2020
METAP1 mutation is a novel candidate for autosomal recessive intellectual disability
Caglayan AO, Aktar F, Bilguvar K, Baranoski JF, Akgumus GT, Harmanci AS, Erson-Omay EZ, Yasuno K, Caksen H, Gunel M. METAP1 mutation is a novel candidate for autosomal recessive intellectual disability. Journal Of Human Genetics 2020, 66: 215-218. PMID: 32764695, PMCID: PMC7785574, DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0820-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEssential proteinsAutosomal recessive intellectual disabilityRecessive intellectual disabilityMethionine aminopeptidase 1Genomic analysisHomozygous nonsense mutationFunction mutationsNovel homozygous nonsense mutationNonsense mutationAminopeptidase 1Novel candidatesNeuronal functionMutationsMolecular pathogenesisProteinIntellectual disabilityGenome testingEukaryotesNovel etiologyMetAP1GenesNeurologic impairmentCommon diseasePathwayCells
2018
Loss of Protocadherin‐12 Leads to Diencephalic‐Mesencephalic Junction Dysplasia Syndrome
Guemez‐Gamboa A, Çağlayan AO, Stanley V, Gregor A, Zaki M, Saleem SN, Musaev D, McEvoy‐Venneri J, Belandres D, Akizu N, Silhavy JL, Schroth J, Rosti RO, Copeland B, Lewis SM, Fang R, Issa MY, Per H, Gumus H, Bayram AK, Kumandas S, Akgumus GT, Erson‐Omay E, Yasuno K, Bilguvar K, Heimer G, Pillar N, Shomron N, Weissglas‐Volkov D, Porat Y, Einhorn Y, Gabriel S, Ben‐Zeev B, Gunel M, Gleeson JG. Loss of Protocadherin‐12 Leads to Diencephalic‐Mesencephalic Junction Dysplasia Syndrome. Annals Of Neurology 2018, 84: 638-647. PMID: 30178464, PMCID: PMC6510237, DOI: 10.1002/ana.25327.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrainstem malformationDysplasia syndromeEndothelial cellsBiallelic mutationsAutosomal recessive malformationSuch pathogenic variantsCharacteristic clinical presentationPatient-derived induced pluripotent stem cellsWhite matter tractsAnn NeurolAppendicular spasticityBrain calcificationClinical presentationPoor outcomeAxial hypotoniaPsychomotor disabilityProgressive microcephalyTract defectsPathogenic variantsPhenotypic spectrumPatientsCraniofacial dysmorphismBrain imagingNeural precursorsProtein expressionGenotype–phenotype investigation of 35 patients from 11 unrelated families with camptodactyly–arthropathy–coxa vara–pericarditis (CACP) syndrome
Yilmaz S, Alkaya D, Kasapçopur Ö, Barut K, Akdemir ES, Celen C, Youngblood MW, Yasuno K, Bilguvar K, Günel M, Tüysüz B. Genotype–phenotype investigation of 35 patients from 11 unrelated families with camptodactyly–arthropathy–coxa vara–pericarditis (CACP) syndrome. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine 2018, 6: 230-248. PMID: 29397575, PMCID: PMC5902402, DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.364.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndromeCoxa varaCommon childhood rheumatic diseaseIncreased pain levelSevere hip involvementChildhood rheumatic diseasesJuvenile idiopathic arthritisDevelopmental coxa varaRare autosomal recessive conditionYears of ageUnrelated familiesWhole-exome sequencingAutosomal recessive conditionHip involvementIdiopathic arthritisMost patientsPain levelsRadiological findingsPleural effusionJoint involvementNoninflammatory arthropathyRheumatic diseasesNovel genomic alterationsFirst symptomsCACP syndrome
2017
Exome analysis of the evolutionary path of hepatocellular adenoma-carcinoma transition, vascular invasion and brain dissemination
Vilarinho S, Erson-Omay E, Mitchell-Richards K, Cha C, Nelson-Williams C, Harmancı AS, Yasuno K, Günel M, Taddei TH. Exome analysis of the evolutionary path of hepatocellular adenoma-carcinoma transition, vascular invasion and brain dissemination. Journal Of Hepatology 2017, 67: 186-191. PMID: 28323122, PMCID: PMC5497691, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdenoma-carcinoma transitionHepatocellular adenomaBrain metastasesHepatocellular carcinomaVascular invasionTumor thrombusCatenin beta 1Rare benign liver tumorMultifocal hepatic lesionsAcute abdominal painBenign liver tumorsPeripheral blood leucocytesSomatic mutationsWhole-exome sequencingParaffin-embedded samplesBrain disseminationAbdominal painLeft hepatectomyMajor complicationsLiver diseaseSpontaneous hemorrhageLeft lobeDisease progressionBlood leucocytesLiver tumorsLongitudinal analysis of treatment-induced genomic alterations in gliomas
Erson-Omay EZ, Henegariu O, Omay SB, Harmancı AS, Youngblood MW, Mishra-Gorur K, Li J, Özduman K, Carrión-Grant G, Clark VE, Çağlar C, Bakırcıoğlu M, Pamir MN, Tabar V, Vortmeyer AO, Bilguvar K, Yasuno K, DeAngelis LM, Baehring JM, Moliterno J, Günel M. Longitudinal analysis of treatment-induced genomic alterations in gliomas. Genome Medicine 2017, 9: 12. PMID: 28153049, PMCID: PMC5290635, DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0401-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntineoplastic AgentsChromosome AberrationsCombined Modality TherapyDisease ProgressionDNA Mismatch RepairDNA Mutational AnalysisDNA, NeoplasmExomeFemaleGeneral SurgeryGenome, HumanGenomicsGlioblastomaHumansImmunotherapyLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedMutationNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalPrecision MedicineRadiotherapyTreatment OutcomeConceptsWhole-exome sequencingMismatch repair deficiencyImmune checkpoint inhibitionMalignant brain tumorsMolecular changesLongitudinal analysisMedian survivalCheckpoint inhibitionSubsequent recurrenceMaximal resectionStandard treatmentBackgroundGlioblastoma multiformeBrain tumorsTumor-normal pairsFavorable responsePrimary GBMIndividual tumorsConclusionsOur studyPrecision therapyPersonalized treatmentGenomic profilingRepair deficiencyGenomic alterationsGenomic profilesTherapy
2016
Biallelic Mutations in Citron Kinase Link Mitotic Cytokinesis to Human Primary Microcephaly
Li H, Bielas SL, Zaki MS, Ismail S, Farfara D, Um K, Rosti RO, Scott EC, Tu S, C. NC, Gabriel S, Erson-Omay EZ, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Yasuno K, Çağlayan AO, Kaymakçalan H, Ekici B, Bilguvar K, Gunel M, Gleeson JG. Biallelic Mutations in Citron Kinase Link Mitotic Cytokinesis to Human Primary Microcephaly. American Journal Of Human Genetics 2016, 99: 501-510. PMID: 27453578, PMCID: PMC4974110, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.07.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInduced pluripotent stem cellsPrimary microcephalyHuman primary microcephalyAutosomal recessive primary microcephalyNon-progressive intellectual disabilityAmino acid residuesPluripotent stem cellsMitotic cytokinesisCellular functionsGenome editingCell divisionKinase domainAbnormal cytokinesisCRISPR/Homozygous missense mutationCytokinesisKinase activityMultipolar spindlesNeural progenitorsAcid residuesFunction mutationsMissense mutationsStem cellsMultiple rolesMutationsA patient with a novel homozygous missense mutation in FTO and concomitant nonsense mutation in CETP
Çağlayan AO, Tüysüz B, Coşkun S, Quon J, Harmancı AS, Baranoski JF, Baran B, Erson-Omay EZ, Henegariu O, Mane SM, Bilgüvar K, Yasuno K, Günel M. A patient with a novel homozygous missense mutation in FTO and concomitant nonsense mutation in CETP. Journal Of Human Genetics 2016, 61: 395-403. PMID: 26740239, PMCID: PMC4880488, DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.160.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTOApoptosisBiopsyChild, PreschoolCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsComputational BiologyConsanguinityDNA Copy Number VariationsDNA Mutational AnalysisExomeFemaleGene ExpressionGene Expression ProfilingGenetic Association StudiesGenotypeHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHomozygoteHumansMutation, MissensePhenotypeTranscriptome
2015
Whole‐exome sequencing defines the mutational landscape of pheochromocytoma and identifies KMT2D as a recurrently mutated gene
Juhlin CC, Stenman A, Haglund F, Clark VE, Brown TC, Baranoski J, Bilguvar K, Goh G, Welander J, Svahn F, Rubinstein JC, Caramuta S, Yasuno K, Günel M, Bäckdahl M, Gimm O, Söderkvist P, Prasad ML, Korah R, Lifton RP, Carling T. Whole‐exome sequencing defines the mutational landscape of pheochromocytoma and identifies KMT2D as a recurrently mutated gene. Genes Chromosomes And Cancer 2015, 54: 542-554. PMID: 26032282, PMCID: PMC4755142, DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22267.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2014
NGLY1 mutation causes neuromotor impairment, intellectual disability, and neuropathy
Caglayan AO, Comu S, Baranoski JF, Parman Y, Kaymakçalan H, Akgumus GT, Caglar C, Dolen D, Erson-Omay EZ, Harmanci AS, Mishra-Gorur K, Freeze HH, Yasuno K, Bilguvar K, Gunel M. NGLY1 mutation causes neuromotor impairment, intellectual disability, and neuropathy. European Journal Of Medical Genetics 2014, 58: 39-43. PMID: 25220016, PMCID: PMC4804755, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.08.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsN-glycanase 1Proteasome-mediated degradationConserved enzymeFrame-shift mutationApparent intellectual disabilityBase pair deletionNeuromotor impairmentNovel homozygous frame-shift mutationHomozygous frame-shift mutationNeuronal cellsPair deletionAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisIntellectual disabilityMutationsProteinNeurological functionCorneal opacityNeurologic diseaseLateral sclerosisParkinson's diseaseProgressive lossDiseaseCytoplasmImpairmentDeletionBrain Malformations Associated With Knobloch Syndrome—Review of Literature, Expanding Clinical Spectrum, and Identification of Novel Mutations
Caglayan AO, Baranoski JF, Aktar F, Han W, Tuysuz B, Guzel A, Guclu B, Kaymakcalan H, Aktekin B, Akgumus GT, Murray PB, Erson-Omay EZ, Caglar C, Bakircioglu M, Sakalar YB, Guzel E, Demir N, Tuncer O, Senturk S, Ekici B, Minja FJ, Šestan N, Yasuno K, Bilguvar K, Caksen H, Gunel M. Brain Malformations Associated With Knobloch Syndrome—Review of Literature, Expanding Clinical Spectrum, and Identification of Novel Mutations. Pediatric Neurology 2014, 51: 806-813.e8. PMID: 25456301, PMCID: PMC5056964, DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.08.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain malformationsKnobloch syndromeCentral nervous system malformationsExpanding Clinical SpectrumStructural brain abnormalitiesStructural brain malformationsNervous system malformationsHuman cerebral cortexHuman cortical developmentWhole-exome sequencingConfirmatory Sanger sequencingCase seriesClinical presentationCerebral cortexClinical spectrumBrain abnormalitiesOcular abnormalitiesSystem malformationsClinical utilityCortical developmentImmunohistochemical analysisRare diseaseCOL18A1 mutationsBrain developmentPatientsPaediatric hepatocellular carcinoma due to somatic CTNNB1 and NFE2L2 mutations in the setting of inherited bi-allelic ABCB11 mutations
Vilarinho S, Erson-Omay EZ, Harmanci AS, Morotti R, Carrion-Grant G, Baranoski J, Knisely AS, Ekong U, Emre S, Yasuno K, Bilguvar K, Günel M. Paediatric hepatocellular carcinoma due to somatic CTNNB1 and NFE2L2 mutations in the setting of inherited bi-allelic ABCB11 mutations. Journal Of Hepatology 2014, 61: 1178-1183. PMID: 25016225, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11ATP-Binding Cassette TransportersBase SequenceBeta CateninCarcinoma, HepatocellularCholestasis, IntrahepaticDNA, NeoplasmFemaleGerm-Line MutationHumansInfantLiver NeoplasmsMolecular Sequence DataMutationMutation, MissenseNF-E2-Related Factor 2Sequence Homology, Amino AcidConceptsBile salt export pumpWhole-exome sequencingHepatocellular carcinomaMonths of ageNFE2L2 mutationsABCB11 mutationsSomatic CTNNB1Background liver parenchymaPediatric hepatocellular carcinomaNew onsetSomatic driver mutationsBSEP expressionLiver parenchymaHCC tissuesHepatocellular carcinogenesisWES analysisExport pumpDriver mutationsCTNNB1 mutationsExome sequencingChild's diagnosisClonality analysisGermline DNAPossible genetic basisEarly childhoodCLP1 Founder Mutation Links tRNA Splicing and Maturation to Cerebellar Development and Neurodegeneration
Schaffer AE, Eggens VR, Caglayan AO, Reuter MS, Scott E, Coufal NG, Silhavy JL, Xue Y, Kayserili H, Yasuno K, Rosti RO, Abdellateef M, Caglar C, Kasher PR, Cazemier JL, Weterman MA, Cantagrel V, Cai N, Zweier C, Altunoglu U, Satkin NB, Aktar F, Tuysuz B, Yalcinkaya C, Caksen H, Bilguvar K, Fu XD, Trotta CR, Gabriel S, Reis A, Gunel M, Baas F, Gleeson JG. CLP1 Founder Mutation Links tRNA Splicing and Maturation to Cerebellar Development and Neurodegeneration. Cell 2014, 157: 651-663. PMID: 24766810, PMCID: PMC4128918, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.049.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPre-tRNA cleavagePolyadenylation factor INull zebrafishTRNA splicingMultifunctional kinaseTRNA maturationMature tRNAEndonuclease complexMutant proteinsKinase activityOxidative stress-induced reductionInduced neuronsNeuronal developmentCell survivalIndependent pedigreesPatient cellsConsanguineous familyCerebellar neurodegenerationTRNACerebellar developmentNeurodegenerative diseasesMaturationNeurodegenerationStress-induced reductionFactor I
2013
Genomic Analysis of Non-NF2 Meningiomas Reveals Mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO
Clark VE, Erson-Omay EZ, Serin A, Yin J, Cotney J, Özduman K, Avşar T, Li J, Murray PB, Henegariu O, Yilmaz S, Günel JM, Carrión-Grant G, Yılmaz B, Grady C, Tanrıkulu B, Bakırcıoğlu M, Kaymakçalan H, Caglayan AO, Sencar L, Ceyhun E, Atik AF, Bayri Y, Bai H, Kolb LE, Hebert RM, Omay SB, Mishra-Gorur K, Choi M, Overton JD, Holland EC, Mane S, State MW, Bilgüvar K, Baehring JM, Gutin PH, Piepmeier JM, Vortmeyer A, Brennan CW, Pamir MN, Kılıç T, Lifton RP, Noonan JP, Yasuno K, Günel M. Genomic Analysis of Non-NF2 Meningiomas Reveals Mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO. Science 2013, 339: 1077-1080. PMID: 23348505, PMCID: PMC4808587, DOI: 10.1126/science.1233009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBrain NeoplasmsChromosomes, Human, Pair 22DNA Mutational AnalysisFemaleGenes, Neurofibromatosis 2Genomic InstabilityGenomicsHumansKruppel-Like Factor 4Kruppel-Like Transcription FactorsMaleMeningeal NeoplasmsMeningiomaMiddle AgedMutationNeoplasm GradingProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledSmoothened ReceptorTumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins
2010
Whole-exome sequencing identifies recessive WDR62 mutations in severe brain malformations
Bilgüvar K, Öztürk A, Louvi A, Kwan KY, Choi M, Tatlı B, Yalnızoğlu D, Tüysüz B, Çağlayan A, Gökben S, Kaymakçalan H, Barak T, Bakırcıoğlu M, Yasuno K, Ho W, Sanders S, Zhu Y, Yılmaz S, Dinçer A, Johnson MH, Bronen RA, Koçer N, Per H, Mane S, Pamir MN, Yalçınkaya C, Kumandaş S, Topçu M, Özmen M, Šestan N, Lifton RP, State MW, Günel M. Whole-exome sequencing identifies recessive WDR62 mutations in severe brain malformations. Nature 2010, 467: 207-210. PMID: 20729831, PMCID: PMC3129007, DOI: 10.1038/nature09327.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAbnormal cortical developmentWD repeat domain 62 (WDR62) geneSevere brain malformationsWhole-exome sequencingBrain abnormalitiesBrain malformationsCortical developmentMolecular pathogenesisCerebellar hypoplasiaWDR62 mutationsEmbryonic neurogenesisDiagnostic classificationMicrocephaly genesSmall family sizeGenetic heterogeneityWide spectrumRecessive mutationsPachygyriaPathogenesisHypoplasiaNeocortexNeurogenesisAbnormalitiesMalformationsMutationsGenome-wide association study to identify genetic variants present in Japanese patients harboring intracranial aneurysms
Akiyama K, Narita A, Nakaoka H, Cui T, Takahashi T, Yasuno K, Tajima A, Krischek B, Yamamoto K, Kasuya H, Hata A, Inoue I. Genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants present in Japanese patients harboring intracranial aneurysms. Journal Of Human Genetics 2010, 55: 656-661. PMID: 20613766, DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.82.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSingle nucleotide polymorphismsGenome-wide single nucleotide polymorphismsAssociation studiesSusceptibility lociGenome-wide association studiesGenetic susceptibility lociActin remodelingSusceptibility genesGenetic effectsGenetic variantsNucleotide polymorphismsLociJapanese populationCase-control subjectsGenesPathwayPolymorphismPopulationRemodelingFurther investigationSex effectsVariantsL-Histidine Decarboxylase and Tourette's Syndrome
Ercan-Sencicek AG, Stillman AA, Ghosh AK, Bilguvar K, O'Roak BJ, Mason CE, Abbott T, Gupta A, King RA, Pauls DL, Tischfield JA, Heiman GA, Singer HS, Gilbert DL, Hoekstra PJ, Morgan TM, Loring E, Yasuno K, Fernandez T, Sanders S, Louvi A, Cho JH, Mane S, Colangelo CM, Biederer T, Lifton RP, Gunel M, State MW. L-Histidine Decarboxylase and Tourette's Syndrome. New England Journal Of Medicine 2010, 362: 1901-1908. PMID: 20445167, PMCID: PMC2894694, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0907006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRare functional mutationsL-histidine decarboxylaseRate-limiting enzymeHDC geneTwo-generation pedigreeFunctional mutationsStrong genetic contributionHistamine biosynthesisAnalysis of linkageGenetic contributionModel systemRisk allelesDevelopmental neuropsychiatric disordersDecarboxylaseBiosynthesisGenesTourette syndromeMutationsAllelesEnzymeInheritanceNeuropsychiatric disordersPedigreeGenome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysm identifies three new risk loci
Yasuno K, Bilguvar K, Bijlenga P, Low SK, Krischek B, Auburger G, Simon M, Krex D, Arlier Z, Nayak N, Ruigrok YM, Niemelä M, Tajima A, von und zu Fraunberg M, Dóczi T, Wirjatijasa F, Hata A, Blasco J, Oszvald A, Kasuya H, Zilani G, Schoch B, Singh P, Stüer C, Risselada R, Beck J, Sola T, Ricciardi F, Aromaa A, Illig T, Schreiber S, van Duijn CM, van den Berg LH, Perret C, Proust C, Roder C, Ozturk AK, Gaál E, Berg D, Geisen C, Friedrich CM, Summers P, Frangi AF, State MW, Wichmann HE, Breteler MM, Wijmenga C, Mane S, Peltonen L, Elio V, Sturkenboom MC, Lawford P, Byrne J, Macho J, Sandalcioglu EI, Meyer B, Raabe A, Steinmetz H, Rüfenacht D, Jääskeläinen JE, Hernesniemi J, Rinkel GJ, Zembutsu H, Inoue I, Palotie A, Cambien F, Nakamura Y, Lifton RP, Günel M. Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysm identifies three new risk loci. Nature Genetics 2010, 42: 420-425. PMID: 20364137, PMCID: PMC2861730, DOI: 10.1038/ng.563.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2009
The syndrome of pachygyria, mental retardation, and arachnoid cysts maps to 11p15
Bilguvar K, Ozturk AK, Bayrakli F, Guzel A, DiLuna ML, Bayri Y, Tatli M, Tekes S, Arlier Z, Yasuno K, Mason CE, Lifton RP, State MW, Gunel M. The syndrome of pachygyria, mental retardation, and arachnoid cysts maps to 11p15. American Journal Of Medical Genetics Part A 2009, 149A: 2569-2572. PMID: 19876906, DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33063.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAbnormalities, MultipleArachnoid CystsBlood Specimen CollectionChromosome MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 11DNADNA Copy Number VariationsFamilyFemaleGenome, HumanGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHomozygoteHumansIntellectual DisabilityLissencephalyLod ScoreMalePedigreePhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideSyndrome
2007
Refinement of a locus for autosomal dominant hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with proximal dominancy (HMSN-P) and genetic heterogeneity
Maeda K, Kaji R, Yasuno K, Jambaldorj J, Nodera H, Takashima H, Nakagawa M, Makino S, Tamiya G. Refinement of a locus for autosomal dominant hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with proximal dominancy (HMSN-P) and genetic heterogeneity. Journal Of Human Genetics 2007, 52: 907-914. PMID: 17906970, DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0193-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchReduced Neuron-Specific Expression of the TAF1 Gene Is Associated with X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism
Makino S, Kaji R, Ando S, Tomizawa M, Yasuno K, Goto S, Matsumoto S, Tabuena M, Maranon E, Dantes M, Lee LV, Ogasawara K, Tooyama I, Akatsu H, Nishimura M, Tamiya. Reduced Neuron-Specific Expression of the TAF1 Gene Is Associated with X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism. American Journal Of Human Genetics 2007, 80: 393-406. PMID: 17273961, PMCID: PMC1821114, DOI: 10.1086/512129.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAlu ElementsBlotting, NorthernCase-Control StudiesChromosomes, Human, XDNADown-RegulationDystoniaFemaleGenes, X-LinkedGenetic Diseases, X-LinkedHistone AcetyltransferasesHumansImmunoenzyme TechniquesMaleMiddle AgedMolecular Sequence DataNeuronsParkinsonian DisordersPedigreeRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, MessengerTandem Repeat SequencesTATA BoxTATA-Binding Protein Associated FactorsTranscription Factor TFIIDConceptsNeuron-specific expressionDystonia-parkinsonismTAF1 geneDopamine receptor D2 geneMovement disordersCaudate nucleusBrain tissueDecreased expressionAbnormal patternsGenomic sequencing analysisFactor 1 geneExpression levelsCausative genesCaudateSVA retrotransposon insertionD2 geneSequencing analysis