Electronic Cigarettes Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Trigger TLR9 (Toll-Like Receptor 9)-Mediated Atherosclerosis
Li J, Huynh L, Cornwell WD, Tang MS, Simborio H, Huang J, Kosmider B, Rogers TJ, Zhao H, Steinberg MB, Thu Thi Le L, Zhang L, Pham K, Liu C, Wang H. Electronic Cigarettes Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Trigger TLR9 (Toll-Like Receptor 9)-Mediated Atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2020, 41: 839-853. PMID: 33380174, PMCID: PMC8608030, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315556.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAortaAtherosclerosisDisease Models, AnimalDNA DamageDNA, MitochondrialE-Cigarette VaporFemaleHumansInflammationInflammation MediatorsMacrophagesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Knockout, ApoEMiddle AgedMitochondriaRAW 264.7 CellsSignal TransductionSmokersToll-Like Receptor 9VapingConceptsECV exposureTLR9 expressionInflammatory cytokinesClassical monocytesTLR9 activationAtherosclerotic plaquesEight-week-old ApoEUpregulation of TLR9Expression of TLR9Atherosclerotic lesion developmentOil Red O stainingToll-like receptorsDays/weekE-cig exposureMonocytes/macrophagesNormal laboratory dietRed O stainingPotential pharmacological targetElectronic cigarette useHours/dayProinflammatory cytokinesCig vaporPlasma levelsTLR9 antagonistTLR9 inhibitor