2020
Choosing Anticonvulsant Medications to Manage Status Epilepticus
Wu K, Hirsch LJ, Babl FE, Josephson SA. Choosing Anticonvulsant Medications to Manage Status Epilepticus. New England Journal Of Medicine 2020, 382: 2569-2572. PMID: 32579819, DOI: 10.1056/nejmclde2004317.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2019
Comparison of intranasal midazolam versus intravenous lorazepam for seizure termination and prevention of seizure clusters in the adult epilepsy monitoring unit
Owusu KA, Dhakar MB, Bautista C, McKimmy D, Cotugno S, Sukumar N, Deng Y, Farooque P, Hirsch LJ, Maciel CB. Comparison of intranasal midazolam versus intravenous lorazepam for seizure termination and prevention of seizure clusters in the adult epilepsy monitoring unit. Epilepsy & Behavior 2019, 98: 161-167. PMID: 31374472, DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEpilepsy monitoring unitAdult epilepsy monitoring unitIntravenous lorazepamIntensive care unitIntranasal midazolamRescue therapySeizure clustersSeizure terminationSingle tertiary academic centerStandard rescue therapyDouble-blind studyTertiary academic centerIndex seizureAdverse eventsBaseline characteristicsConsecutive adultsMedian durationRetrospective cohortRecurrent seizuresStatus epilepticusCare unitRetrospective studyEpilepsy severityBenzodiazepine administrationMedian number
2013
High-dose midazolam infusion for refractory status epilepticus
Fernandez A, Lantigua H, Lesch C, Shao B, Foreman B, Schmidt JM, Hirsch LJ, Mayer SA, Claassen J. High-dose midazolam infusion for refractory status epilepticus. Neurology 2013, 82: 359-365. PMID: 24363133, PMCID: PMC3929199, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000054.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-dose groupRefractory status epilepticusLow-dose groupStatus epilepticusLower mortalityHigh-dose midazolam infusionLower seizure ratesStatus epilepticus onsetClass III evidenceLow-dose protocolHigher infusion ratesHospital complicationsHospital courseSeizure recurrenceBaseline characteristicsSeizure controlWithdrawal seizuresMedian timeDischarge mortalityMidazolam dosesMidazolam infusionSeizure rateWorse outcomesTreatment protocolInfusion rate
2012
Intramuscular versus Intravenous Benzodiazepines for Prehospital Treatment of Status Epilepticus
Hirsch LJ. Intramuscular versus Intravenous Benzodiazepines for Prehospital Treatment of Status Epilepticus. New England Journal Of Medicine 2012, 366: 659-660. PMID: 22335744, DOI: 10.1056/nejme1114206.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2002
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Dennis LJ, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Emerson RG, Connolly ES, Mayer SA. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2002, 51: 1136. PMID: 12383358, DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200211000-00006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNonconvulsive status epilepticusAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageSubarachnoid hemorrhageCEEG monitoringUnexplained comaNeurological deteriorationStatus epilepticusRefractory nonconvulsive status epilepticusNeurological intensive care unitProphylactic anticonvulsant therapyHours of hospitalizationContinuous electroencephalographic monitoringIntensive care unitAnticonvulsant administrationHospital seizuresAnticonvulsant therapyCerebral edemaClinical improvementHess gradeCare unitClinical featuresComatose patientsElectrographic seizuresVentricular drainageMidazolam therapyThe current state of treatment of status epilepticus
Hirsch LJ, Claassen J. The current state of treatment of status epilepticus. Current Neurology And Neuroscience Reports 2002, 2: 345-356. PMID: 12044254, DOI: 10.1007/s11910-002-0010-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStatus epilepticusRefractory status epilepticusConvulsive status epilepticusNonconvulsive status epilepticusCertain EEG patternsAmbulatory patientsConfusional stateIll patientsClinical trialsEarly treatmentAnesthetic agentsEpilepticusClinical careEEG patternsPatientsTreatmentElectroencephalogram (EEG) recordingsMidazolamPropofolDiagnosisTreatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus with Pentobarbital, Propofol, or Midazolam: A Systematic Review
Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Emerson RG, Mayer SA. Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus with Pentobarbital, Propofol, or Midazolam: A Systematic Review. Epilepsia 2002, 43: 146-153. PMID: 11903460, DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.28501.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRefractory status epilepticusEEG background suppressionTreatment of RSEContinuous EEG monitoringChoice of agentTitration goalsEEG monitoringSystematic reviewBreakthrough seizuresStatus epilepticusTreatment failureShort-term treatment failureFrequency of hypotensionImmediate treatment failureTitration of treatmentPercent of patientsUse of midazolamMain outcome measuresEfficacy of midazolamRSE patientsSE refractoryStandard AEDsAdult patientsAntiepileptic drugsPTB treatment