Featured Publications
Endothelial Cell-Pericyte Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCMs).
Min W, Zhou JH. Endothelial Cell-Pericyte Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCMs). Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives In Medicine 2022, 13: a041188. PMID: 35667709, PMCID: PMC9760308, DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041188.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebral cavernous malformationsCCM lesionsEndothelial cellsCavernous malformationsEndothelial cell-pericyte interactionsEC-specific deletionBrain vasculatureMice resultsLesion formationParenchymal cellsCCM formationLesionsPericytesPrimary defectFunction mutationsMalformationsUnexpected findingCell typesUbiquitous expressionCellsPatientsEndothelial exocytosis of angiopoietin-2 resulting from CCM3 deficiency contributes to cerebral cavernous malformation
Zhou HJ, Qin L, Zhang H, Tang W, Ji W, He Y, Liang X, Wang Z, Yuan Q, Vortmeyer A, Toomre D, Fuh G, Yan M, Kluger MS, Wu D, Min W. Endothelial exocytosis of angiopoietin-2 resulting from CCM3 deficiency contributes to cerebral cavernous malformation. Nature Medicine 2016, 22: 1033-1042. PMID: 27548575, PMCID: PMC5014607, DOI: 10.1038/nm.4169.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiopoietin-1Angiopoietin-2AnimalsApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsBrainEndothelium, VascularEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayExocytosisFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGene Expression ProfilingHemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous SystemHumansIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMembrane ProteinsMiceNerve Tissue ProteinsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor, TIE-2Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 3Mitochondrial dysfunction induces ALK5-SMAD2-mediated hypovascularization and arteriovenous malformations in mouse retinas
Zhang H, Li B, Huang Q, López-Giráldez F, Tanaka Y, Lin Q, Mehta S, Wang G, Graham M, Liu X, Park I, Eichmann A, Min W, Zhou J. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces ALK5-SMAD2-mediated hypovascularization and arteriovenous malformations in mouse retinas. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 7637. PMID: 36496409, PMCID: PMC9741628, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35262-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMitochondrial dysfunctionThioredoxin 2Single-cell RNA-seq analysisRNA-seq analysisMutant miceNuclear genesMitochondrial proteinsMitochondrial localizationHuman retinal diseasesTranscriptional factorsGene expressionMutant retinasMitochondrial activityExtracellular matrixNovel mechanismVascular maturationArteriovenous malformationsGenetic deficiencyVessel growthSmad2Mouse retinaVascular malformationsMechanistic studiesBasement membraneRetinal vascular malformationsThioredoxin-2 Inhibits Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Apoptosis Stress Kinase-1 Activity to Maintain Cardiac Function
Huang Q, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Huang Y, Hinojosa-Kirschenbaum F, Fan P, Yao L, Belardinelli L, Tellides G, Giordano FJ, Budas GR, Min W. Thioredoxin-2 Inhibits Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Apoptosis Stress Kinase-1 Activity to Maintain Cardiac Function. Circulation 2015, 131: 1082-1097. PMID: 25628390, PMCID: PMC4374031, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012725.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMitochondrial reactive oxygen species generationReactive oxygen species generationOxygen species generationASK1-dependent apoptosisMitochondrial reactive oxygen species productionPhosphorylation/activityKey mitochondrial proteinsSpecies generationMitochondrial membrane depolarizationKinase 1 activityMitochondrial proteinsReactive oxygen species productionCellular redoxMitochondrial Trx2Inhibition of ASK1Apoptotic signalingOxygen species productionThioredoxin 2Protein expression levelsKinase 1ATP productionASK1 inhibitionKnockout miceMitochondrial ultrastructureASK1 inhibitorsAIP1 Mediates Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Receptor-3–Dependent Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Responses
Zhou HJ, Chen X, Huang Q, Liu R, Zhang H, Wang Y, Jin Y, Liang X, Lu L, Xu Z, Min W. AIP1 Mediates Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Receptor-3–Dependent Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Responses. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2014, 34: 603-615. PMID: 24407031, PMCID: PMC3952062, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.303053.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAnimalsCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedCorneaEndocytosisEndothelial CellsEndothelium, VascularEye ProteinsGuanylate KinasesHumansLymphangiogenesisMiceMice, KnockoutMicroRNAsNeuronsRas GTPase-Activating ProteinsReceptors, NotchRecombinant ProteinsRetinal NeovascularizationRNA InterferenceRNA, Small InterferingVascular Endothelial Growth Factor CVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3ConceptsLymphatic endothelial cellsASK1-interacting protein-1VEGFR-3 signalingHuman lymphatic endothelial cellsVEGFR-3Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptorEndothelial cellsReduced expressionDevelopmental lymphangiogenesisScaffold proteinAIP1 functionsGrowth factor receptorLymphangiogenic signalingNovel functionVEGFR-2 activityRNA knockdownCell growth factor receptorLymphangiogenic responseSimilar defectsFirst insightProtein 1Vascular endothelial cellsPathological angiogenesisSpecific deletionFactor receptor
2024
SRF SUMOylation modulates smooth muscle phenotypic switch and vascular remodeling
Xu Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Pober J, Zhou M, Zhou J, Min W. SRF SUMOylation modulates smooth muscle phenotypic switch and vascular remodeling. Nature Communications 2024, 15: 6919. PMID: 39134547, PMCID: PMC11319592, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51350-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVascular smooth muscle cellsSerum response factorCardiovascular diseaseVSMC synthetic phenotypeVascular remodelingNeointimal formationSENP1 deficiencySerum response factor activitySmooth muscle phenotypic switchingPhenotypic switchingPathogenesis of cardiovascular diseaseSmooth muscle cellsPost-translational SUMOylationTreatment of cardiovascular diseasesInhibitor AZD6244Phospho-ELK1Increased nuclear accumulationLysosomal localizationGene transcriptionNuclear accumulationMuscle cellsCoronary arteryCVD patientsVSMC phenotypic switchTherapeutic potential
2022
Brown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistance
Huang Y, Zhou JH, Zhang H, Canfrán-Duque A, Singh AK, Perry RJ, Shulman G, Fernandez-Hernando C, Min W. Brown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistance. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2022, 132 PMID: 35202005, PMCID: PMC9057632, DOI: 10.1172/jci148852.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrown adipose tissueBAT inflammationInsulin resistanceMitochondrial reactive oxygen speciesReactive oxygen speciesAberrant innate immune responsesDiet-induced insulin resistanceSystematic metabolismDiet-induced obesityNLRP3 inflammasome pathwayWhole-body energy metabolismCGAS/STINGInnate immune responseFatty acid oxidationExcessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen speciesMetabolic benefitsImmune responseInflammasome pathwayAdipose tissueInflammationInhibition reversesLipid uptakeLipid metabolismThioredoxin 2Adaptive thermogenesis
2019
Short AIP1 (ASK1-Interacting Protein-1) Isoform Localizes to the Mitochondria and Promotes Vascular Dysfunction
Li Z, Li L, Zhang H, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Min W. Short AIP1 (ASK1-Interacting Protein-1) Isoform Localizes to the Mitochondria and Promotes Vascular Dysfunction. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2019, 40: 112-127. PMID: 31619063, PMCID: PMC7204498, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312976.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAorta, ThoracicApoptosisArteriosclerosisBlotting, WesternCells, CulturedDisease Models, AnimalDNAEndothelium, VascularGene Expression RegulationGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicMicroscopy, FluorescenceMitochondriaRas GTPase-Activating ProteinsSignal TransductionConceptsN-terminal pleckstrin homology domainHuman genome-wide association studiesGenome-wide association studiesPleckstrin homology domainMitochondrial reactive oxygen species generationEndothelial cellsH3K9 trimethylationHomology domainReactive oxygen species productionOxygen species productionReactive oxygen speciesReactive oxygen species generationAssociation studiesRegulatory factorsEpigenetic inhibitionEC activationOxygen species generationDependent pathwayVascular endothelial cellsProteolytic degradationSpecies productionOxygen speciesVascular homeostasisMitochondriaSpecies generationCD34+KLF4+ Stromal Stem Cells Contribute to Endometrial Regeneration and Repair
Yin M, Zhou HJ, Lin C, Long L, Yang X, Zhang H, Taylor H, Min W. CD34+KLF4+ Stromal Stem Cells Contribute to Endometrial Regeneration and Repair. Cell Reports 2019, 27: 2709-2724.e3. PMID: 31141693, PMCID: PMC6548470, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.088.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndometrial regenerationEndometrial epitheliumStem cellsLocal stem cellsEndometrial repairHuman endometriumUterine hyperplasiaStromal stem cellsCD34Regenerative capacitySM22αEpitheliumCellsProliferative signalingTranscriptional activityRepairKLF4EndometriumHyperplasiaERαProtein SUMOylationRegeneration modelMice
2017
ASK1-dependent endothelial cell activation is critical in ovarian cancer growth and metastasis
Yin M, Zhou HJ, Zhang J, Lin C, Li H, Li X, Li Y, Zhang H, Breckenridge DG, Ji W, Min W. ASK1-dependent endothelial cell activation is critical in ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. JCI Insight 2017, 2: e91828. PMID: 28931753, PMCID: PMC5621912, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91828.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTumor-associated macrophagesOvarian cancer growthOvarian cancerTranscoelomic metastasisCancer growthTumor growthOrthotopic ovarian cancer modelPeritoneal tumor growthInflammation-mediated tumorigenesisOvarian cancer modelEndothelial cell activationJunction protein VE-cadherinOvarian cancer progressionTAM infiltrationMacrophage infiltrationVascular leakageMacrophage transmigrationVascular permeabilityMouse modelVascular endotheliumMetastasis cancerTherapeutic targetMacrophage activationColon cancerCancer model
2016
Tumor-associated macrophages drive spheroid formation during early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer
Yin M, Li X, Tan S, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Bellone S, Xu X, Zhang H, Santin AD, Lou G, Min W. Tumor-associated macrophages drive spheroid formation during early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2016, 126: 4157-4173. PMID: 27721235, PMCID: PMC5096908, DOI: 10.1172/jci87252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsErbB ReceptorsFemaleHeterograftsHumansIntercellular Adhesion Molecule-1Macrophage-1 AntigenMacrophagesMiceMice, NudeNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasm ProteinsNeoplasm TransplantationOvarian NeoplasmsSpheroids, CellularVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1ConceptsTumor-associated macrophagesOvarian cancerTranscoelomic metastasisTumor cellsICAM-1Mouse modelEpithelial ovarian cancerOvarian cancer growthOvarian cancer metastasisSpheroid formationOvarian cancer progressionVEGF/VEGFRTumor cell proliferationPharmacological blockadeMetastatic cancerColon cancerCancer growthMetastasisAntibody neutralizationTumor growthCancerClinical pathologyCancer metastasisCancer progressionΑMβ2 integrin
2015
SENP1-mediated NEMO deSUMOylation in adipocytes limits inflammatory responses and type-1 diabetes progression
Shao L, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Qin L, Hwa J, Yun Z, Ji W, Min W. SENP1-mediated NEMO deSUMOylation in adipocytes limits inflammatory responses and type-1 diabetes progression. Nature Communications 2015, 6: 8917. PMID: 26596471, PMCID: PMC4662081, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9917.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords3T3-L1 CellsAdipocytesAnimalsApoptosisChemokine CCL5Chromatin ImmunoprecipitationCysteine EndopeptidasesCytokinesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, High-FatEndopeptidasesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFlow CytometryGene Knockout TechniquesGlucose IntoleranceHyperglycemiaImmunoblottingImmunoprecipitationInflammationInsulin ResistanceInsulin-Secreting CellsIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsIslets of LangerhansMiceMutagenesis, Site-DirectedNF-kappa BPhenotypeReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSmall Ubiquitin-Related Modifier ProteinsConceptsNF-κB activityAdipocyte dysfunctionCytokine productionType 1 diabetes progressionPancreatic isletsType 1 diabetes mellitusMild insulin resistanceDevelopment of diabetesType 2 diabetes phenotypeΒ-cell damageDirect cytotoxic effectNF-κB inhibitorAdipocyte-specific deletionProgression of T1DMDiabetes mellitusGlucose intolerancePancreatic inflammationProinflammatory cytokinesCCL5 expressionInsulin resistanceDiabetes progressionInflammatory responseNF-κBDiabetes phenotypeMice exhibitAIP1 Expression in Tumor Niche Suppresses Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Ji W, Li Y, He Y, Yin M, Zhou HJ, Boggon TJ, Zhang H, Min W. AIP1 Expression in Tumor Niche Suppresses Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancer Research 2015, 75: 3492-3504. PMID: 26139244, PMCID: PMC4558200, DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0088.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAnimalsBreast NeoplasmsCarrier ProteinsCell Line, TumorEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGuanylate KinasesHumansMelanoma, ExperimentalMiceNeoplasm MetastasisNeovascularization, PathologicProtein Kinase InhibitorsSignal TransductionTumor MicroenvironmentVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2ConceptsEpithelial-mesenchymal transitionPremetastatic niche formationTumor growthAugments tumor growthBreast cancer modelSuppresses tumor progressionVascular endothelial cellsNiche formationSystemic administrationCancer modelVEGFR2 kinase inhibitorTumor neovascularizationTumor progressionTumor angiogenesisTumor microenvironmentTumor cellsEndothelial cellsMetastasisKinase inhibitorsTumor nicheVascular ECsSpecific deletionVascular environmentEMT switchAIP1 gene
2014
Diacylglycerol Kinase (DGK) Inhibitor II (R59949) Could Suppress Retinal Neovascularization and Protect Retinal Astrocytes in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model
Yang L, Xu Y, Li W, Yang B, Yu S, Zhou H, Yang C, Xu F, Wang J, Gao Y, Huang Y, Lu L, Liang X. Diacylglycerol Kinase (DGK) Inhibitor II (R59949) Could Suppress Retinal Neovascularization and Protect Retinal Astrocytes in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model. Journal Of Molecular Neuroscience 2014, 56: 78-88. PMID: 25451596, DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0469-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypoxia-inducible factorVascular endothelial growth factorRetinal neovascularizationRetinopathy modelHIF-1α/VEGF pathwayOxygen-induced retinopathy modelExposure of hyperoxiaSuppress retinal neovascularizationPostnatal day 7Endothelial growth factorProlyl hydroxylasesOIR miceOIR modelRetinal astrocytesIntraperitoneal injectionPathologic neovascularizationVEGF pathwayDay 7Astrocyte morphologyHIF-1αNeovascularizationPHD-2Room airHIF-α subunitsGrowth factor
2013
AIP1 Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Limiting Hyperlipidemia-Induced Inflammation and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction
Huang Q, Qin L, Dai S, Zhang H, Pasula S, Zhou H, Chen H, Min W. AIP1 Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Limiting Hyperlipidemia-Induced Inflammation and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2013, 33: 795-804. PMID: 23413429, PMCID: PMC3637885, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301220.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAortic DiseasesApolipoproteins EAtherosclerosisBiomarkersBone Marrow TransplantationCholesterolCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, DrugEndothelium, VascularGene Expression RegulationHyperlipidemiasInflammationInflammation MediatorsLipoproteinsLipoproteins, LDLMacrophagesMiceMice, KnockoutNF-kappa BRas GTPase-Activating ProteinsSignal TransductionTriglyceridesVasoconstrictionVasoconstrictor AgentsVasodilationVasodilator AgentsConceptsInflammatory responseAtherosclerotic lesionsAortic ECsNuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activityVascular endothelial dysfunctionPlasma inflammatory cytokinesWestern-type dietTotal cholesterol levelsIncreased inflammatory responseNuclear factor-κB signalingEndothelial cell dysfunctionAccumulation of macrophagesDouble knockout miceFactor-κB signalingNull mouse modelEndothelial dysfunctionProinflammatory mediatorsSuppresses AtherosclerosisControl miceInflammatory moleculesLipoprotein profileInflammatory cytokinesCholesterol levelsAortic rootEC dysfunctionFunctional Analyses of TNFR2 in Physiological and Pathological Retina AngiogenesisTNFR2 Mediates Retinal Angiogenesis
Wan T, Xu Z, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Luo Y, Li Y, Min W. Functional Analyses of TNFR2 in Physiological and Pathological Retina AngiogenesisTNFR2 Mediates Retinal Angiogenesis. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2013, 54: 211-221. PMID: 23188724, PMCID: PMC3544528, DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10364.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiopoietin-2AnimalsAnimals, NewbornCell SurvivalDisease Models, AnimalEndothelium, VascularEpithelial CellsGene ExpressionHumansHypoxiaInfant, NewbornMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMice, TransgenicNeovascularization, PathologicNF-kappa BOxygenProtein-Tyrosine KinasesReceptor, TIE-2Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type IIRetinaRetinal NeovascularizationRetinopathy of PrematurityVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2ConceptsTumor necrosis factor receptor 2Wild-type C57BL/6 miceTNFR2 deletionTNFR2-KOOIR modelOxygen-induced retinopathy modelNecrosis factor receptor 2Pathological neovascular tuftsRetinal vascular repairVascular ECsRetinal vascular developmentIschemia-induced revascularizationRetinal vasculature developmentFactor receptor 2Vascular endothelial cellsPreretinal neovascularizationVascular developmentC57BL/6 miceNeovascular tuftsKO miceNeonatal miceIsolectin stainingVascular repairBone marrow kinasePostnatal day
2012
TMP Prevents Retinal Neovascularization and Imparts Neuroprotection in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy ModelTMP Blocks Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy
Liang X, Zhou H, Ding Y, Li J, Yang C, Luo Y, Li S, Sun G, Liao X, Min W. TMP Prevents Retinal Neovascularization and Imparts Neuroprotection in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy ModelTMP Blocks Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2012, 53: 2157-2169. PMID: 22410554, PMCID: PMC4627509, DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-9315.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornApoptosisDisease Models, AnimalDrugs, Chinese HerbalFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitIn Situ Nick-End LabelingLigusticumMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicroscopy, ConfocalNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuroprotective AgentsOxygenPyrazinesReperfusion InjuryRetinal NeovascularizationRetinal NeuronsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, MessengerVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVasodilator AgentsConceptsEffects of tetramethylpyrazineVEGF mRNA expressionCell bodiesRetinal neovascularizationAvascular retinaMüller cellsMouse retinaHIF-1αMRNA expressionOxygen-induced retinopathy modelIschemia-induced cell deathHorizontal cell bodiesNeonatal C57BL/6J miceOuter plexiform layerPostnatal day 7Amacrine cell bodiesTUNEL-positive cellsMüller cell bodiesImparts NeuroprotectionNeurovascular recoveryNeurovascular repairControl miceC57BL/6J micePlexiform layerNormal saline
2011
Retro-orbital injection of FITC-dextran is an effective and economical method for observing mouse retinal vessels.
Li S, Li T, Luo Y, Yu H, Sun Y, Zhou H, Liang X, Huang J, Tang S. Retro-orbital injection of FITC-dextran is an effective and economical method for observing mouse retinal vessels. Molecular Vision 2011, 17: 3566-73. PMID: 22219652, PMCID: PMC3250377.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornDextransFluorescein AngiographyFluorescein-5-isothiocyanateHeart VentriclesHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedInfant, NewbornInjections, IntraocularMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMolecular ImagingOxygenPerfusionRetinaRetinal VesselsRetinopathy of PrematurityReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSoftwareConceptsMouse retinal vesselsRO injectionOIR miceOxygen-induced retinopathyRetro-orbital injectionLV perfusionRetinal vesselsFITC-dextranTotal retina areaArea of neovascularizationRetinal flatmountsRetinal neovascularizationVentricular perfusionNormal miceFluorescein isothiocyanate-dextranRetina areaLeft ventriclePostnatal micePerfusionMiceOrbital injectionInjectionSignificant differencesNeovascularizationVessels
2010
Chapter 19 Thioredoxin and Redox Signaling in Vasculature—Studies Using Trx2 Endothelium-Specific Transgenic Mice
Min W, Xu L, Zhou H, Huang Q, Zhang H, He Y, Zhe X, Luo Y. Chapter 19 Thioredoxin and Redox Signaling in Vasculature—Studies Using Trx2 Endothelium-Specific Transgenic Mice. Methods In Enzymology 2010, 474: 315-324. PMID: 20609919, DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)74019-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsReactive oxygen speciesCellular reactive oxygen speciesMitochondrial antioxidant systemVivo functional assaysTRX2 geneRedox signalingTransgenic miceRedox genesThioredoxin 2Functional analysisHuman diseasesFunctional assaysAntioxidant systemOxygen speciesGenesCritical roleEndothelial cell culturesCell culturesPrimary lineTrx2TransgenesisThioredoxinMitochondriaSignalingSpecies