1999
Naloxone Challenge in Smokers: Preliminary Evidence of an Opioid Component in Nicotine Dependence
Krishnan-Sarin S, Rosen M, O'Malley S. Naloxone Challenge in Smokers: Preliminary Evidence of an Opioid Component in Nicotine Dependence. JAMA Psychiatry 1999, 56: 663-668. PMID: 10401515, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.663.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndogenous opioid systemOpioid systemNicotine dependenceOpiate-like withdrawalNicotine-dependent individualsDose-dependent increaseNicotine-dependent subjectsPreliminary evidenceOpioid componentAdrenal axisNaloxone challengeWithdrawal signsCortisol releaseNeuroendocrine parametersNicotine cravingCigarette smokeLong-term exposureCortisol levelsBaseline levelsLow dosesSubjective signsNaloxoneSmokersChallenge proceduresSymptoms
1995
Reliability of Sequential Naloxone Challenge Tests
Rosen M, McMahon T, Margolin A, Gill T, Woods S, Pearsall H, Kreek M, Kosten T. Reliability of Sequential Naloxone Challenge Tests. The American Journal Of Drug And Alcohol Abuse 1995, 21: 453-467. PMID: 8561097, DOI: 10.3109/00952999509002710.Peer-Reviewed Original Research