Pathophysiology of Diuretic Resistance and Its Implications for the Management of Chronic Heart Failure
Wilcox CS, Testani JM, Pitt B. Pathophysiology of Diuretic Resistance and Its Implications for the Management of Chronic Heart Failure. Hypertension 2020, 76: 1045-1054. PMID: 32829662, PMCID: PMC10683075, DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15205.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsChronic heart failureDiuretic resistanceHeart failureHigh daily salt intakeDiuretic-resistant patientsSequential nephron blockadeDaily salt intakeHypochloremic metabolic alkalosisLoop of HenleMultiple diureticsRenal nervesReflex activationLoop diureticsSalt intakeRecurrent hospitalizationsVolume overloadPathophysiological mechanismsSingle doseSodium outputMetabolic alkalosisPharmacokinetic mechanismsDistal tubulesDiureticsProximal tubulesRenal tubules