Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis
Salerno F, Guevara M, Bernardi M, Moreau R, Wong F, Angeli P, Garcia‐Tsao G, Lee SS. Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis. Liver International 2010, 30: 937-947. PMID: 20492521, DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02272.x.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsCirrhotic patientsHepatorenal syndrome type 2Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntEpisode of ascitesChronic renal insufficiencyLow sodium dietStandard medical treatmentIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntOccurrence of refractorinessCentral hypovolaemiaVasoconstrictor systemsArterial hypotensionDiuretic dosesLiver transplantationPortal hypertensionRefractory ascitesRenal insufficiencySodium dietSystemic haemodynamicsFrequent complicationSevere complicationsSerious complicationsSuch patientsPortosystemic shuntRenal sodium