2007
Identifying injection drug users at risk of nonfatal overdose.
Coffin P, Tracy M, Bucciarelli A, Ompad D, Vlahov D, Galea S. Identifying injection drug users at risk of nonfatal overdose. Academic Emergency Medicine 2007, 14: 616-23. PMID: 17554010, DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.04.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersHabitual drug usersNonfatal overdoseAggressive prevention effortsAgonist maintenance treatmentSerious withdrawal symptomsInjection drug usersFurther longitudinal studiesIndividual-level risk factorsTake-home naloxoneOverdose prevention interventionsFuture overdosesMaintenance treatmentWithdrawal symptomsRisk factorsDrug overdoseRecent overdoseEmergency physiciansOverdose riskPrevention interventionsHigh riskOverdoseMedical careYounger ageU.S. adults
1996
The relationship between risk networks' patterns of crack cocaine and alcohol consumption and HIV-related sexual behaviors among adult injection drug users: a prospective study
Latkin C, Mandell W, Vlahov D. The relationship between risk networks' patterns of crack cocaine and alcohol consumption and HIV-related sexual behaviors among adult injection drug users: a prospective study. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 1996, 42: 175-181. PMID: 8912800, DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01279-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAlcoholismBlack or African AmericanComorbidityCrack CocaineFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHeroin DependenceHIV InfectionsHumansMaleOpioid-Related DisordersPeer GroupProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSexual BehaviorSocial FacilitationSocial SupportSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsInjection drug usersSexual risk behaviorsRisk behaviorsAlcohol consumptionDrug usersInner-city injection drug usersSex partnersAdult injection drug usersAlcohol useHIV preventive interventionsMultiple sex partnersSexual behaviorCrack cocaine useCasual sex partnersSelf-reported sexual behaviorSelf-reported drugProspective studyIndex participantsNontreatment sampleSocial contextProspective associationsPreventive interventionsCocaine useAfrican American malesInfluence of peers
1994
Drug smoking, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and immunosuppression increase risk of bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive injection drug users.
Caiaffa W, Vlahov D, Graham N, Astemborski J, Solomon L, Nelson K, Muñoz A. Drug smoking, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and immunosuppression increase risk of bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive injection drug users. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 1994, 150: 1493-1498. PMID: 7952605, DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.150.6.7952605.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsCocaineCohort StudiesCrack CocaineFemaleHIV SeronegativityHIV SeropositivityHIV-1HumansImmunocompromised HostIncidenceMaleMarijuana SmokingOdds RatioPneumoniaPneumonia, PneumocystisRisk FactorsSmokingSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSubstance-Related DisordersConceptsInjection drug usersPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaHIV-seropositive injection drug usersBacterial pneumoniaOdds ratioCarinii pneumoniaCigarette smokingFirst episodeDrug usersIllicit drugsSeropositive injection drug usersCD4 lymphocyte countHIV-seronegative subjectsMedical record reviewHuman immunodeficiency virusCells/Conditional logistic regressionSeronegative subjectsCohort studyLymphocyte countRecord reviewImmunodeficiency virusControl subjectsRisk factorsUnivariate analysis