2020
CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel
Yadav G, Fabiano L, Soh L, Zimmerman J, Sen R, Seider W. CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel. AIChE Journal 2020, 67 DOI: 10.1002/aic.16992.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBiodiesel processAlgae oil extractionOil extractionCO 2 sequestrationPrice of biodieselForm of microbubblesLipid-extracted biomassProcess intensificationCarbon dioxideLower energy returnHigh installationTransesterification reaction rateAlgae cell wallsIntermediate pressureCO 2Energy costEnergy returnLow temperatureReaction rateTriglyceride phaseDioxideHigh costNondestructive natureMethanol phaseBiodiesel
2019
Mono- and poly-unsaturated triacylglycerol fractionation from Chlorella sp. using supercritical carbon dioxide
Kwan T, Zimmerman J. Mono- and poly-unsaturated triacylglycerol fractionation from Chlorella sp. using supercritical carbon dioxide. Algal Research 2019, 43: 101644. DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101644.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2018
Carbon Dioxide Mediated Transesterification of Mixed Triacylglyceride Substrates
Soh L, Lane M, Xiang J, Kwan T, Zimmerman J. Carbon Dioxide Mediated Transesterification of Mixed Triacylglyceride Substrates. Energy & Fuels 2018, 32: 9624-9632. DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02207.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChain lengthAcid heterogeneous catalystAlkyl chain lengthPresence of waterOil feedstockHeterogeneous catalystsSelective conversionVegetable oil feedstockChain degreeConversion processFatty acid alkyl estersFast kineticsFAME formationReaction kineticsDegree of unsaturationAlkyl estersSingle free fatty acidsTG conversionMixed systemFinal productFeedstock conversionSelect applicationsReactionCarbon dioxideMethyl palmitateProcess Intensification of Algae Oil Extraction to Biodiesel
Yadav G, Seider W, Soh L, Zimmerman J. Process Intensification of Algae Oil Extraction to Biodiesel. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering 2018, 44: 1699-1704. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64241-7.50278-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAlgae oil extractionBiodiesel production rateCarbon dioxideLiquid fuel sourcesMultiphase equilibrium calculationsFlue gasProcess intensificationLiquid fuelsTransesterification reaction rateAlgae cell wallsFuel sourcePhase distributionOil extractionIntermediate pressureKinetic modelAlgae oilNew experimental dataDetailed modelEquilibrium calculationsExperimental dataExtended kinetic modelProduction rateLow temperatureDioxideReaction rate
2016
Simultaneous Extraction, Fractionation, and Enrichment of Microalgal Triacylglyerides by Exploiting the Tunability of Neat Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Kwan T, Tu Q, Zimmerman J. Simultaneous Extraction, Fractionation, and Enrichment of Microalgal Triacylglyerides by Exploiting the Tunability of Neat Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2016, 4: 6222-6230. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02214.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2015
Role of CO2 in Mass Transfer, Reaction Kinetics, and Interphase Partitioning for the Transesterification of Triolein in an Expanded Methanol System with Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst
Soh L, Chen C, Kwan T, Zimmerman J. Role of CO2 in Mass Transfer, Reaction Kinetics, and Interphase Partitioning for the Transesterification of Triolein in an Expanded Methanol System with Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2015, 3: 2669-2677. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00472.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTransesterification of triglyceridesMass transferReaction kineticsHeterogeneous acid catalystFatty acid methyl esters productionFast reaction kineticsMass transfer limitationsMethyl ester productionInitial reaction rate constantsTransesterification of trioleinTransfer limitationsMethanol systemSystem conditionsCatalyst characteristicsCatalyst surfaceOrder kineticsReaction rate constantsAcid catalystCarbon dioxideRole of CO2Intermediate productsCO2Reaction rateTransesterificationKinetics
2013
Effect of System Conditions for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification Using Carbon Dioxide–Methanol Mixtures in the Presence of a Heterogeneous Catalyst
Soh L, Curry J, Beckman E, Zimmerman J. Effect of System Conditions for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification Using Carbon Dioxide–Methanol Mixtures in the Presence of a Heterogeneous Catalyst. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2013, 2: 387-395. DOI: 10.1021/sc400349g.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSystem phase behaviorThree-phase systemCarbon dioxide-methanol mixturesPhase behaviorMass transferBiodiesel productionMethanol loadingHeterogeneous catalystsSystem conditionsMixed carbon dioxideComplete yieldModerate pressuresCloud-point curvesTernary systemCarbon dioxidePoint curveMethanol systemTemperatureNafion NR50LoadingCatalystBehaviorSystemConditionsPressure
2011
Biodiesel production: the potential of algal lipids extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide
Soh L, Zimmerman J. Biodiesel production: the potential of algal lipids extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. Green Chemistry 2011, 13: 1422-1429. DOI: 10.1039/c1gc15068e.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAlgal lipid extractionFAME profilesLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometryMicroalgae speciesAlgal lipidsFatty acid methyl estersAlgaeBead beatingScenedesmus dimorphusAlgal harvestingSustainable productionPigmentsLipidsLipid extractionSpeciesDimorphusChromatography-mass spectrometryPhospholipidsCellsCarbon dioxide