2023
222-OR: Metformin Reduces Fasting Glycemia in Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes by Promoting Aerobic Glycolysis Independent of Decreasing Endogenous Glucose Production
SARABHAI T, LAMOIA T, FRIESL S, JONUSCHEIT M, PETERSEN K, SHULMAN G, RODEN M. 222-OR: Metformin Reduces Fasting Glycemia in Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes by Promoting Aerobic Glycolysis Independent of Decreasing Endogenous Glucose Production. Diabetes 2023, 72 DOI: 10.2337/db23-222-or.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEndogenous glucose productionRates of EGPType 2 diabetesHepatic ATP contentMetformin treatmentGlucose clearanceNovo NordiskGlucose productionGlycogen contentGlucose-lowering effectHepatic TAG contentLactate productionBlood glucose levelsPlasma glucose concentrationPeripheral glucose clearanceHepatic glycogen contentATP contentAdvisory PanelFortress BiotechMetformin-induced inhibitionGlycemic controlDohme Corp.Hepatic triglyceridesMitochondrial electron transport chain activityGlucose levels
1998
Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Inzucchi S, Maggs D, Spollett G, Page S, Rife F, Walton V, Shulman G. Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. New England Journal Of Medicine 1998, 338: 867-873. PMID: 9516221, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199803263381303.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndogenous glucose productionPlasma glucose concentrationPostprandial plasma glucose concentrationsPeripheral glucose disposalType 2 diabetesMetformin therapyTroglitazone therapyGlucose disposalGlucose productionHemoglobin valuesGlucose concentrationType II diabetes mellitusAdditive beneficial effectsSingle-drug therapyDiabetes mellitusGlycemic controlCombination therapyPoor responseMetabolic effectsPhysiologic effectsMetforminPatientsTherapyTroglitazoneBeneficial effects
1985
Metabolic Response to Three Years of Continuous, Basal Rate Intravenous Insulin Infusion in Type II Diabetic Patients*
BLACKSHEAR P, SHULMAN G, ROUSSELL A, NATHAN D, MINAKER K, ROWE J, ROBBINS D, COHEN A. Metabolic Response to Three Years of Continuous, Basal Rate Intravenous Insulin Infusion in Type II Diabetic Patients*. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1985, 61: 753-760. PMID: 3897260, DOI: 10.1210/jcem-61-4-753.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType II diabetic patientsII diabetic patientsInsulin clamp studiesDiabetic patientsInsulin infusionClamp studiesObese type II diabetic patientsEuglycemic insulin clamp studiesInfusion pumpVitreous fluorescein concentrationHemoglobin A1c levelsMonths of treatmentGlucose disposal rateIntravenous insulin infusionNormal glycemic controlSerum triglyceride concentrationBlood glucose levelsInfusion of insulinImplantable infusion pumpInsulin infusion pumpA1c levelsGlycemic controlSignificant hypoglycemiaImmunoreactive insulinPlasma glucose
1982
Implantable Insulin Infusion Devices
Blackshear P, Nathan D, Cohen A, Hurxthal K, Shulman G. Implantable Insulin Infusion Devices. JAMA 1982, 248: 2111-2111. PMID: 7120635, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1982.03330170019006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInsulin infusion devicesInfusion devicesSimilar glycemic controlIntensive conventional therapyImplantation of devicesGlycemic controlSubstantial morbidityConventional therapyInsulin delivery systemsAnimal studiesClinical useDelivery systemLong-term studiesImplantable drug delivery systemsResearch protocolDrug delivery systemsExtreme cautionImplantationMorbidityTherapyMortality