2024
SRF SUMOylation modulates smooth muscle phenotypic switch and vascular remodeling
Xu Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Pober J, Zhou M, Zhou J, Min W. SRF SUMOylation modulates smooth muscle phenotypic switch and vascular remodeling. Nature Communications 2024, 15: 6919. PMID: 39134547, PMCID: PMC11319592, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51350-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVascular smooth muscle cellsSerum response factorCardiovascular diseaseVSMC synthetic phenotypeVascular remodelingNeointimal formationSENP1 deficiencySerum response factor activitySmooth muscle phenotypic switchingPhenotypic switchingPathogenesis of cardiovascular diseaseSmooth muscle cellsPost-translational SUMOylationTreatment of cardiovascular diseasesInhibitor AZD6244Phospho-ELK1Increased nuclear accumulationLysosomal localizationGene transcriptionNuclear accumulationMuscle cellsCoronary arteryCVD patientsVSMC phenotypic switchTherapeutic potential
2022
Mitochondrial dysfunction induces ALK5-SMAD2-mediated hypovascularization and arteriovenous malformations in mouse retinas
Zhang H, Li B, Huang Q, López-Giráldez F, Tanaka Y, Lin Q, Mehta S, Wang G, Graham M, Liu X, Park I, Eichmann A, Min W, Zhou J. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces ALK5-SMAD2-mediated hypovascularization and arteriovenous malformations in mouse retinas. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 7637. PMID: 36496409, PMCID: PMC9741628, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35262-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMitochondrial dysfunctionThioredoxin 2Single-cell RNA-seq analysisRNA-seq analysisMutant miceNuclear genesMitochondrial proteinsMitochondrial localizationHuman retinal diseasesTranscriptional factorsGene expressionMutant retinasMitochondrial activityExtracellular matrixNovel mechanismVascular maturationArteriovenous malformationsGenetic deficiencyVessel growthSmad2Mouse retinaVascular malformationsMechanistic studiesBasement membraneRetinal vascular malformationsBrown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistance
Huang Y, Zhou JH, Zhang H, Canfrán-Duque A, Singh AK, Perry RJ, Shulman G, Fernandez-Hernando C, Min W. Brown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistance. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2022, 132 PMID: 35202005, PMCID: PMC9057632, DOI: 10.1172/jci148852.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrown adipose tissueBAT inflammationInsulin resistanceMitochondrial reactive oxygen speciesReactive oxygen speciesAberrant innate immune responsesDiet-induced insulin resistanceSystematic metabolismDiet-induced obesityNLRP3 inflammasome pathwayWhole-body energy metabolismCGAS/STINGInnate immune responseFatty acid oxidationExcessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen speciesMetabolic benefitsImmune responseInflammasome pathwayAdipose tissueInflammationInhibition reversesLipid uptakeLipid metabolismThioredoxin 2Adaptive thermogenesis
2021
CCM3 Loss-Induced Lymphatic Defect Is Mediated by the Augmented VEGFR3-ERK1/2 Signaling
Qin L, Zhang H, Li B, Jiang Q, Lopez F, Min W, Zhou JH. CCM3 Loss-Induced Lymphatic Defect Is Mediated by the Augmented VEGFR3-ERK1/2 Signaling. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2021, 41: 2943-2960. PMID: 34670407, PMCID: PMC8613000, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316707.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsCells, CulturedEndothelial CellsEndothelium, LymphaticFemaleGene DeletionHemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous SystemHyperplasiaMaleMAP Kinase Signaling SystemMice, Inbred StrainsModels, AnimalNF-kappa BTranslocation, GeneticVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3ConceptsLymphatic ECsLymphatic defectsCerebral cavernous malformationsPan-endothelial cellsGrowth factor receptorTranscriptional levelTransport assaysLymphatic hyperplasiaCCM genesLymphatic dysfunctionNuclear translocationGenesFactor receptorVEGFR3ERK1/2Nuclear factorDeletionEC proliferationInhibition of VEGFR3Dependent mannerVascular endothelial growth factor receptorEndothelial growth factor receptorEC deletionAbnormal valve structureKPNA2Caveolae-mediated Tie2 signaling contributes to CCM pathogenesis in a brain endothelial cell-specific Pdcd10-deficient mouse model
Zhou HJ, Qin L, Jiang Q, Murray KN, Zhang H, Li B, Lin Q, Graham M, Liu X, Grutzendler J, Min W. Caveolae-mediated Tie2 signaling contributes to CCM pathogenesis in a brain endothelial cell-specific Pdcd10-deficient mouse model. Nature Communications 2021, 12: 504. PMID: 33495460, PMCID: PMC7835246, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20774-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebral cavernous malformationsCCM lesionsSmooth muscle actin-positive pericytesEndothelial cell lossRegions of brainCCM pathogenesisPost-capillary venulesCerebral hemorrhagePharmacological blockadeVascular abnormalitiesEC-specific deletionCavernous malformationsMouse modelCell lossMicrovascular bedGenetic deletionLesion formationLesionsVascular dynamicsBarrier functionMicrovascular structureTwo-photon microscopyTie2PathogenesisMice
2020
Mitophagy-mediated adipose inflammation contributes to type 2 diabetes with hepatic insulin resistance
He F, Huang Y, Song Z, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Perry RJ, Shulman GI, Min W. Mitophagy-mediated adipose inflammation contributes to type 2 diabetes with hepatic insulin resistance. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2020, 218: e20201416. PMID: 33315085, PMCID: PMC7927432, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201416.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdipocytesAdipose TissueAnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, High-FatEnergy MetabolismFatty LiverGene DeletionGene TargetingGluconeogenesisHomeostasisHumansHyperglycemiaInflammationInsulin ResistanceLipogenesisLiverMaleMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMitochondriaMitophagyNF-kappa BOxidative StressPhenotypeReactive Oxygen SpeciesSequestosome-1 ProteinSignal TransductionThioredoxinsConceptsHepatic insulin resistanceWhite adipose tissueInsulin resistanceAdipose inflammationType 2 diabetes mellitusLipid metabolic disordersNF-κB inhibitorAdipose-specific deletionWhole-body energy homeostasisAltered fatty acid metabolismFatty acid metabolismT2DM progressionT2DM patientsDiabetes mellitusReactive oxygen species pathwayHepatic steatosisMetabolic disordersNF-κBP62/SQSTM1Adipose tissueHuman adipocytesEnergy homeostasisExcessive mitophagyOxygen species pathwayInflammationMural Cell-Specific Deletion of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 3 in the Brain Induces Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Wang K, Zhang H, He Y, Jiang Q, Tanaka Y, Park IH, Pober JS, Min W, Zhou HJ. Mural Cell-Specific Deletion of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 3 in the Brain Induces Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2020, 40: 2171-2186. PMID: 32640906, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314586.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsBrainCell CommunicationCell MovementCells, CulturedCoculture TechniquesEndothelial CellsFemaleFocal AdhesionsGene DeletionGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous SystemHumansMaleMembrane ProteinsMice, KnockoutMicrovesselsMyocytes, Smooth MusclePaxillinPericytesPhenotypeProtein StabilityProto-Oncogene ProteinsSignal TransductionConceptsCerebral cavernous malformationsBrain mural cellsCCM lesionsMural cellsCavernous malformationsSevere brain hemorrhageCCM pathogenesisSmooth muscle cellsWeeks of ageCell-specific deletionMural cell coverageBrain pericytesBrain hemorrhageNeonatal stageBrain vasculatureLesionsEntire brainMuscle cellsCerebral cavernous malformation 3Endothelial cellsMicePericytesSpecific deletionAdhesion formationPathogenesisBMX Represses Thrombin-PAR1–Mediated Endothelial Permeability and Vascular Leakage During Early Sepsis
Li Z, Yin M, Zhang H, Ni W, Pierce R, Zhou HJ, Min W. BMX Represses Thrombin-PAR1–Mediated Endothelial Permeability and Vascular Leakage During Early Sepsis. Circulation Research 2020, 126: 471-485. PMID: 31910739, PMCID: PMC7035171, DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315769.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPAR1 internalizationPuncture-induced sepsisCecal ligationVascular leakageEndothelial permeabilityExpression of BmxThrombin-PAR1Early sepsisEndothelial cellsPuncture modelSignal inactivationPAR1 antagonist SCH79797Negative regulatorLung epithelial cellsTransendothelial electrical resistanceAdult stageEmbryonic stagesCultured endothelial cellsPulmonary leakageCellular analysisLung injuryPathological stimuliEndothelium dysfunctionPlatelet dysfunctionSepsis
2019
Mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 maintains HCN4 expression and prevents oxidative stress-mediated sick sinus syndrome
Yang B, Huang Y, Zhang H, Huang Y, Zhou HJ, Young L, Xiao H, Min W. Mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 maintains HCN4 expression and prevents oxidative stress-mediated sick sinus syndrome. Journal Of Molecular And Cellular Cardiology 2019, 138: 291-303. PMID: 31751569, DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.10.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBradycardiaCardiomyopathy, DilatedEnhancer Elements, GeneticHistone DeacetylasesHyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated ChannelsMEF2 Transcription FactorsMice, KnockoutMitochondria, HeartModels, BiologicalOxidative StressPhenotypeProtein BindingReactive Oxygen SpeciesRNA, MessengerSick Sinus SyndromeSinoatrial NodeThioredoxinsConceptsSick sinus syndromeSinus syndromeHistone deacetylase 4Lower heart rateHeart rateHCN4 expressionConduction systemSinoatrial nodeNormal heart rateCardiac conduction systemHistone 3 acetylationMitochondrial oxidative stressSinus bradycardiaCardiac functionLox/SyndromeHeart rhythmMyosin heavy chainHistological analysisMiceDeletion miceOxidative stressWhole heartProtein levelsUnderlying mechanismShort AIP1 (ASK1-Interacting Protein-1) Isoform Localizes to the Mitochondria and Promotes Vascular Dysfunction
Li Z, Li L, Zhang H, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Min W. Short AIP1 (ASK1-Interacting Protein-1) Isoform Localizes to the Mitochondria and Promotes Vascular Dysfunction. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2019, 40: 112-127. PMID: 31619063, PMCID: PMC7204498, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312976.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAorta, ThoracicApoptosisArteriosclerosisBlotting, WesternCells, CulturedDisease Models, AnimalDNAEndothelium, VascularGene Expression RegulationGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicMicroscopy, FluorescenceMitochondriaRas GTPase-Activating ProteinsSignal TransductionConceptsN-terminal pleckstrin homology domainHuman genome-wide association studiesGenome-wide association studiesPleckstrin homology domainMitochondrial reactive oxygen species generationEndothelial cellsH3K9 trimethylationHomology domainReactive oxygen species productionOxygen species productionReactive oxygen speciesReactive oxygen species generationAssociation studiesRegulatory factorsEpigenetic inhibitionEC activationOxygen species generationDependent pathwayVascular endothelial cellsProteolytic degradationSpecies productionOxygen speciesVascular homeostasisMitochondriaSpecies generationCD34+KLF4+ Stromal Stem Cells Contribute to Endometrial Regeneration and Repair
Yin M, Zhou HJ, Lin C, Long L, Yang X, Zhang H, Taylor H, Min W. CD34+KLF4+ Stromal Stem Cells Contribute to Endometrial Regeneration and Repair. Cell Reports 2019, 27: 2709-2724.e3. PMID: 31141693, PMCID: PMC6548470, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.088.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndometrial regenerationEndometrial epitheliumStem cellsLocal stem cellsEndometrial repairHuman endometriumUterine hyperplasiaStromal stem cellsCD34Regenerative capacitySM22αEpitheliumCellsProliferative signalingTranscriptional activityRepairKLF4EndometriumHyperplasiaERαProtein SUMOylationRegeneration modelMice
2018
SUMOylation of VEGFR2 regulates its intracellular trafficking and pathological angiogenesis
Zhou HJ, Xu Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhuang Z, Simons M, Min W. SUMOylation of VEGFR2 regulates its intracellular trafficking and pathological angiogenesis. Nature Communications 2018, 9: 3303. PMID: 30120232, PMCID: PMC6098000, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05812-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCorneaCysteine EndopeptidasesDiabetes MellitusEndopeptidasesGene DeletionGene Knock-In TechniquesGene SilencingGolgi ApparatusHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsHumansIntracellular SpaceMaleMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutNeovascularization, PathologicProtein TransportRetinaSignal TransductionSUMO-1 ProteinSumoylationVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2ConceptsPathological angiogenesisPotential therapeutic targetRegulation of VEGFR2Non-sumoylated formEndothelial-specific deletionDiabetic miceHindlimb ischemiaTherapeutic targetDiabetic settingControl of angiogenesisEndothelial cellsAngiogenesisVEGFR2Surface expressionVEGFR2 activityTissue repairSENP1
2017
Lead promotes abnormal angiogenesis induced by CCM3 gene defects via mitochondrial pathway
Sun Y, Zhang H, Xing X, Zhao Z, He J, Li J, Chen J, Wang M, He Y. Lead promotes abnormal angiogenesis induced by CCM3 gene defects via mitochondrial pathway. Journal Of Developmental Origins Of Health And Disease 2017, 9: 182-190. PMID: 29110746, DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000782.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMouse embryosYolk sacHeterozygous mouse embryosGene defectsCCM3 genesPrimary human umbilical vein endothelial cellsLead exposureMitochondrial DNAEmbryonic developmentMtDNA biogenesisMitochondrial morphologyCardiovascular developmentHuman umbilical vein endothelial cellsMitochondrial pathwayGene knockoutEndothelial cellsUmbilical vein endothelial cellsVascular developmentMitochondria pathwayVein endothelial cellsPrimary cellsGenesRNA expressionCell proliferationEmbryosASK1-dependent endothelial cell activation is critical in ovarian cancer growth and metastasis
Yin M, Zhou HJ, Zhang J, Lin C, Li H, Li X, Li Y, Zhang H, Breckenridge DG, Ji W, Min W. ASK1-dependent endothelial cell activation is critical in ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. JCI Insight 2017, 2: e91828. PMID: 28931753, PMCID: PMC5621912, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91828.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTumor-associated macrophagesOvarian cancer growthOvarian cancerTranscoelomic metastasisCancer growthTumor growthOrthotopic ovarian cancer modelPeritoneal tumor growthInflammation-mediated tumorigenesisOvarian cancer modelEndothelial cell activationJunction protein VE-cadherinOvarian cancer progressionTAM infiltrationMacrophage infiltrationVascular leakageMacrophage transmigrationVascular permeabilityMouse modelVascular endotheliumMetastasis cancerTherapeutic targetMacrophage activationColon cancerCancer modelThe critical role of SENP1-mediated GATA2 deSUMOylation in promoting endothelial activation in graft arteriosclerosis
Qiu C, Wang Y, Zhao H, Qin L, Shi Y, Zhu X, Song L, Zhou X, Chen J, Zhou H, Zhang H, Tellides G, Min W, Yu L. The critical role of SENP1-mediated GATA2 deSUMOylation in promoting endothelial activation in graft arteriosclerosis. Nature Communications 2017, 8: 15426. PMID: 28569748, PMCID: PMC5461500, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15426.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsArteriosclerosisCysteine EndopeptidasesDisease ProgressionDNAEndopeptidasesEndothelial CellsEndothelium, VascularGATA2 Transcription FactorHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsHumansInflammation MediatorsLeukocytesMaleMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutModels, BiologicalProtein BindingProtein StabilitySumoylationConceptsGraft arteriosclerosisEndothelial activationClinical graft rejectionConsequent endothelial dysfunctionNF-κB activityRole of SENP1Post-translational SUMOylationAllograft failureEndothelial dysfunctionGraft rejectionGraft endotheliumLeukocyte recruitmentVascular remodellingCardiovascular disordersNeointima formationNF-κBClinical researchDiminished inductionEndothelial cellsMajor causeAdhesion moleculesPotential involvementInflammationArteriosclerosisSENP1
2016
Tumor-associated macrophages drive spheroid formation during early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer
Yin M, Li X, Tan S, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Bellone S, Xu X, Zhang H, Santin AD, Lou G, Min W. Tumor-associated macrophages drive spheroid formation during early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2016, 126: 4157-4173. PMID: 27721235, PMCID: PMC5096908, DOI: 10.1172/jci87252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsErbB ReceptorsFemaleHeterograftsHumansIntercellular Adhesion Molecule-1Macrophage-1 AntigenMacrophagesMiceMice, NudeNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasm ProteinsNeoplasm TransplantationOvarian NeoplasmsSpheroids, CellularVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1ConceptsTumor-associated macrophagesOvarian cancerTranscoelomic metastasisTumor cellsICAM-1Mouse modelEpithelial ovarian cancerOvarian cancer growthOvarian cancer metastasisSpheroid formationOvarian cancer progressionVEGF/VEGFRTumor cell proliferationPharmacological blockadeMetastatic cancerColon cancerCancer growthMetastasisAntibody neutralizationTumor growthCancerClinical pathologyCancer metastasisCancer progressionΑMβ2 integrinEndothelial exocytosis of angiopoietin-2 resulting from CCM3 deficiency contributes to cerebral cavernous malformation
Zhou HJ, Qin L, Zhang H, Tang W, Ji W, He Y, Liang X, Wang Z, Yuan Q, Vortmeyer A, Toomre D, Fuh G, Yan M, Kluger MS, Wu D, Min W. Endothelial exocytosis of angiopoietin-2 resulting from CCM3 deficiency contributes to cerebral cavernous malformation. Nature Medicine 2016, 22: 1033-1042. PMID: 27548575, PMCID: PMC5014607, DOI: 10.1038/nm.4169.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiopoietin-1Angiopoietin-2AnimalsApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsBrainEndothelium, VascularEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayExocytosisFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGene Expression ProfilingHemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous SystemHumansIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMembrane ProteinsMiceNerve Tissue ProteinsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor, TIE-2Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 3
2015
SENP1-mediated NEMO deSUMOylation in adipocytes limits inflammatory responses and type-1 diabetes progression
Shao L, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Qin L, Hwa J, Yun Z, Ji W, Min W. SENP1-mediated NEMO deSUMOylation in adipocytes limits inflammatory responses and type-1 diabetes progression. Nature Communications 2015, 6: 8917. PMID: 26596471, PMCID: PMC4662081, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9917.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords3T3-L1 CellsAdipocytesAnimalsApoptosisChemokine CCL5Chromatin ImmunoprecipitationCysteine EndopeptidasesCytokinesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, High-FatEndopeptidasesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFlow CytometryGene Knockout TechniquesGlucose IntoleranceHyperglycemiaImmunoblottingImmunoprecipitationInflammationInsulin ResistanceInsulin-Secreting CellsIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsIslets of LangerhansMiceMutagenesis, Site-DirectedNF-kappa BPhenotypeReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSmall Ubiquitin-Related Modifier ProteinsConceptsNF-κB activityAdipocyte dysfunctionCytokine productionType 1 diabetes progressionPancreatic isletsType 1 diabetes mellitusMild insulin resistanceDevelopment of diabetesType 2 diabetes phenotypeΒ-cell damageDirect cytotoxic effectNF-κB inhibitorAdipocyte-specific deletionProgression of T1DMDiabetes mellitusGlucose intolerancePancreatic inflammationProinflammatory cytokinesCCL5 expressionInsulin resistanceDiabetes progressionInflammatory responseNF-κBDiabetes phenotypeMice exhibitAIP1 Expression in Tumor Niche Suppresses Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Ji W, Li Y, He Y, Yin M, Zhou HJ, Boggon TJ, Zhang H, Min W. AIP1 Expression in Tumor Niche Suppresses Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancer Research 2015, 75: 3492-3504. PMID: 26139244, PMCID: PMC4558200, DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0088.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAnimalsBreast NeoplasmsCarrier ProteinsCell Line, TumorEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGuanylate KinasesHumansMelanoma, ExperimentalMiceNeoplasm MetastasisNeovascularization, PathologicProtein Kinase InhibitorsSignal TransductionTumor MicroenvironmentVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2ConceptsEpithelial-mesenchymal transitionPremetastatic niche formationTumor growthAugments tumor growthBreast cancer modelSuppresses tumor progressionVascular endothelial cellsNiche formationSystemic administrationCancer modelVEGFR2 kinase inhibitorTumor neovascularizationTumor progressionTumor angiogenesisTumor microenvironmentTumor cellsEndothelial cellsMetastasisKinase inhibitorsTumor nicheVascular ECsSpecific deletionVascular environmentEMT switchAIP1 geneThioredoxin-2 Inhibits Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Apoptosis Stress Kinase-1 Activity to Maintain Cardiac Function
Huang Q, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Huang Y, Hinojosa-Kirschenbaum F, Fan P, Yao L, Belardinelli L, Tellides G, Giordano FJ, Budas GR, Min W. Thioredoxin-2 Inhibits Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Apoptosis Stress Kinase-1 Activity to Maintain Cardiac Function. Circulation 2015, 131: 1082-1097. PMID: 25628390, PMCID: PMC4374031, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012725.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMitochondrial reactive oxygen species generationReactive oxygen species generationOxygen species generationASK1-dependent apoptosisMitochondrial reactive oxygen species productionPhosphorylation/activityKey mitochondrial proteinsSpecies generationMitochondrial membrane depolarizationKinase 1 activityMitochondrial proteinsReactive oxygen species productionCellular redoxMitochondrial Trx2Inhibition of ASK1Apoptotic signalingOxygen species productionThioredoxin 2Protein expression levelsKinase 1ATP productionASK1 inhibitionKnockout miceMitochondrial ultrastructureASK1 inhibitors