2013
Opioid Receptor Polymorphism A118G Associated with Clinical Severity in a Drug Overdose Population
Manini A, Jacobs M, Vlahov D, Hurd Y. Opioid Receptor Polymorphism A118G Associated with Clinical Severity in a Drug Overdose Population. Journal Of Medical Toxicology 2013, 9: 148-154. PMID: 23318993, PMCID: PMC3648633, DOI: 10.1007/s13181-012-0286-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAlternative SplicingAmino Acid SubstitutionBenzodiazepinesCohort StudiesDrug OverdoseFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGenetic Association StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHeart ArrestHumansMaleNarcoticsPilot ProjectsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideProspective StudiesReceptors, Opioid, muRespiratory InsufficiencySeverity of Illness IndexSympathomimeticsUnited StatesConceptsAcute drug overdoseG variant alleleClinical severityVariant allelesEmergency departmentDrug overdoseSingle nucleotide polymorphismsConsecutive adult ED patientsHuman mu-opioid receptor geneReceptor single nucleotide polymorphismsWorse clinical severityAdult ED patientsObservational cohort studyUrban teaching hospitalMu-opioid receptor geneAbove single nucleotide polymorphismsCohort studyED patientsRespiratory arrestCardiac arrestClinical variablesAcute drugSevere outcomesTeaching hospitalBlood samples
2003
Longitudinal Patterns of Drug Injection Behavior in the ALIVE Study Cohort,1988–2000: Description and Determinants
Galai N, Safaeian M, Vlahov D, Bolotin A, Celentano D. Longitudinal Patterns of Drug Injection Behavior in the ALIVE Study Cohort,1988–2000: Description and Determinants. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2003, 158: 695-704. PMID: 14507606, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwg209.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersDrug injection behaviorDrug usersIntravenous Experience (ALIVE) studyDrug treatment programsHistory of incarcerationLogistic regression modelsALIVE studySemiannual visitsMultinomial logistic regression modelsBaseline factorsChronic diseasesDrug injectionRecent overdoseCessation attemptsDrug use transitionsDrug injectorsCommunity outreach effortsLongitudinal patternsHigh mortalityEarly determinantsYounger ageTreatment programInjection behaviorStudy period
2002
Highly active antiretroviral treatment does not increase sexual risk behaviour among French HIV infected injecting drug users
Bouhnik A, Moatti J, Vlahov D, Gallais H, Dellamonica P, Obadia Y. Highly active antiretroviral treatment does not increase sexual risk behaviour among French HIV infected injecting drug users. Journal Of Epidemiology & Community Health 2002, 56: 349. PMID: 11964431, PMCID: PMC1732133, DOI: 10.1136/jech.56.5.349.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSexual risk behaviorsAntiretroviral treatmentDrug usersRisk behaviorsPrescription of HAARTActive antiretroviral therapyProportion of patientsActive antiretroviral treatmentUnprotected sexual intercourseFrench HIVAntiretroviral therapyClinical improvementCohort studyTreatment-NaiveHIV transmissionAIDS careHAARTHIV riskHigh-risk activitiesHospital departmentsSexual riskHIVSexual intercourseMultivariate modelLongitudinal analysis
2000
The effect of a needle exchange program on numbers of discarded needles: a 2-year follow-up.
Doherty M, Junge B, Rathouz P, Garfein R, Riley E, Vlahov D. The effect of a needle exchange program on numbers of discarded needles: a 2-year follow-up. American Journal Of Public Health 2000, 90: 936-9. PMID: 10846512, PMCID: PMC1446248, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.90.6.936.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1999
Persistence of viremia and the importance of long‐term follow‐up after acute hepatitis C infection
Villano S, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Cohn S, Thomas D. Persistence of viremia and the importance of long‐term follow‐up after acute hepatitis C infection. Hepatology 1999, 29: 908-914. PMID: 10051497, DOI: 10.1002/hep.510290311.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRecombinant immunoblot assayHCV RNAAcute infectionViral clearanceAcute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infectionAcute hepatitis C infectionHepatitis C virus infectionPersistence of viremiaAcute HCV infectionAcute hepatitis CC virus infectionHepatitis C infectionTime of seroconversionPeak viral titersHealth care providersSingle laboratory testIllicit drug useHCV seroconversionC infectionHCV infectionHepatitis CPersistent viremiaClinical featuresHCV subtypesPolymerase chain reactionCell-associated infectious HIV-1 viral load as a predictor of clinical progression and survival among HIV-1 infected injection drug users and homosexual men
Lyles C, Graham N, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Margolick J, Saah A, Farzadegan H. Cell-associated infectious HIV-1 viral load as a predictor of clinical progression and survival among HIV-1 infected injection drug users and homosexual men. European Journal Of Epidemiology 1999, 15: 99-108. PMID: 10204638, DOI: 10.1023/a:1007556327269.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsBacterial InfectionsCause of DeathCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesConfidence IntervalsDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHIV InfectionsHIV-1Homosexuality, MaleHumansImmunocompromised HostLeukocytes, MononuclearMalePredictive Value of TestsProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurvival AnalysisSurvival RateViral LoadViremiaConceptsHIV-1 viral loadViral loadHomosexual menRisk groupsHIV-1Relative hazardDrug usersPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsMicroculture techniqueBlood mononuclear cellsInjection drug usersHIV-1 progressionInitial CD4Clinical progressionMononuclear cellsNegative culturesPredictive valueSurvival analysisBacterial infectionsTotal participantsAIDSProgressionInfectious unitsCells/Death
1997
HIV Infection and Cognition in Intravenous Drug Users
Selnes O, Galai N, McArthur J, Cohn S, Royal W, Esposito D, Vlahov D. HIV Infection and Cognition in Intravenous Drug Users. Neurology 1997, 48: 223-230. PMID: 9008522, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.48.1.223.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1996
The relationship between risk networks' patterns of crack cocaine and alcohol consumption and HIV-related sexual behaviors among adult injection drug users: a prospective study
Latkin C, Mandell W, Vlahov D. The relationship between risk networks' patterns of crack cocaine and alcohol consumption and HIV-related sexual behaviors among adult injection drug users: a prospective study. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 1996, 42: 175-181. PMID: 8912800, DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01279-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAlcoholismBlack or African AmericanComorbidityCrack CocaineFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHeroin DependenceHIV InfectionsHumansMaleOpioid-Related DisordersPeer GroupProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSexual BehaviorSocial FacilitationSocial SupportSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsInjection drug usersSexual risk behaviorsRisk behaviorsAlcohol consumptionDrug usersInner-city injection drug usersSex partnersAdult injection drug usersAlcohol useHIV preventive interventionsMultiple sex partnersSexual behaviorCrack cocaine useCasual sex partnersSelf-reported sexual behaviorSelf-reported drugProspective studyIndex participantsNontreatment sampleSocial contextProspective associationsPreventive interventionsCocaine useAfrican American malesInfluence of peersAn International Collaborative Study of the Effects of Coinfection with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease Progression in Injection Drug Users
Hershow R, Galai N, Fukuda K, Graber J, Vlahov D, Rezza G, Klein R, Jarlais D, Vitek C, Khabbaz R, Freels S, Zuckerman R, Pezzotti P, Kaplan J. An International Collaborative Study of the Effects of Coinfection with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease Progression in Injection Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 174: 309-317. PMID: 8699060, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.2.309.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersCD4 cell percentCell percentHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progressionHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionDrug usersInfected injection drug usersVirus type 1 infectionHuman T-lymphotropic virus type IIHIV seroconversion datesHTLV-II infectionType 1 infectionProportional hazards modelEffect of coinfectionSeroconversion datesCohort studyHIV infectionHTLV infectionDisease progressionAIDS mortalityHTLV-IIHazards modelRate of declineInternational collaborative studyWestern blotThe long‐term outcome of a personal network‐oriented HIV prevention intervention for injection drug users: The SAFE study
Latkin C, Mandell W, Vlahov D, Oziemkowska M, Celentano D. The long‐term outcome of a personal network‐oriented HIV prevention intervention for injection drug users: The SAFE study. American Journal Of Community Psychology 1996, 24: 341-364. PMID: 8864208, DOI: 10.1007/bf02512026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeedle sharingSocial influence processesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviorsNetwork-oriented interventionMultiple logistic regression modelFrequent needle sharingSharing of cookersHIV-seronegative participantsLong-term outcomesInfluence processesInjection drug usersHIV prevention interventionsSelf-reported behavioral outcomesHealth-related behaviorsLogistic regression modelsALIVE studyExperimental study designSeronegative participantsHIV preventionBaseline interviewPrevention interventionsEpidemiological studiesSignificant negative associationDrug usersPreventive interventionsExistence and Failure of T-Cell Homeostasis Prior to AIDS Onset in HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users
Galai N, Margolick J, Astemborski J, Vlahov D. Existence and Failure of T-Cell Homeostasis Prior to AIDS Onset in HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users. Clinical Immunology 1996, 79: 134-141. PMID: 8620619, DOI: 10.1006/clin.1996.0060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersTotal T cellsT cell homeostasisT cellsHIV infectionAIDS onsetAIDS diagnosisHomosexual menDrug usersCurrent injection drug useSeropositive injection drug usersInjection drug useT cell levelsImportant prognostic valueALIVE studyClinic visitsPrognostic valueRisk groupsT lymphocytesAIDS casesLate failureDrug useHIVAIDSMonthsAlcohol Use and T‐Lymphocyte Subsets among Injection Drug Users with HIV‐1 Infection: A Prospective Analysis
Crum R, Galai N, Cohn S, Celentano D, Vlahov D. Alcohol Use and T‐Lymphocyte Subsets among Injection Drug Users with HIV‐1 Infection: A Prospective Analysis. Alcohol Clinical And Experimental Research 1996, 20: 364-371. PMID: 8730231, DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01654.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersCohort of IDUsT lymphocyte subsetsDrinks/weekHIV seroconversionAlcohol useYears postseroconversionDrug usersAlcohol categoriesHIV-positive injection drug usersCD8 absolute countsHIV-1 seroconvertersProgression of immunodeficiencyLevels of CD4Intravenous drug useT lymphocyte subpopulationsFirst prospective studyHIV-1 infectionTime of seroconversionSignificant differencesEarly intervention programsHIV infectionHIV progressionOutpatient clinicProspective study
1995
Clinical characteristics and prognostic value of acute retroviral syndrome among injecting drug users
Dorrucci M, Rezza G, Vlahov D, Pezzotti P, Sinicco A, Nicolosi A, Lazzarin A, Galai N, Gafà S, Pristerà R. Clinical characteristics and prognostic value of acute retroviral syndrome among injecting drug users. AIDS 1995, 9: 597-604. PMID: 7662199, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199506000-00011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute retroviral syndromeHIV infectionHIV seroconvertersRelative hazardDrug usersFirst positive HIV testYear of seroconversionPositive HIV testRate of CD4Kaplan-Meier estimatesCumulative AIDS incidenceAsymptomatic seroconvertersHIV seroconversionClinical characteristicsHIV testClinical progressionPrognostic valueProspective studyClinical centersSeroconvertersCell declineSeroconversionCell countSyndromeNatural historyChanges in Markers of Disease Progression in HIV-1 Seroconverters
Galai N, Vlahov D, Margolick J, Chen K, Graham N, Munoz A. Changes in Markers of Disease Progression in HIV-1 Seroconverters. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1995, 8: 66-82. PMID: 8548349, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199501000-00011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHomosexual menDrug usersDisease progressionRisk groupsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progressionHIV-1 seroconversionHIV-1 seroconvertersT lymphocyte subsetsImmune deficiency syndromeWhite homosexual menCD8 percentagesTotal lymphocytesHIV infectionSimilar CD4HIV seroconvertersDeficiency syndromeInitial courseSeroconversionCD4Long incubation periodSeroconvertersMenCohortInfectionSimilar rates
1994
Suspected determinants of enrollment into detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment among injecting drug users
Schütz C, Rapiti E, Vlahov D, Anthony J. Suspected determinants of enrollment into detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment among injecting drug users. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 1994, 36: 129-138. PMID: 7851280, DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(94)90095-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAmphetamineBaltimoreCocaineCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeroin DependenceHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMethadoneMiddle AgedOpioid-Related DisordersPatient Acceptance of Health CarePatient AdmissionProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSocial EnvironmentSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSubstance-Related DisordersUrban PopulationConceptsMethadone maintenance treatmentMethadone maintenance programDrug usersIndependent predictorsMaintenance treatmentMultiple logistic regression analysisLogistic regression analysisProspective study designTime of recruitmentActive drug usersCross-sectional investigationIDU participantsMethadone maintenanceDrug overdoseNext followDetoxification programCommunity outreach effortsTreatment settingsPrior treatmentDrug useDetoxification treatmentStudy designUntreated drug usersTreatmentRegression analysisDrug‐related behavior change for HIV transmission among American injection drug users
CELENTANO D, MUÑOZ A, CORN S, NELSON K, VLAHOV D. Drug‐related behavior change for HIV transmission among American injection drug users. Addiction 1994, 89: 1309-1317. PMID: 7804092, DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03310.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersSeropositive injection drug usersRisk behaviorsHIV infectionDrug usersActive injection drug usersDrug-related risk behaviorsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissionHigh-risk drug-related behaviorsSemi-annual visitsMultiple logistic regressionBehavior changeGreater risk reductionDrug-related behaviorsLow-risk behaviorsSeropositive participantsHIV serostatusHIV transmissionLongitudinal cohortVaccine developmentPrevention programsLogistic regressionAIDS epidemicVirus transmissionBehavior maintenanceField effectiveness of needle disinfection among injecting drug users.
Vlahov D, Astemborski J, Solomon L, Nelson K. Field effectiveness of needle disinfection among injecting drug users. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1994, 7: 760-6. PMID: 8207660.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV seroconversionOdds ratioDrug usersNeedle disinfectionPutative protective effectCase-control studyCorresponding odds ratiosSterile injection equipmentDisinfectant useInjection equipmentLimited statistical powerStudy entryHIV seroconvertersResidual confoundingPossible confoundersCocaine injectionProtective effectSeroconversionDrug useUse of disinfectantsBlack heterosexualsPractice variablesField effectivenessSeroconvertersSeronegativesComparison of self-reported injection frequencies for past 30 days and 6 months among intravenous drug users
Schültz C, Vlahov D, Anthony J, Graham N. Comparison of self-reported injection frequencies for past 30 days and 6 months among intravenous drug users. Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology 1994, 47: 191-195. PMID: 8113828, DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90024-8.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1992
HIV-1 infection and intravenous drug use: longitudinal neuropsychological evaluation of asymptomatic subjects.
Selnes O, McArthur J, Royal W, Updike M, Nance-Sproson T, Concha M, Gordon B, Solomon L, Vlahov D. HIV-1 infection and intravenous drug use: longitudinal neuropsychological evaluation of asymptomatic subjects. Neurology 1992, 42: 1924-30. PMID: 1407574, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.42.10.1924.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersIntravenous drug useDrug usersHIV infectionSerostatus groupsHIV-seropositive intravenous drug usersDrug useHIV-1 infectionHigh-risk groupRoute of acquisitionLongitudinal neuropsychological evaluationCross-sectional comparisonPreexisting deficitAsymptomatic subjectsLongitudinal followAdditional cognitive impairmentPresymptomatic stageNeurocognitive abnormalitiesCognitive impairmentNeuropsychological evaluationNeuropsychological deficitsSame cohortBisexual menInfectionSignificant differencesChanges in T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Intravenous Drug Users With HIV-1 Infection
Margolick J, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Solomon L, Astemborski J, Cohn S, Nelson K. Changes in T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Intravenous Drug Users With HIV-1 Infection. JAMA 1992, 267: 1631-1636. PMID: 1347321, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1992.03480120069035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSeropositive intravenous drug usersIntravenous drug usersHIV-1 infectionHIV-1-seropositive intravenous drug usersDrug usersCell countSeronegative intravenous drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Complete blood cell countImmunodeficiency virus type 1Absolute numberCD4 cell countCD4 lymphocyte countPercentage of CD4T lymphocyte subsetsCD8 T cellsT cell subsetsCommunity-based clinicsBlood cell countTime of seroconversionVirus type 1Multivariate regression analysisUse of drugsCD4 lymphocytesCD8 lymphocytes