2001
Sex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective
Strathdee S, Galai N, Safaiean M, Celentano D, Vlahov D, Johnson L, Nelson K. Sex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective. JAMA Internal Medicine 2001, 161: 1281-1288. PMID: 11371255, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.161.10.1281.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersIncidence of HIVHIV seroconversionRisk factorsProspective studyDrug usersHigh-risk heterosexual activityHuman immunodeficiency virus interventionsHIV-negative injection drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionFemale injection drug usersImmunodeficiency virus infectionInjection drug useDrug-related risksHomosexual activityTime-dependent covariatesHIV testMedian agePerson yearsDaily injectionsNeedle sharingCocaine injectionHIV riskVirus infectionSeroconversion
2000
Correlates of HIV infection among young adult short-term injection drug users
Doherty M, Garfein R, Monterroso E, Brown D, Vlahov D. Correlates of HIV infection among young adult short-term injection drug users. AIDS 2000, 14: 717-726. PMID: 10807195, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200004140-00011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersYoung injection drug usersInjection drug useHIV infectionDrug usersDrug useSpeedball injectionAnal sexCurrent injection drug usersShort-term injectorsReceptive anal sexYears of ageLifetime sex partnersCross-sectional surveySignificant bivariate associationsHIV incidenceHIV prevalenceSexual transmissionAmphetamine injectionsIncidence rateInjecting practicesHIVNew infectionsSex partnersInjection initiation
1998
Operation Red Box: A Pilot Project of Needle and Syringe Drop Boxes for Injection Drug Users in East Baltimore
Riley E, Beilenson P, Vlahov D, Smith L, Koenig M, Jones T, Doherty M. Operation Red Box: A Pilot Project of Needle and Syringe Drop Boxes for Injection Drug Users in East Baltimore. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1998, 18: s120-s125. PMID: 9663634, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00020.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1997
Update on the Seroepidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States Household Population
McQuillan G, Khare M, Karon* J, Schable† C, Vlahov‡ D. Update on the Seroepidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States Household Population. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1997, 14: 355-357. PMID: 9111478, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199704010-00008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of ageHIV infectionBlack men 40Human immunodeficiency virusNutrition Examination SurveyThird National HealthEstimates of seroprevalenceAnalysis of nonresponseNHANES III estimateBlack womenUnited States household populationMen 40HIV prevalenceImmunodeficiency virusExamination SurveyOverall prevalenceNational HealthHigh riskIndividuals 18Drug useHIVInfectionConfidence intervalsHousehold populationPrevalence
1996
Viral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses.
Garfein R, Vlahov D, Galai N, Doherty M, Nelson K. Viral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses. American Journal Of Public Health 1996, 86: 655-661. PMID: 8629715, PMCID: PMC1380472, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.86.5.655.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusViral infectionSeroprevalence of HCVBlood-borne viral infectionsHuman T-lymphotropic virus type IShort-term injectorsHuman immunodeficiency virusSexual risk reduction interventionInjection drug usersIllicit drug injectorsRisk reduction interventionsVirus type IHepatitis CHepatitis BHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusPrimary preventionC virusB virusHuman immunodeficiencyDrug injectionSequential cohortsDrug injectorsLymphotropic virus
1994
Voluntary Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a Prison Population with a High Prevalence of HIV
Behrendt C, Kendig N, Dambita C, Horman J, Lowlor J, Vlahov D. Voluntary Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a Prison Population with a High Prevalence of HIV. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1994, 139: 918-926. PMID: 8166142, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117098.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusHIV-seropositive inmatesVoluntary testingHIV seroprevalenceImmunodeficiency virusCurrent syphilis infectionHigh HIV seroprevalenceSimilar risk factorsMandatory HIV testingSyphilis infectionHIV infectionHIV serosurveyHIV testingRisk factorsHigh prevalencePrison entrantsLower riskPrison populationHigh-risk inmatesDrug useSimilar screeningRisk inmatesSeroprevalenceSerosurveyInfectionMaturity of human immunodeficiency virus infection and incubation period of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in injecting drug users
Alcabes P, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Friedland G. Maturity of human immunodeficiency virus infection and incubation period of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in injecting drug users. Annals Of Epidemiology 1994, 4: 17-26. PMID: 7911376, DOI: 10.1016/1047-2797(94)90038-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeBaltimoreCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCohort StudiesConfidence IntervalsHIV InfectionsHIV SeroprevalenceHomosexualityHumansIncidenceLeukocyte CountLife TablesMaleModels, StatisticalNew York CityPlatelet CountRegression AnalysisSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurvival RateTime FactorsConceptsHIV infectionDrug usersImmunodeficiency syndromeMedian timeCombined cohortHomosexual menHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemicPercent of CD4Immunodeficiency virus infectionIncident HIV infectionProduct-limit methodMarkers of maturityHIV incubation distributionsPlatelet countVirus infectionLarge cohortSeroconversionCohortInfectionConfidence intervalsIncubation distributionAIDSVirus epidemicPopulation groups
1992
Effect of Chronic Substance Abuse on the Neuropsychological Performance of Intravenous Drug Users with a High Prevalence of HIV-1 Seropositivity
Concha M, Graham N, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Royal W, Updike M, Nance-Sproson T, Seines O, McArthur J. Effect of Chronic Substance Abuse on the Neuropsychological Performance of Intravenous Drug Users with a High Prevalence of HIV-1 Seropositivity. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1992, 136: 1338-1348. PMID: 1362630, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116446.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge FactorsBaltimoreBlack or African AmericanCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesChronic DiseaseCognition DisordersConfounding Factors, EpidemiologicEducational StatusEmploymentEvaluation Studies as TopicFemaleHIV SeropositivityHIV SeroprevalenceHIV-1HumansLeukocyte CountLinear ModelsMaleMass ScreeningNeuropsychological TestsPopulation SurveillancePredictive Value of TestsPrisonsPsychomotor PerformanceSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsNeuropsychological test performanceHIV-1 seropositivityIntravenous drug usersTest performanceNeuropsychological performancePractice effectsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionDrug usersVirus type 1 infectionSubstance abuseSignificant practice effectsHIV-1 serostatusType 1 infectionIntravenous Experience (ALIVE) studyFrequency of drugChronic substance abuseNeuropsychological functioningCognitive performanceImmunodeficiency syndromeAsymptomatic stageHigh prevalenceOutcome measuresDrug useIntoxicated individualsMultivariate analysisMeasurement of HIV risk behaviors among intravenous drug users
SAMUELS J, VLAHOV D, ANTHONY J, CHAISSON R. Measurement of HIV risk behaviors among intravenous drug users. Addiction 1992, 87: 417-428. PMID: 1559040, DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01942.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsHIV InfectionsHIV SeroprevalenceHumansIllicit DrugsRisk FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousCorrelates of human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users: are treatment‐program samples misleading?
ALCABES P, VLAHOV D, ANTHONY J. Correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users: are treatment‐program samples misleading? Addiction 1992, 87: 47-54. PMID: 1311973, DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01899.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHIV-1 seropositivityDrug usersTreatment programHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV-1 seroprevalenceImmunodeficiency virus infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusDrug use characteristicsCommunity-based sampleDrug use behaviorsImmunodeficiency virusPossible selection biasRisk factorsVirus infectionType 1SeropositivityTreatmentCommunity service agenciesConfidential interviewsSelection biasSubjectsUse behaviorsExtensive distributionCorrelates
1991
New Evidence on Intravenous Cocaine Use and the Risk of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Anthony J, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Conn S, Astemborski J, Solomon L. New Evidence on Intravenous Cocaine Use and the Risk of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1991, 134: 1175-1189. PMID: 1746528, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultBaltimoreBiasCausalityCocaineConfounding Factors, EpidemiologicFemaleHealth BehaviorHIV InfectionsHIV SeroprevalenceHIV-1HumansLogistic ModelsMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsPrevalenceProspective StudiesSexual BehaviorSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurveys and QuestionnairesConceptsIntravenous drug usersDrug treatment programsCocaine injectorsDrug usersHIV seroprevalenceHIV infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionTreatment programActive intravenous drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Virus type 1 infectionImmunodeficiency virus type 1Preliminary prospective dataIntravenous cocaine useType 1 infectionReceptive anal intercourseMultiple logistic regressionRisk of infectionVirus type 1HIV seroconversionPresent studyExcess riskProspective dataIntravenous usePresent study sampleHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Diabetic Intravenous Drug Users
Nelson K, Vlahov D, Cohn S, Lindsay A, Solomon L, Anthony J. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Diabetic Intravenous Drug Users. JAMA 1991, 266: 2259-2261. PMID: 1920726, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1991.03470160091038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHistory of diabetesIntravenous drug usersDrug usersHIV seroprevalenceDrug useHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalenceHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionLow HIV seroprevalenceImmunodeficiency virus infectionSafe injection practicesApparent protective effectSterile injection equipmentCross-sectional surveyHIV infectionStudy clinicInjection paraphernaliaVirus seroprevalenceVirus infectionDrug treatmentProtective effectInjection practicesDiabetesPast monthSeroprevalenceSimilar durationPrevalence of Antibody to HIV-1 Among Entrants to US Correctional Facilities
Vlahov D, Brewer T, Castro K, Narkunas J, Salive M, Ullrich J, Muñoz A. Prevalence of Antibody to HIV-1 Among Entrants to US Correctional Facilities. JAMA 1991, 265: 1129-1132. PMID: 1995998, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1991.03460090077036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrevalence of antibodiesHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1HIV-1 prevalenceHIV-1 seroprevalenceAge 25 yearsVirus type 1US correctional facilitiesConsecutive malesHIV-1Older womenOlder menPrevention programsType 1Young womenPrevalenceWomenCorrectional systemYoung menMenSeroprevalenceAntibodiesProgram planningCorrectional facilitiesThe practice of 'frontloading' among intravenous drug users: association with HIV-antibody.
Samuels J, Vlahov D, Anthony J, Solomon L, Celentano D. The practice of 'frontloading' among intravenous drug users: association with HIV-antibody. AIDS 1991, 5: 343. PMID: 2059379.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1990
ASSOCIATION OF DRUG INJECTION PATTERNS WITH ANTIBODY TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 AMONG INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS IN BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
VLAHOV D, MUñOZ A, ANTHONY J, COHN S, CELENTANO D, NELSON K. ASSOCIATION OF DRUG INJECTION PATTERNS WITH ANTIBODY TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 AMONG INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS IN BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1990, 132: 847-856. PMID: 2239899, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115727.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1HIV-1 seroprevalenceVirus type 1Drug usersInjection careerShooting galleriesType 1Drug injection patternsHIV-1 serostatusHIV-1 infectionRecent onsetDrug injectionHigh riskCommunity outreach effortsDrug useGallery useSame calendar yearSex practicesSeroprevalenceCalendar yearPersistent useAntibodiesPersistent sharingSeasonal and annual variation of antibody to HIV-1 among male inmates entering Maryland prisons
Vlahov D, Muñoz A, Brewer F, Taylor E, Canner C, Polk B. Seasonal and annual variation of antibody to HIV-1 among male inmates entering Maryland prisons. AIDS 1990, 4: 345-350. PMID: 2350455, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199004000-00010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAdultBlack or African AmericanDistrict of ColumbiaForecastingHealth Planning OrganizationsHispanic or LatinoHIV AntibodiesHIV SeropositivityHIV SeroprevalenceHumansMaleMarylandMultivariate AnalysisPeriodicityPrisonersSeasonsState Health Planning and Development AgenciesSubstance Abuse, IntravenousUnited StatesConceptsIncoming male inmatesHIV-1HIV-1 seroprevalenceHIV-1 infectionEnzyme-linked immunosorbentMultivariate adjustmentPrevious serosurveysSignificant changesBlack raceMale inmatesPrison entrantsMultivariate analysisExcess serumMaryland prisonsWestern blotSeroprevalenceStudy periodAntibodiesDemographic variablesAgeSubgroups