2024
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Collaborators G, Brauer M, Roth G, Aravkin A, Zheng P, Abate K, Abate Y, Abbafati C, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasi M, Abbasian M, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, ElHafeez S, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdi P, Abdollahi M, Abdoun M, Abdulah D, Abdullahi A, Abebe M, Abedi A, Abedi A, Abegaz T, Zuñiga R, Abiodun O, Abiso T, Aboagye R, Abolhassani H, Abouzid M, Aboye G, Abreu L, Abualruz H, Abubakar B, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abukhadijah H, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Adane M, Addo I, Addolorato G, Adedoyin R, Adekanmbi V, Aden B, Adetunji J, Adeyeoluwa T, Adha R, Adibi A, Adnani Q, Adzigbli L, Afolabi A, Afolabi R, Afshin A, Afyouni S, Afzal M, Afzal S, Agampodi S, Agbozo F, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agrawal A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah B, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad N, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed L, Ahmed M, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Ajami M, Akalu G, Akara E, Akbarialiabad H, Akhlaghi S, Akinosoglou K, Akinyemiju T, Akkaif M, Akkala S, Akombi-Inyang B, Al Awaidy S, Al Hasan S, Alahdab F, AL-Ahdal T, Alalalmeh S, Alalwan T, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alanezi F, Alanzi T, Albakri A, AlBataineh M, Aldhaleei W, Aldridge R, Alemayohu M, Alemu Y, Al-Fatly B, Al-Gheethi A, Al-Habbal K, Alhabib K, Alhassan R, Ali A, Ali A, Ali B, Ali I, Ali L, Ali M, Ali R, Ali S, Ali W, Alicandro G, Alif M, Aljunid S, Alla F, Al-Marwani S, Al-Mekhlafi H, Almustanyir S, Alomari M, Alonso J, Alqahtani J, Alqutaibi A, Al-Raddadi R, Alrawashdeh A, Al-Rifai R, Alrousan S, Al-Sabah S, Alshahrani N, Altaany Z, Altaf A, Al-Tawfiq J, Altirkawi K, Aluh D, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk N, Alwafi H, Al-Wardat M, Al-Worafi Y, Aly H, Aly S, Alzoubi K, Al-Zyoud W, Amaechi U, Mohammadi M, Amani R, Amiri S, Amirzade-Iranaq M, Ammirati E, Amu H, Amugsi D, Amusa G, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson J, Andrade P, Andrei C, Andrei T, Anenberg S, Angappan D, Angus C, Anil A, Anil S, Anjum A, Anoushiravani A, Antonazzo I, Antony C, Antriyandarti E, Anuoluwa B, Anvari D, Anvari S, Anwar S, Anwar S, Anwer R, Anyabolo E, Anyasodor A, Apostol G, Arabloo J, Bahri R, Arafat M, Areda D, Aregawi B, Aremu A, Armocida B, Arndt M, Ärnlöv J, Arooj M, Artamonov A, Artanti K, Aruleba I, Arumugam A, Asbeutah A, Asgary S, Asgedom A, Ashbaugh C, Ashemo M, Ashraf T, Askarinejad A, Assmus M, Astell-Burt T, Athar M, Athari S, Atorkey, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awoke A, Quintanilla B, Ayatollahi H, Portugal C, Ayuso-Mateos J, Azadnajafabad S, Azevedo R, Azhar G, Azizi H, Azzam A, Backhaus I, Badar M, Badiye A, Bagga A, Baghdadi S, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Taghanaki P, Bai R, Baig A, Baker J, Bakkannavar S, Balasubramanian M, Baltatu O, Bam K, Bandyopadhyay S, Banik B, Banik P, Banke-Thomas A, Bansal H, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Bardideh E, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barone-Adesi F, Barqawi H, Barrero L, Barrow A, Barteit S, Basharat Z, Basiru A, Basso J, Bastan M, Basu S, Batchu S, Batra K, Batra R, Baune B, Bayati M, Bayileyegn N, Beaney T, Behnoush A, Beiranvand M, Béjot Y, Bekele A, Belgaumi U, Bell A, Bell M, Bello M, Bello O, Belo L, Beloukas A, Bendak S, Bennett D, Bennitt F, Bensenor I, Benzian H, Beran A, Berezvai Z, Bernabe E, Bernstein R, Bettencourt P, Bhagavathula A, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhat A, Bhat V, Bhatti G, Bhatti J, Bhatti M, Bhatti R, Bhuiyan M, Bhutta Z, Bikbov B, Bishai J, Bisignano C, Biswas A, Biswas B, Biswas R, Bjørge T, Boachie M, Boakye H, Bockarie M, Bodolica V, Bodunrin A, Bogale E, Bolla S, Boloor A, Hashemi M, Boppana S, Basara B, Borhany H, Carvajal A, Bouaoud S, Boufous S, Bourne R, Boxe C, Braithwaite D, Brant L, Brar A, Breitborde N, Breitner S, Brenner H, Briko A, Britton G, Brown C, Browne A, Brunoni A, Bryazka D, Bulamu N, Bulto L, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Burns R, Busse R, Bustanji Y, Butt N, Butt Z, dos Santos F, Cagney J, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Calina D, Cámera L, Campos L, Campos-Nonato I, Cao C, Cao F, Cao Y, Capodici A, Cárdenas R, Carr S, Carreras G, Carrero J, Carugno A, Carvalho F, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia J, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Catapano A, Cattaruzza M, Caye A, Cederroth C, Cegolon L, Cenderadewi M, Cercy K, Cerin E, Chadwick J, Chakraborty C, Chakraborty P, Chakraborty S, Chan J, Chan R, Chandan J, Chandika R, Chaturvedi P, Chen A, Chen C, Chen H, Chen M, Chen M, Chen S, Cheng C, Cheng E, Cherbuin N, Chi G, Chichagi F, Chimed-Ochir O, Chimoriya R, Ching P, Chirinos-Caceres J, Chitheer A, Cho W, Chong B, Chopra H, Chowdhury R, Christopher D, Chu D, Chukwu I, Chung E, Chung S, Chutiyami M, Cioffi I, Cogen R, Cohen A, Columbus A, Conde J, Corlateanu A, Cortese S, Cortesi P, Costa V, Costanzo S, Criqui M, Cruz J, Cruz-Martins N, Culbreth G, da Silva A, Dadras O, Dai X, Dai Z, Daikwo P, Dalli L, Damiani G, D'Amico E, D'Anna L, Darwesh A, Das J, Das S, Dash N, Dashti M, Dávila-Cervantes C, Weaver N, Davitoiu D, De la Hoz F, de la Torre-Luque A, De Leo D, Debopadhaya S, Degenhardt L, Del Bo' C, Delgado-Enciso I, Delgado-Saborit J, Demoze C, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dervenis N, Dervišević E, Desai H, Desai R, Devanbu V, Dewan S, Dhali A, Dhama K, Dhane A, Dhimal M, Dhimal M, Dhingra S, Dhulipala V, Dhungana R, da Silva D, Diaz D, Diaz L, Diaz M, Dima A, Ding D, Dinu M, Djalalinia S, Chi T, Phuong T, do Prado C, Dodangeh M, Dohare S, Dokova K, Dong W, Dongarwar D, D'Oria M, Dorostkar F, Dorsey E, Doshi R, Doshmangir L, Dowou R, Driscoll T, Dsouza A, Dsouza H, Dumith S, Duncan B, Duraes A, Duraisamy S, Dushpanova A, Dzianach P, Dziedzic A, Ebrahimi A, Echieh C, Ed-Dra A, Edinur H, Edvardsson D, Edvardsson K, Efendi F, Eftekharimehrabad A, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo T, Arab R, Zaki M, El-Dahiyat F, Elemam N, Elgar F, ElGohary G, Elhabashy H, Elhadi M, Elmehrath A, Elmeligy O, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Emeto T, Esfandiari N, Eshrati B, Eslami M, Esmaeili S, Estep K, Etaee F, Fabin N, Fagbamigbe A, Fagbule O, Fahimi S, Falzone L, Fareed M, Farinha C, Faris M, Faris P, Faro A, Fasina F, Fatehizadeh A, Fauk N, Fazylov T, Feigin V, Feng X, Fereshtehnejad S, Feroze A, Ferrara P, Ferrari A, Ferreira N, Fetensa G, Feyisa B, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitriana I, Flavel J, Flohr C, Flood D, Flor L, Foigt N, Folayan M, Force L, Fortuna D, Foschi M, Franklin R, Freitas A, Friedman S, Fux B, Sridevi G, Gaal P, Gaihre S, Gajdács M, Galali Y, Gallus S, Gandhi A, Ganesan B, Ganiyani M, Garcia V, Gardner W, Garg R, Gautam R, Gebi T, Gebregergis M, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremariam T, Gebremeskel T, Gerema U, Getacher L, Getahun G, Getie M, Ghadirian F, Ghafarian S, Jolfayi A, Ghailan K, Ghajar A, Ghasemi M, Dabaghi G, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghassemi F, Ghazy R, Gholami A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Gholizadeh N, Ghorbani M, Gil A, Gil G, Gilbertson N, Gill P, Gill T, Gindaba E, Girmay A, Glasbey J, Gnedovskaya E, Göbölös L, Godinho M, Goel A, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gomes N, Gopalani S, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Goulart A, Gouravani, Goyal A, Graham S, Grivna M, Grosso G, Guan S, Guarducci G, Gubari M, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Gulati S, Gulisashvili D, Gunawardane D, Guo C, Gupta A, Gupta B, Gupta M, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta V, Gupta V, Gupta V, Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Hadaro T, Hadian Z, Haep N, Haghi-Aminjan H, Haghmorad D, Hagins H, Haile D, Hailu A, Ali A, Halboub E, Halimi A, Hall B, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamadeh R, Hamdy N, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hammoud A, Hanif A, Hanifi N, Haq Z, Haque R, Harapan H, Hargono A, Haro J, Hasaballah A, Hasan I, Hasan M, Hasan S, Hasani H, Hasanian M, Hashmeh N, Hasnain S, Hassan A, Hassan I, Tabatabaei M, Hassani S, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Haubold J, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hebert J, Hegazi O, Hegena T, Heidari G, Heidari M, Helfer B, Hemmati M, Henson C, Herbert M, Herteliu C, Heuer A, Hezam K, Hinneh T, Hiraike Y, Hoan N, Holla R, Hon J, Hoque M, Horita N, Hossain S, Hosseini S, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hoven H, Hsairi M, Hsu J, Hu C, Huang J, Huda N, Hulland E, Hultström M, Hushmandi K, Hussain J, Hussein N, Huynh C, Huynh H, Ibitoye S, Idowu O, Ihler A, Ikeda N, Ikuta K, Ilesanmi O, Ilic I, Ilic M, Imam M, Immurana M, Inbaraj L, Irham L, Isa M, Islam R, Ismail F, Ismail N, Iso H, Isola G, Iwagami M, Iwu C, Iwu-Jaja C, Vinothini J, Jaafari J, Jacob L, Jacobsen K, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jain A, Jain N, Jairoun A, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Yengejeh R, Jamora R, Jatau A, Javadov S, Javaheri T, Jayaram S, Jeganathan J, Jeswani B, Jiang H, Johnson C, Jokar M, Jomehzadeh N, Jonas J, Joo T, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshi V, Joshua C, Jozwiak J, Jürisson M, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kahn E, Kalani R, Kaliyadan F, Kalra S, Kamath R, Kanagasabai T, Kanchan T, Kandel H, Kanmiki E, Kanmodi K, Kansal S, Kapner D, Kapoor N, Karagiannidis E, Karajizadeh M, Karakasis P, Karanth S, Karaye I, Karch A, Karim A, Karimi H, Karmakar S, Kashoo F, Kasraei H, Kassahun W, Kassebaum N, Kassel M, Katikireddi S, Kauppila J, Kawakami N, Kaydi N, Kayode G, Kazemi F, Keiyoro P, Kemmer L, Kempen J, Kerr J, Kesse-Guyot E, Khader Y, Khafaie M, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khalil M, Khalilian A, Khamesipour F, Khan A, Khan M, Khan M, Khan M, Khan M, Khanmohammadi S, Khatab K, Khatatbeh H, Khatatbeh M, Khatib M, Khavandegar A, Kashani H, Khidri F, Khodadoust E, Khormali M, Khorrami Z, Khosla A, Khosrowjerdi M, Khreis H, Khusun H, Kifle Z, Kim K, Kim M, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kisa A, Kisa S, Knibbs L, Knudsen A, Koh D, Kolahi A, Kompani F, Kong J, Koren G, Korja M, Korshunov V, Korzh O, Kosen S, Kothari N, Koul P, Laxminarayana S, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy V, Krishnamoorthy Y, Krishnan B, Krohn K, Defo B, Bicer B, Kuddus A, Kuddus M, Kugbey N, Kuitunen I, Kulimbet M, Kulkarni V, Kumar A, Kumar N, Kumar V, Kundu S, Kurmi O, Kusnali A, Kusuma D, Kutluk T, La Vecchia C, Ladan M, Laflamme L, Lahariya C, Lai D, Lal D, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lan Q, Lan T, Landires I, Lanfranchi F, Langguth B, Lansingh V, Laplante-Lévesque A, Larijani B, Larsson A, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Le H, Le L, Le N, Le T, Leasher J, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee P, Lee S, Lee S, Lee Y, LeGrand K, Leigh J, Leong E, Lerango T, Lescinsky H, Leung J, Li M, Li W, Li W, Li Y, Li Z, Ligade V, Lim L, Lim S, Lin R, Lin S, Liu C, Liu G, Liu J, Liu J, Liu R, Liu S, Liu W, Liu X, Liu X, Livingstone K, Llanaj E, Lohiya A, López-Bueno R, Lopukhov P, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lozano R, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Luo L, lv H, Amin H, Feei Z, Maass K, Mabrok M, Machairas N, Machoy M, Mafhoumi A, Razek M, Maghazachi A, Prasad D, Maharaj S, Mahmoud M, Mahmoudi E, Majeed A, Makram O, Makris K, Malasala S, Maled V, Malhotra K, Malik A, Malik I, Malinga L, Malta D, Mamun A, Manda A, Manla Y, Mansour A, Mansouri B, Mansouri P, Mansourian M, Mansournia M, Mantovani L, Manu E, Marateb H, Maravilla J, Marsh E, Martinez G, Martinez-Piedra R, Martini S, Martins-Melo F, Martorell M, Marx W, Maryam S, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathioudakis A, Matozinhos F, Mattumpuram J, Maugeri A, Maulik P, Mayeli M, Mazidi M, Mazzotti A, McGrath J, McKee M, McKowen A, McLaughlin S, McPhail M, McPhail S, Mechili E, Mehmood A, Mehmood K, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Nasab E, Meier T, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Meto T, Mekonnen B, Menezes R, Mengist B, Mensah G, Mensah L, Mentis A, Meo A, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mersha A, Mesfin B, Mestrovic T, Mettananda K, Mettananda S, Miazgowski T, Micha G, Michalek I, de Sá A, Miller T, Mirarefin M, Mirghafourvand M, Mirica A, Mirijello A, Mirrakhimov E, Mirshahi A, Mirzaei M, Mishra A, Mishra V, Mitchell P, Mithra P, Mittal C, Moazen B, Moberg M, Mocciaro G, Mohamadkhani A, Mohamed A, Mohamed A, Mohamed J, Mohamed M, Mohamed N, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammed H, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mokdad A, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moni M, Ghalibaf A, Moore C, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreira R, Morovatdar N, Morrison S, Morze J, Heris R, Mossialos E, Motappa R, Mougin V, Mousavi P, Msherghi A, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mueller U, Mulita F, Mullany E, Munjal K, Murillo-Zamora E, Murlimanju B, Musina A, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Muthupandian S, Muthusamy R, Muzaffar M, Myung W, Nafei A, Nagarajan A, Nagaraju S, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naghavi P, Naik G, Naik G, Nainu F, Nair T, Najdaghi S, Ansari N, Nanavaty D, Nangia V, Swamy S, Davani D, Nascimento B, Nascimento G, Nashwan A, Natto Z, Nauman J, Navaratna S, Naveed M, Nayak B, Nayak V, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba S, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi R, Nejadghaderi S, Nejjari C, Nematollahi M, Nepal S, Neupane S, Ng M, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen D, Nguyen N, Nguyen P, Phuong The Nguyen, Nguyen V, Minh D, Niazi R, Nicholson S, Nie J, Nikoobar A, Nikpoor A, Ningrum D, Nnaji C, Noman E, Nomura S, Noroozi N, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Nri-Ezedi C, Ntaios G, Ntsekhe M, Nunemo M, Nurrika D, Nutor J, Oancea B, O'Connell E, Odetokun I, O'Donnell M, Oduro M, Ogunfowokan A, Ogunkoya A, Oh I, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke S, Okekunle A, Okonji O, Olagunju A, Olasupo O, Olatubi M, Oliveira A, Oliveira G, Olorukooba A, Olufadewa I, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Oluwafemi Y, Omar H, Bali A, Omer G, Ong K, Ong S, Onwujekwe O, Onyedibe K, Oppong A, Ordak M, Orish V, Ornello R, Orpana H, Ortiz A, Ortiz-Prado E, Osman W, Ostroff S, Osuagwu U, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov S, Ouyahia A, Owolabi M, Oyeyemi I, Oyeyemi O, A M, Pacheco-Barrios K, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri J, Pal P, Palicz T, Pan F, Pan H, Pana A, Panda S, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal S, Pangaribuan H, Pantazopoulos I, Stoian A, Papadopoulou P, Parent M, Parija P, Parikh R, Park S, Park S, Parsons N, Pashaei A, Pasovic M, Passera R, Patil S, Patoulias D, Patthipati V, Paudel U, Pawar S, Toroudi H, Peden A, Pedersini P, Peng M, Pensato U, Pepito V, Peprah E, Peprah, Peres M, Perianayagam A, Perico N, Perna S, Pesudovs K, Petcu I, Petermann-Rocha F, Pham H, Philip A, Phillips M, Pickering B, Pierannunzio D, Pigeolet M, Pigott D, Piracha Z, Piradov M, Pisoni E, Piyasena M, Plass D, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Polkinghorne K, Poluru R, Pond C, Popovic D, Porru F, Postma M, Poudel G, Pour-Rashidi A, Pourshams A, Pourtaheri N, Prabhu D, Prada S, Pradhan J, Pradhan P, Prasad M, Prates E, Purnobasuki H, Purohit B, Puvvula J, Qasim N, Qattea I, Qazi A, Qian G, Qiu S, Rad M, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan R, Radhakrishnan V, Shahraki H, Rafferty Q, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Raghav P, Raheem N, Rahim F, Rahim J, Rahimifard M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman O, Rahman M, Rahmani A, Rahmani B, Rahmanian M, Rahmanian N, Rahmanian V, Rahmati M, Rahmawaty S, Raimondo D, Rajaa S, Rajendran V, Rajput P, Ramadan M, Ramasamy S, Ramasubramani P, Ramazanu S, Ramteke P, Rana J, Rana K, Ranabhat C, Rane A, Rani U, Ranta A, Rao C, Rao M, Rao P, Rao S, Rasella D, Rashedi S, Rashedi V, Rashidi M, Rashidi M, Rasouli-Saravani A, Ratan Z, Babu G, Rauniyar S, Rautalin I, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razo C, Reda Z, Reddy M, Redwan E, Reifels L, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Reshmi B, Resnikoff S, Restaino S, Reyes L, Rezaei M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rhee T, Riaz M, Ribeiro A, Rickard J, Robinson-Oden H, Rodrigues C, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez J, Roever L, Romadlon D, Ronfani L, Rosauer J, Roshandel G, Rostamian M, Rotimi K, Rout H, Roy B, Roy N, Rubagotti E, de Andrade Ruela G, Rumisha S, Runghien T, Russo M, Ruzzante S, Chandan S, Saad A, Saber K, Saber-Ayad M, Sabour S, Sacco S, Sachdev P, Sachdeva R, Saddik B, Saddler A, Sadee B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Majd E, Saeb M, Saeed U, Safari M, Safi S, Safi S, Sagar R, Sagoe D, Sharif-Askari F, Sharif-Askari N, Sahebkar A, Sahoo S, Sahu M, Saif Z, Sajid M, Sakshaug J, Salam N, Salamati P, Salami A, Salaroli L, Salehi L, Salehi S, Salem M, Salem M, Salihu D, Salimi S, Salum G, Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samodra Y, Samuel V, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanjeev R, Sanna F, Santomauro D, Santric-Milicevic M, Sarasmita M, Saraswathy S, Saravanan A, Saravi B, Sarikhani Y, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode G, Sarode S, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sattin D, Sawhney M, Saya G, Sayeed A, Abu Sayeed, Sayyah M, Schinckus C, Schmidt M, Schuermans A, Schumacher A, Schutte A, Schwarzinger M, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Selvaraj S, Semreen M, Senthilkumaran S, Serban D, Serre M, Sethi Y, Shafie M, Shah H, Shah N, Shah P, Shah S, Shahbandi A, Shaheen A, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahsavari H, Shahwan M, Shaikh M, Shaikh S, Shalash A, Sham S, Shamim M, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamshirgaran M, Shamsi M, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma M, Sharma U, Sharma V, Shastry R, Shavandi A, Shehabeldine A, Shehzadi S, Sheikh A, Shen J, Shetty A, Shetty B, Shetty P, Shiani A, Shiferaw D, Shigematsu M, Shin M, Shiri R, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar K, Shivarov V, Shool S, Shorofi S, Shrestha R, Shrestha S, Shuja K, Shuval K, Si Y, Siddig E, Silva D, Silva L, Silva S, Silva T, Simpson C, Singh A, Singh B, Singh B, Singh G, Singh H, Singh J, Singh M, Singh N, Singh P, Singh S, Sinto R, Sivakumar S, Siwal S, Skhvitaridze N, Skou S, Sleet D, Sobia F, Soboka M, Socea B, Solaimanian S, Solanki R, Solanki S, Soliman S, Somayaji R, Song Y, Sorensen R, Soriano J, Soyiri I, Spartalis M, Spearman S, Spencer C, Sreeramareddy C, Stachteas P, Stafford L, Stanaway J, Stanikzai M, Stein C, Stein D, Steinbeis F, Steiner C, Steinke S, Steiropoulos P, Stockfelt L, Stokes M, Straif K, Stranges S, Subedi N, Subramaniyan V, Suleman M, Abdulkader R, Sundström J, Sunkersing D, Sunnerhagen K, Suresh V, Swain C, Szarpak L, Szeto M, Damavandi P, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei S, Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh S, Tabatabai S, Tabche C, Tabish M, Tadakamadla S, Abkenar Y, Soodejani M, Taherkhani A, Taiba J, Takahashi K, Talaat I, Tamuzi J, Tan K, Tang H, Tat N, Taveira N, Tefera Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temesgen W, Temsah M, Teramoto M, Terefa D, Teye-Kwadjo E, Thakur R, Thangaraju P, Thankappan K, Thapar R, Thayakaran R, Thirunavukkarasu S, Thomas N, Thomas N, Tian J, Tichopad A, Ticoalu J, Tiruye T, Tobe-Gai R, Tolani M, Tolossa T, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone M, Trabelsi K, Tran J, Tran M, Tran N, Trico D, Trihandini I, Troeger C, Tromans S, Truyen T, Tsatsakis A, Tsermpini E, Tumurkhuu M, Udoakang A, Udoh A, Ullah A, Ullah S, Ullah S, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Usman J, Vaithinathan A, Vakili O, Valenti M, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, van Donkelaar A, Varga O, Vart P, Varthya S, Vasankari T, Vasic M, Vaziri S, Venketasubramanian N, Verghese N, Verma M, Veroux M, Verras G, Vervoort D, Villafañe J, Villalobos-Daniel V, Villani L, Villanueva G, Vinayak M, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollset S, Volovat S, Vos T, Vujcic I, Waheed Y, Wang C, Wang F, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wanjau M, Waqas M, Ward P, Waris A, Wassie E, Weerakoon K, Weintraub R, Weiss D, Weiss E, Weldetinsaa H, Wells K, Wen Y, Wiangkham T, Wickramasinghe N, Wilkerson C, Willeit P, Wilson S, Wong Y, Wongsin U, Wozniak S, Wu C, Wu D, Wu F, Wu Z, Xia J, Xiao H, Xu S, Xu X, Xu Y, Yadav M, Yaghoubi S, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yaribeygi H, Yasufuku Y, Ye P, Yesodharan R, Yesuf S, Yezli S, Yi S, Yiğit A, Yigzaw Z, Yin D, Yip P, Yismaw M, Yon D, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis M, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yu Y, Zadey S, Zadnik V, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zakzuk J, Zamagni G, Bin Zaman S, Zandieh G, Zanghì A, Zar H, Zare I, Zarimeidani F, Zastrozhin M, Zeng Y, Zhai C, Zhang A, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao J, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhu B, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Ziaeian B, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zimsen S, Zoghi G, Zoller T, Zumla A, Zyoud S, Zyoud S, Murray C, Gakidou E. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet 2024, 403: 2162-2203. PMID: 38762324, PMCID: PMC11120204, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00933-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisability-adjusted life yearsHigh body-mass indexTheoretical minimum risk exposure levelSocio-demographic indexBody-mass indexRisk-outcome pairsParticulate matter air pollutionChild growth failureBurden of diseaseGlobal disease burdenGlobal burdenHealth outcomesRisk factorsDisease burdenMetabolic riskAmbient particulate matter air pollutionSocio-demographic Index locationsGlobal Burden of Disease StudyBurden of Disease StudyGlobal Burden of DiseaseComparative risk assessment frameworkAge-standardised ratesExposure to risk factorsPopulation attributable fractionSpecific health outcomes
2023
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022
Mensah G, Fuster V, Murray C, Roth G, Collaborators G, Mensah G, Abate Y, Abbasian M, Abd-Allah F, Abdollahi A, Abdollahi M, Abdulah D, Abdullahi A, Abebe A, Abedi A, Abedi A, Abiodun O, Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Rmeileh N, Aburuz S, Abushouk A, Abu-Zaid A, Adane T, Adderley N, Adebayo O, Aden B, Adeyeoluwa T, Adeyomoye O, Adnani Q, Afrashteh F, Afyouni S, Afzal S, Agasthi P, Agodi A, Arriagada C, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah B, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad M, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed M, Ahmed S, Ajami M, Akinosoglou K, Ala M, AL-Ahdal T, Alalalmeh S, Al-Aly Z, Alam N, Al-amer R, Alashi A, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh M, Alema H, Alemi S, Alemu Y, Al-Gheethi A, Alhabib K, Alhalaiqa F, Ali M, Ali R, pursuing, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alikhani R, Aljunid S, Alla F, Almahmeed W, Al-Marwani S, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi R, Alvi F, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk N, Alwafi H, Aly H, Amegbor M, Amin T, Amindarolzarbi A, Amini-Rarani M, Amiri S, Ammirati E, Anand T, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anil A, Ansari G, Anyanwu P, Anyasodor A, Apostol G, Arabloo J, Arafat M, Aravkin A, Aremu O, Armocida B, Ärnlöv J, Arowosegbe O, Artamonov A, Artanti K, Arulappan J, Aruleba I, Arumugam A, Aryan Z, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Astell-Burt T, Ataei M, Athar M, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Awotidebe A, Aynalem A, Azizi Z, Azzam A, Babu A, Badar M, Bader F, Badiye A, Bagga A, Bagherieh S, Asl F, Bai R, Baker J, Bakkannavar S, Bako A, Bakshi R, Balogun S, Baltatu O, Bam K, Banach M, Bandyopadhyay S, Banik B, Banik P, Bansal K, Baradaran H, Barbic F, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barone-Adesi F, Barteit S, Barua L, Bashiri A, Bayati M, Bayileyegn N, Behboudi E, Behnoush A, Béjot Y, Belay S, Belete M, Belgaumi U, Bell M, Belo L, Bendak S, Benfor B, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Benziger C, Beran A, Berman A, Bermudez A, Bertolacci G, Beyene H, Beyene K, Bhagavathula A, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhardwaj P, Bhat V, Bhatti G, Bhatti J, Bikbov B, Bikov A, Birck M, Biswas B, Bitaraf S, Bodunrin A, Bogale E, Bogale K, Boloor A, Hashemi M, Borhany H, Boyko E, Braithwaite D, Brant L, Brauer M, Breitner S, Briko A, Bulto L, Bustanji Y, Butt Z, Calina D, Cao F, Cárdenas R, Carr S, Carreras G, Carrero J, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia J, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Cegolon M, Cerin E, Chahine Y, Chan J, Chan M, Chan R, Charalampous P, Charan J, Chattu V, Chen A, Chen C, Chen H, Chennapragada S, Chew D, Chi G, Ching P, Chitheer A, Cho S, Cho W, Chong B, Chopra H, Choudhary R, Chowdhury E, Chowdhury R, Chu D, Chukwu I, Cicero A, Cindi Z, Cioffi I, Coberly K, Coffey S, Columbus A, Conde J, Conti S, Corso B, Cortés S, Cortesi P, Costa V, Couto R, Cowart E, Criqui M, Cruz J, Dadana S, Dadras O, Dai X, Dai Z, Dalaba M, Damasceno A, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Das S, Das S, Dashti M, Dashtkoohi M, Dastmardi M, Davletov K, Debele A, Debopadhaya S, DeCleene N, Delgado-Enciso I, Delgado-Saborit J, Demessa B, Demetriades A, Deng X, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dereje N, Derese A, Desai H, Desai R, Devanbu V, Dewan S, Dey S, Dhulipala V, Diaz D, Diaz M, Ding D, Dinis-Oliveira R, Chi T, Phuong T, Doaei S, Dohare S, Dong W, D'Oria M, dos Santos W, Douiri A, Dowou R, Dsouza A, Dsouza H, Dsouza V, Du M, Duraes A, Durojaiye O, Dutta S, Dziedzic A, Ebrahimi A, Efendi D, Efendi F, Effendi D, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo T, Sayed I, Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elgar F, Elgendy I, Elhadi M, El-Huneidi W, Emamverdi M, Emeto T, Erkhembayar R, Eshetie T, Espinosa-Montero J, Etaee F, Fabin N, Fadhil I, Fagbamigbe A, Falzone L, Farinha C, Faris M, Faro A, Faruque M, Farwati M, Fasanmi A, Fatehizadeh A, Fazeli P, Feigin V, Feng X, Fereshtehnejad S, Feroze A, Ferrara P, Ferreira N, Filip I, Fleszar L, Flood D, Folayan M, Fomenkov A, Fonseca D, Fornari C, Foschi M, Franklin R, Fukumoto T, BlimaFux, Gaal P, Gadanya M, Gaidhane S, Gaipov A, Gakidou E, Galali Y, Gallus S, Gandhi A, Ganesan B, Gautam R, Gebregergis M, Gebrekidan K, Geleijnse J, Gerema U, Ghajar A, Ghamari S, Ghasemi M, Dabaghi G, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghazy R, Gholamalizadeh M, Ghuge A, Gill P, Gill T, Gillum R, Gnedovskaya E, Golchin A, Goleij P, Gorini G, Goulart A, Goyal A, Goyal K, Guan S, Guarducci G, Gudeta M, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Gulisashvili D, Gunawardane D, Guo C, Gupta A, Gupta B, Gupta I, Gupta K, Gupta M, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta V, Gupta V, Gupta V, Gurmessa L, Gutiérrez R, Habibzadeh F, Hadei M, Boroojeni H, Halimi A, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamadeh R, Hamdy N, Hamidi S, Han C, Han Q, Hankey G, Hannan A, Hargono A, Haro J, Hasan F, Hasan I, Hasani H, Hashemian M, Hasnain S, Hassan A, Hassan I, Haubold J, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hayat K, Hbid Y, Hegazi O, Hegena T, Heidari M, Helfer B, Herrera-Serna B, Herteliu C, Hesami H, Hessami K, Heydari K, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Hoan N, Holla R, Hossain M, Hossain B, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hsairi M, Huang J, Hultström M, Huynh H, Hwang B, Ibrahim K, Idowu O, Ilesanmi O, Ilic I, Ilic M, Immurana M, Inbaraj L, Iqhrammullah M, Islam M, Ismail F, Ismail N, Isola G, Iwagami M, J L, Jaafari J, Jacob L, Jafarzadeh A, Jaggi K, Jahrami H, Jain A, Jain N, Jairoun A, Jakovljevic M, Jamora R, Javadi N, Jayapal S, Jayaram S, Jebai R, Jeben R, Jee S, Jha A, Jha R, Jha V, Jiang H, Jin Y, Jobanputra Y, Johnson C, Jokar M, Joo T, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua C, Jozwiak J, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kahe F, Kalani R, Kalankesh L, Kalantar F, Kalkonde Y, Kalra S, Kamath A, Kamath S, Kamireddy A, Kanchan T, Kandel H, Kanmanthareddy A, Kanmodi K, Kansal S, Kapner D, Kar S, Karakasis P, Karki P, Kashoo F, Kasraei H, Kassahun E, Kassebaum N, Katoto P, Kaydi N, Kazemi F, Kazemian S, Kazeminia S, Kerr J, Kesse-Guyot E, Keykhaei M, Khadembashiri M, Khadembashiri M, Khafaie M, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khalid N, Khalilian A, Khalilov R, Khan A, Khan E, Khan J, Khan M, Khan M, Khan M, Khan M, Khan Y, suheb M, Khanmohammadi S, Khatab K, Khateri S, Kashani H, Kheirallah K, Khidri F, Kian S, Kifle Z, Kimokoti R, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kolahi A, Kompani F, Koren G, Kotnis A, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krishna H, Krishnamoorthy V, Krishnamoorthy Y, Kuddus A, Kuddus M, Kulimbet M, Kulkarni V, Kumar A, Kumar A, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kumar R, Kumsa N, Kunle K, Kusuma D, Kyriopoulos I, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Ladan M, Laflamme L, Lahariya C, Lahiri A, Lai D, Lallukka T, Lan Q, Landires I, Lanfranchi F, Larijani B, Larsson A, Lasrado S, Epidemiology K, Latifinaibin K, Lau J, Lauriola P, Le K, Le L, Le N, Le T, Le T, Le T, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee P, Lee S, Lee W, Lee Y, LeGrand K, Leinsalu M, Leonardi M, Lerango T, Li A, Li M, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Lim L, Lim S, Lin R, Lindstrom M, Linn S, Liu G, Liu S, Liu X, Liu X, Livingstone K, Llanaj E, Lopukhov P, Cand of Sci, Loreche A, Lorenzovici L, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lucchetti G, Lugo A, Feei Z, Madadizadeh F, Maddison R, Gómez J, Magne J, Prasad D, Mahalleh M, Mahmoud M, Mahmoudi E, Mahmoudvand B, Makram O, Rad E, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra K, Malik I, Malik M, Mallhi T, Malta D, Manilal A, Manla Y, Mansoori Y, Mansouri B, Mansouri P, Mansournia M, Marateb H, Marino M, Martini D, Martini S, Maryam S, Marzo R, Masoudi A, Masoudi S, Matei C, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathews E, Mathur M, Mattumpuram J, Maude R, Maugeri A, Mayeli M, Mazidi M, McGrath J, McPhail S, Mechili E, Medina J, Meena J, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Mendez-Lopez M, Mendoza W, Menezes R, Mengist B, Meo A, Meresa H, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Mettananda K, Mettananda S, Mhlanga L, Mi T, Jonasson J, Miazgowski T, Michalek I, Miller T, Minh L, Minja N, Sadeghi P, Mirdamadi N, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov E, Mirza M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mithra P, Moghimi Z, Mohamed J, Mohamed M, Mohamed N, Mohammadi S, Mohammed H, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Moka N, Mokdad A, Vardanjani H, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Montazeri F, Ghalibaf A, Moradi Y, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morovatdar N, Morrison S, Morze J, Mostafavi E, Mostofinejad A, Mougin V, Mousavi P, Mousavi S, Mozaffarian D, Msherghi A, Muccioli L, Mueller U, Mukherjee S, Munjal K, Murillo-Zamora E, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Mwita J, Myung W, Nagarajan A, Nagaraju S, Naik G, Naik G, Nair T, Najafi M, Ansari N, Nangia V, Swamy S, Nargus S, Nascimento B, Nascimento G, Nasoori H, Natto Z, Nauman J, Naveed M, Nayak B, Nayak V, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi R, Abadi R, Nejadghaderi S, Nejjari C, Nematollahi M, Nepal S, Ng N, Nguyen D, Nguyen P, Nguyen V, Niazi R, Nijjar S, Nizam M, Noman E, Nomura S, Noreen M, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Nri-Ezedi C, Ntsekhe M, Nurrika D, Nzoputam C, Nzoputam O, Obamiro K, O'Donnell M, Oghenetega O, Oguntade A, Oguta J, Okeke S, Okekunle A, Okidi L, Okonji O, Okwute P, Olagunju A, Olaiya M, Olana M, Olatubi M, Oliveira G, Olorukooba A, Olufadewa I, Oluwafemi Y, Oluwatunase G, Omer G, Ommati M, Ong K, Ong S, Onyedibe K, Ordak M, Ortega-Altamirano D, Ortiz A, Ortiz-Prado E, Osman W, Osuagwu U, Otoiu A, Otstavnov S, Owolabi M, A M, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri J, Varnosfaderani M, Palicz T, Palladino R, Pan F, Pan H, Pandi-Perumal S, Papadopoulou P, Park S, Passera R, Patel J, Patil S, Patoulias D, Patthipati V, Pawar S, Peden A, Pedersini P, Peng M, Pepito V, Peprah E, Pereira M, Pereira M, Peres M, Perianayagam A, Perico N, Petermann-Rocha F, Pham H, Philip A, Pigott D, Pilgrim T, Piradov M, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Polibin R, Poluru R, Pourali G, Pourshams A, Pradhan P, Prasad M, Prates E, Purohit B, Puvvula J, Qattea I, Qian G, Qureshi M, rad M, Radfar A, Alavi S, Rafique I, Raggi A, Rahim F, Rahim J, Rahimi M, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahmani A, Rahmani B, Rahmani S, Rahmanian V, Rai P, Rajaa S, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajput P, Ram P, Ram P, Ramalingam S, Ramasamy S, Ramazanu S, Ramesh P, Rana J, Rana K, Ranabhat C, Rancic N, Rane A, Ranjan S, Ranta A, Rao I, Rao M, Rao S, Rashedi S, Rashedi V, Rashid A, Rasul A, Ratan Z, Babu G, Ravikumar N, Rawaf S, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razo C, Reddy M, Redwan E, Remuzzi G, Reyes L, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Ribeiro A, Ribeiro D, Rikhtegar R, Roever L, Romadlon D, Ronfani L, Rout H, Roy N, Roy P, Rynkiewicz A, Saad A, Saadatian Z, Sabour S, Sacco S, Sachdeva R, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeed U, Safaeinejad F, Sharif-Askari F, Sharif-Askari N, Sahebkar A, Sahoo S, Sajedi S, Sajid M, Sakshaug J, Salam N, Salami A, Saleh M, Salehi S, Salem M, Salem M, Samadzadeh S, Samargandy S, Samuel V, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanjeev R, Santric-Milicevic M, Saqib M, Sarasmita M, Saravanan A, Sarikhani Y, Sarkar T, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode G, Sarode S, Sathish T, Sathyanarayan A, Sawhney M, Sayyah M, Scarmeas N, Schaarschmidt B, Schuermans A, Schumacher A, Schutte A, Schwebel D, Sedighi M, Seidu A, Semnani F, Senapati S, Sengupta P, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou S, Sethi Y, Seyedi S, Seylani A, Shabany M, Shafeghat M, Shafie M, Shah P, Shahbandi A, Shahid I, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahwan M, Shaikh M, Sham S, Shamim M, Shanawaz M, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma P, Sharma S, Sharma U, Sharma V, Sheikh A, Shiferaw D, Shigematsu M, Shin M, Shiri R, Shishani K, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar K, Shrestha S, Shuval K, Sibhat M, Sigfusdottir I, Simpson C, Singh A, Singh A, Singh A, Singh J, Singh P, Singh R, Singh S, Siraj S, Skryabin V, Skryabina A, Sleet D, Soleimani H, Solikhah S, Soliman S, Son J, Song S, Song Y, Soriano J, Spartalis M, Sreeramareddy C, Stafford L, Stark B, Steiropoulos P, Stortecky S, Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sundström J, Swain C, Damavandi P, Tabatabaei S, Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh S, Tabatabai S, Tabb K, Tabish M, Tabuchi T, Tadese F, Abkenar Y, Taiba J, Talaat I, Tampa M, Tamuzi J, Tan K, Tang H, Tarkang E, Tat N, Tavangar S, Tehrani H, Teimoori M, Temsah M, Temsah R, Teramoto M, Thangaraju P, Thankappan K, Thapa R, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Thayakaran R, Thomas N, Tian J, Tichopad A, Tillawi T, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone M, Tran J, Tran N, Van Tran P, Trihandini I, Tripathi A, Tromans S, Truong V, Truyen T, Tsatsakis A, Tsegay G, Tsermpini E, Tumurkhuu M, Tung K, Ubah C, Udoakang A, Udoh A, Ullah A, Ullah S, Umair M, Umar T, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Usman J, Vahabi S, Vaithinathan A, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, Varga O, Varma S, Vart P, Varthya S, Vasankari T, Vellingiri B, Vervoort D, Villafañe J, Violante F, Viskadourou M, Volovat S, Vos T, Vujcic I, Wafa H, Wahab F, Wang C, Wang F, Wang N, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wei M, Werdecker A, Wickramasinghe N, Wijeratne T, Wilandika A, Wilson S, Wolfe C, Wongsin U, Wu Z, Xiao H, Xu S, Xu X, Yadav L, Yano Y, Yaribeygi H, Yasufuku Y, Nia I, Ye P, Yesuf S, Yezli S, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yilma M, Yon D, Yonemoto N, Yousefi Z, Yperzeele L, Yu C, Yunusa I, Zafari N, Tajrishi F, Zakham F, Zastrozhin M, Zeineddine M, Zemedikun D, Zeng Y, Zhai C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zheng P, Zhong C, Zhou S, Zhu B, Zhu L, Zielińska M, Zikarg Y, Zmaili M, Zoeckler L, Zou Z, Zumla A, Zweck E, Zyoud S, Fuster V, Murray C, Roth G. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2023, 82: 2350-2473. PMID: 38092509, PMCID: PMC7615984, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.11.007.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
2021
Differences Between Patients With Intermittent Claudication and Critical Limb Ischemia Undergoing Endovascular Intervention: Insights From the Excellence in Peripheral Artery Disease Registry
Patel K, Liu Y, Etaee F, Patel C, Monteleone P, Patel M, Alaiti M, Metzger C, Banerjee A, Minniefield N, Tejani I, Brilakis E, Shishehbor M, Banerjee S. Differences Between Patients With Intermittent Claudication and Critical Limb Ischemia Undergoing Endovascular Intervention: Insights From the Excellence in Peripheral Artery Disease Registry. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2021, 14: e010635. PMID: 34706553, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.121.010635.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCritical limb ischemiaPeripheral Artery Disease (XLPAD) registryIntermittent claudicationPeripheral artery diseaseArtery diseaseEndovascular interventionDisease RegistryMajor adverse limb event ratesMajor adverse limb eventsMultilevel peripheral artery diseaseAdverse limb eventsAdverse limb outcomesOptimal medical therapyTarget limb revascularizationBaseline risk factorsChronic kidney diseaseEndovascular revascularization strategiesFemoropopliteal artery interventionAngiographic distributionCause mortalityEndovascular revascularizationLimb revascularizationMultivariable adjustmentLimb ischemiaLimb outcomes
2020
CHA2DS2-VASc and readmission with new-onset atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or acute cerebrovascular accident
Rutland J, Ayoub K, Etaee F, Ogunbayo G, Darrat Y, Marji M, Masri A, Elayi C. CHA2DS2-VASc and readmission with new-onset atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or acute cerebrovascular accident. International Journal Of Cardiology 2020, 323: 72-76. PMID: 32800906, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.027.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAtrial FibrillationAtrial FlutterHumansPatient ReadmissionRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsStrokeConceptsAF/atrial flutterAcute cerebrovascular accidentCerebrovascular accidentAtrial flutterAtrial fibrillationIndex hospitalizationAtrial arrhythmiasNew-onset atrial fibrillationOverall re-admission rateNew-onset atrial arrhythmiasPrior atrial arrhythmiaLarge contemporary cohortNationwide Readmissions DatabaseRe-admission ratesMonths of hospitalizationVASc risk scoreCHA2DS2-VAScCause mortalityReadmission ratesSecondary outcomesHospital readmissionHospitalized patientsPrimary outcomeContemporary cohortStudy cohort
2019
Contemporary practice pattern of permanent pacing for conduction disorders in inferior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Misumida N, Ogunbayo G, Catanzaro J, Etaee F, Kim S, Abdel‐Latif A, Ziada K, Elayi C. Contemporary practice pattern of permanent pacing for conduction disorders in inferior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. Clinical Cardiology 2019, 42: 728-734. PMID: 31173380, PMCID: PMC6671775, DOI: 10.1002/clc.23210.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsST-elevation myocardial infarctionHigh-degree AV blockInferior ST-elevation myocardial infarctionSinoatrial node dysfunctionPermanent pacemaker implantationPacemaker implantationConduction disordersComplete AV blockAV blockContemporary practice patternsPermanent pacemakerMyocardial infarctionPractice patternsNational Inpatient Sample databaseSecond-degree AV blockAtrioventricular conduction disordersOptimal waiting periodMobitz type II second-degree AV blockInferior myocardial infarctionHospital mortalityMedian intervalPermanent pacingPrimary diagnosisPatientsSinoatrial node