2015
Dimethyl fumarate selectively reduces memory T cells in multiple sclerosis patients
Longbrake E, Ramsbottom M, Cantoni C, Ghezzi L, Cross A, Piccio L. Dimethyl fumarate selectively reduces memory T cells in multiple sclerosis patients. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2015, 22: 1061-1070. PMID: 26459150, PMCID: PMC4829494, DOI: 10.1177/1352458515608961.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDMF-treated patientsMemory T cellsMultiple sclerosis patientsT cellsMS patientsDendritic cellsSclerosis patientsEffector memory T cellsUntreated MS patientsMyeloid dendritic cellsAbsolute lymphocyte countPlasmacytoid dendritic cellsNatural killer cellsNaïve T cellsMechanism of actionLymphocyte countLymphopenic patientsRegulatory cellsKiller cellsPeripheral bloodImmune cellsHealthy controlsPatientsB cellsFlow cytometry
2008
Intra‐neural administration of fractalkine attenuates neuropathic pain‐related behaviour
Holmes FE, Arnott N, Vanderplank P, Kerr NC, Longbrake EE, Popovich PG, Imai T, Combadière C, Murphy PM, Wynick D. Intra‐neural administration of fractalkine attenuates neuropathic pain‐related behaviour. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2008, 106: 640-649. PMID: 18410510, PMCID: PMC2726982, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05419.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalgesicsAnimalsBehavior, AnimalChemokine CX3CL1CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1Disease Models, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, DrugGanglia, SpinalGene Expression RegulationMacrophagesMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, KnockoutPain MeasurementPain ThresholdReaction TimeReceptors, ChemokineRNA, MessengerSciaticaSpinal CordTime FactorsConceptsDorsal root gangliaNeuropathic pain-related behaviorLumbar dorsal root gangliaBALB/c controlsDevelopment of allodyniaIntra-neural injectionSciatic nerve proximalNeuropathic pain statesNerve injury modelSciatic nerve axotomyPain-related behaviorsExpression of CX3CR1Site of injuryNumber of cytokinesNeuropathic painNerve axotomyPain statesNerve proximalRoot gangliaSciatic nerveInjury modelCX3CR1 mRNAFractalkine mRNAKnockout miceAxotomyRemote activation of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines predict the onset and severity of below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in rats
Detloff MR, Fisher LC, McGaughy V, Longbrake EE, Popovich PG, Basso DM. Remote activation of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines predict the onset and severity of below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in rats. Experimental Neurology 2008, 212: 337-347. PMID: 18511041, PMCID: PMC2600773, DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.04.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral nerve injuryL5 dorsal hornRemote microglial activationLevel allodyniaPro-inflammatory cytokinesMicroglial activationNeuropathic painNerve injuryDorsal hornLevel painPro-inflammatory cytokine productionActivator of microgliaLevel neuropathic painRobust microglial activationChronic time pointsSpinal cord injuryLevel of injuryAllodynic ratsChronic allodyniaModerate SCISupraspinal centersCord injuryCytokine productionIL-6IL-1beta
2007
Characterization and modeling of monocyte‐derived macrophages after spinal cord injury
Longbrake EE, Lai W, Ankeny DP, Popovich PG. Characterization and modeling of monocyte‐derived macrophages after spinal cord injury. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2007, 102: 1083-1094. PMID: 17663750, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04617.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsB7-1 AntigenCD11b AntigenCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalFemaleFlow CytometryGene Expression RegulationHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIIn Vitro TechniquesMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPhagocytosisReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, MessengerSpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsConceptsSpinal cord injuryMonocyte-derived macrophagesBone marrow-derived macrophagesCord injurySpinal cordContext of SCIMarrow-derived macrophagesNeuroinflammatory reactionThioglycollate-elicited peritonealEffector cellsPeripheral macrophagesResident peritonealCytokine expressionLaser capture microdissectionReal-time PCRMacrophage subsetsMDM differentiationInjuryMacrophagesCapture microdissectionCordPeritonealMDM responseFunctional consequencesFuture studies