP kinases ERK1/2Allergic encephalitisAnergic phenotypeCell unresponsivenessAnergic stateAutoimmune diseases