2001
Insulin Resistance and a Diabetes Mellitus-Like Syndrome in Mice Lacking the Protein Kinase Akt2 (PKBβ)
Cho H, Mu J, Kim J, Thorvaldsen J, Chu Q, Crenshaw E, Kaestner K, Bartolomei M, Shulman G, Birnbaum M. Insulin Resistance and a Diabetes Mellitus-Like Syndrome in Mice Lacking the Protein Kinase Akt2 (PKBβ). Science 2001, 292: 1728-1731. PMID: 11387480, DOI: 10.1126/science.292.5522.1728.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBlood GlucoseDeoxyglucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGene TargetingGlucoseGlucose Clamp TechniqueGlucose Tolerance TestHomeostasisInsulinInsulin ResistanceIslets of LangerhansLiverMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicMuscle, SkeletalProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktSignal TransductionConceptsSerine-threonine protein kinase AktProtein kinase Akt2Protein kinase AktProtein kinase B.Activation of phosphatidylinositolEssential genesKinase Akt2Kinase AktAbility of insulinGlucose homeostasisNormal glucose homeostasisAkt2Critical initial stepEarly eventsSkeletal muscleHomeostasisInsulin actionMice LackingInsulin responsivenessInitial stepActivationInsulin resistancePhosphatidylinositolBlood glucoseGenes
1999
Contributions of net hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucose production in cirrhosis
Petersen K, Krssak M, Navarro V, Chandramouli V, Hundal R, Schumann W, Landau B, Shulman G. Contributions of net hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucose production in cirrhosis. American Journal Of Physiology 1999, 276: e529-e535. PMID: 10070020, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.3.e529.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNet hepatic glycogenolysisCirrhotic subjectsHepatic glycogenolysisControl subjectsGlucose productionFree insulin-like growth factor IInsulin-like growth factor IHepatic glycogen concentrationGrowth factor IHepatic glycogen contentMagnetic resonance imagingRate of gluconeogenesisBlood glucosePlasma levelsHealthy subjects
1992
Cerebral Lactate Turnover after Electroshock: In vivo Measurements by 1H/13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Petroff O, Novotny E, Avison M, Rothman D, Alger J, Ogino T, Shulman G, Prichard J. Cerebral Lactate Turnover after Electroshock: In vivo Measurements by 1H/13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1992, 12: 1022-1029. PMID: 1400641, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1992.139.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBlood lactateLactate poolNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyMetabolic stateBrain lactateBlood gasesBlood glucoseElevated lactateMagnetic resonance spectroscopyProlonged elevationRabbit brainPerchloric acid extractsPathological conditionsBrain activationBrainResonance spectroscopyLactate turnoverHigh resolution 1H NMRIntracellular pHElectroshockLactateHuman brainVivo 1HSignificant changesAcid extracts