Cigarette Smoking and Musculoskeletal Pain Severity Among Male and Female Afghanistan/Iraq Era Veterans
Green KT, Wilson SM, Dennis PA, Runnals JJ, Williams RA, Bastian LA, Beckham JC, Dedert EA, Kudler HS, Straits-Tröster K, Gierisch JM, Calhoun PS. Cigarette Smoking and Musculoskeletal Pain Severity Among Male and Female Afghanistan/Iraq Era Veterans. Pain Medicine 2017, 18: 1795-1804. PMID: 28340108, PMCID: PMC6051440, DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw339.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSevere musculoskeletal painMusculoskeletal painCigarette smokingPain severityDepressive symptomsHealth care service utilizationEra veteransCigarette smoking statusMultivariate logistic regressionOperation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veteransPost-traumatic stress disorder symptomsMusculoskeletal pain severityHealth care needsSelf-reported race/ethnicityGender-based risk factorsOperation Iraqi Freedom veteransCurrent pain severityIraqi Freedom veteransRace/ethnicityVeteran smokersCurrent smokingFemale nonsmokersSmoking statusCigarette smokersRisk factors