2005
Probable Cigarette Dependence, PTSD, and Depression after an Urban Disaster: Results from a Population Survey of New York City Residents 4 Months after September 11, 2001
Arijit N, Sandro G, Jennifer A, Vlahov D. Probable Cigarette Dependence, PTSD, and Depression after an Urban Disaster: Results from a Population Survey of New York City Residents 4 Months after September 11, 2001. Psychiatry 2005, 68: 299-310. PMID: 16599397, DOI: 10.1521/psyc.2005.68.4.299.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProbable posttraumatic stress disorderProbable PTSDCigarette dependenceCigarette useDSM-IV criteriaSubstance-related disordersRandom digit dialingPosttraumatic stress disorderCigarette smokingProbable depressionMore symptomsDrug useStress disorderDepressionDisaster exposureNational surveySymptomsMonthsPopulation surveyDisordersRepresentative sampleNew York CitySmokersSmokingCases
2003
Effects of CCR5-Δ32 and CCR2-64I alleles on HIV-1 disease progression
Mulherin S, O'Brien T, Ioannidis J, Goedert J, Buchbinder S, Coutinho R, Jamieson B, Meyer L, Michael N, Pantaleo G, Rizzardi G, Schuitemaker H, Sheppard H, Theodorou I, Vlahov D, Rosenberg P. Effects of CCR5-Δ32 and CCR2-64I alleles on HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS 2003, 17: 377-387. PMID: 12556692, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200302140-00012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 disease progressionHIV-1 seroconvertersCCR5-Delta32CCR2-64ICourse of infectionDisease progressionLower riskChemokine receptor gene polymorphismsCox proportional hazards modelHIV-1 infectionIndividual patient dataCCR2-64I alleleProportional hazards modelReceptor gene polymorphismsCCR2-64I.Disease courseSurvival benefitHazards modelGene polymorphismsCCR5-Δ32Significant protectionAIDSPatient dataInfectionSeroconvertersFeasibility of referring drug users from a needle exchange program into an addiction treatment program: Experience with a mobile treatment van and LAAM maintenance
Kuo I, Brady J, Butler C, Schwartz R, Brooner R, Vlahov D, Strathdee S. Feasibility of referring drug users from a needle exchange program into an addiction treatment program: Experience with a mobile treatment van and LAAM maintenance. Journal Of Substance Use And Addiction Treatment 2003, 24: 67-74. PMID: 12646332, DOI: 10.1016/s0740-5472(02)00343-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBaltimoreCocaine-Related DisordersFeasibility StudiesFemaleHeroin DependenceHumansMaleMethadyl AcetateMobile Health UnitsNarcoticsNeedle-Exchange ProgramsReferral and ConsultationSeverity of Illness IndexSubstance Abuse Treatment CentersSubstance-Related DisordersTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsTreatment programLevomethadyl acetate hydrochlorideFirst-line treatmentEarly treatment responseNeedle exchange programsCocaine-positive urine testsDrug treatment programsAddiction treatment programsLAAM maintenanceAgonist therapyLine treatmentOpioid dependenceUrine testsTreatment responseDrug usersNEP attendersHeroin addictionProgram attendersAlcohol useSubscale scoresProgram entrySignificant reductionAttendersLAAM
2001
Time to initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected injection drug users
Celentano D, Galai N, Sethi A, Shah N, Strathdee S, Vlahov D, Gallant J. Time to initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected injection drug users. AIDS 2001, 15: 1707-1715. PMID: 11546947, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200109070-00015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersActive antiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral therapyDrug usersCell countLow health care accessNon-HAART regimensAntiretroviral therapy useDual combination therapyProportional hazards regressionMain outcome measuresMore treatment optionsHealth care accessNon-drug usersHAART regimenLow CD4HAART useHIV careCohort studyStudy clinicTherapy useSelf-reported initiationHazards regressionMethadone treatmentTreatment eligibilityAccess to medical care and service utilization among injection drug users with HIV/AIDS
Knowlton A, Hoover D, Chung S, Celentano D, Vlahov D, Latkin C. Access to medical care and service utilization among injection drug users with HIV/AIDS. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2001, 64: 55-62. PMID: 11470341, DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00228-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCase managementService utilizationDrug treatmentCurrent drug injectorsOutpatient service usePhysical functioning limitationsEmergency room useInjection drug usersCurrent drug useDaily alcohol useHIV/AIDSSubstance abuse treatmentHIV careAIDS diagnosisOutpatient careFunctioning limitationsDrug injectorsOutpatient servicesService useDrug usersDrug useMedical careAbuse treatmentHospital servicesAlcohol use
2000
The effect of a needle exchange program on numbers of discarded needles: a 2-year follow-up.
Doherty M, Junge B, Rathouz P, Garfein R, Riley E, Vlahov D. The effect of a needle exchange program on numbers of discarded needles: a 2-year follow-up. American Journal Of Public Health 2000, 90: 936-9. PMID: 10846512, PMCID: PMC1446248, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.90.6.936.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCorrelates of HIV infection among young adult short-term injection drug users
Doherty M, Garfein R, Monterroso E, Brown D, Vlahov D. Correlates of HIV infection among young adult short-term injection drug users. AIDS 2000, 14: 717-726. PMID: 10807195, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200004140-00011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersYoung injection drug usersInjection drug useHIV infectionDrug usersDrug useSpeedball injectionAnal sexCurrent injection drug usersShort-term injectorsReceptive anal sexYears of ageLifetime sex partnersCross-sectional surveySignificant bivariate associationsHIV incidenceHIV prevalenceSexual transmissionAmphetamine injectionsIncidence rateInjecting practicesHIVNew infectionsSex partnersInjection initiationDeterminants of the Quantity of Hepatitis C Virus RNA
Thomas D, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Strathdee S, Ray S, Nelson K, Galai N, Nolt K, Laeyendecker O, Todd J. Determinants of the Quantity of Hepatitis C Virus RNA. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2000, 181: 844-851. PMID: 10720503, DOI: 10.1086/315314.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHCV RNA levelsHepatitis C virus RNAHIV-negative personsC virus RNAHCV RNARNA levelsLower HCV RNA levelsSerum HCV RNA levelsHepatitis B infectionInjection drug useHuman immunodeficiency virusVirus RNAVirologic factorsB infectionHCV infectionImmunodeficiency virusNeedle sharingBlood levelsPositive personsDrug useYounger ageInfectionEquivalents/Additional researchPerson variability
1999
The Effect of Drug-Injection Behavior on Genetic Evolution of HIV-1
Carneiro M, Yu X, Lyles C, Templeton A, Weisstein A, Safaeian M, Farzadegan H, Vlahov D, Markham R. The Effect of Drug-Injection Behavior on Genetic Evolution of HIV-1. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1999, 180: 1025-1032. PMID: 10479127, DOI: 10.1086/315044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLongitudinal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Load in the Italian Seroconversion Study: Correlates and Temporal Trends of Virus Load
Lyles C, Dorrucci M, Vlahov D, Pezzotti P, Angarano G, Sinicco A, Alberici F, Alcorn T, Vella S, Rezza G. Longitudinal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Load in the Italian Seroconversion Study: Correlates and Temporal Trends of Virus Load. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1999, 180: 1018-1024. PMID: 10479126, DOI: 10.1086/314980.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 loadVirus loadHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) loadHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconvertersCD4 cells/microL.Low CD4 cell countsItalian Seroconversion StudyCD4 cell countCells/microL.Injection drug useCourse of diseaseReverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactionHigh virus loadTranscriptase-polymerase chain reactionClinical AIDSMale sexProspective studyDisease progressionSeroconversion StudyCell countDrug useSustained increaseSeroconversionAIDSFrozen serumSex Differences in Longitudinal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels among Seroconverters
Sterling T, Lyles C, Vlahov D, Astemborski J, Margolick J, Quinn T. Sex Differences in Longitudinal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels among Seroconverters. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1999, 180: 666-672. PMID: 10438353, DOI: 10.1086/314967.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levelsHIV-1 seroconvertersSex differencesCopies/mLHIV-1 pathogenesisInjection drug usersCase-control studyTime of seroconversionCross-sectional studyCourse of infectionMale patientsRapid progressorsFemale patientsCopies/Drug usersMale controlsVirus levelsPatientsRNA levelsSeroconvertersWomenMenNonprogressorsSeroconversionProgressorsDirect Comparison of Time to AIDS and Infectious Disease Death Between HIV Seroconverter Injection Drug Users in Italy and the United States: Results From the ALIVE and ISS Studies
Pezzotti P, Galai N, Vlahov D, Rezza G, Lyles C, Astemborski J. Direct Comparison of Time to AIDS and Infectious Disease Death Between HIV Seroconverter Injection Drug Users in Italy and the United States: Results From the ALIVE and ISS Studies. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1999, 20: 275-282. PMID: 10077177, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199903010-00010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersDate of seroconversionYear of seroconversionMedian timeRelative hazardGroups of IDUsDrug usersInfectious diseasesCohort of IDUsFirst positive HIV testClinic-based cohortSimilar median timeHIV disease progressionProspective cohort studyPositive HIV testInjection drug useCommunity-based cohortHIV-positive individualsInfectious disease deathsTime of seroconversionDrug use characteristicsTerms of ageProportion of womenALIVE studyCohort study
1998
Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS
Farzadegan H, Hoover D, Astemborski J, Lyles C, Margolick J, Markham R, Quinn T, Vlahov D. Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS. The Lancet 1998, 352: 1510-1514. PMID: 9820299, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02372-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersCD4 cell countProportional hazards modelBranched-chain DNAViral loadQuantitative microcultureReverse transcriptase-PCRPlasma HIV-1 RNA measurementsCell countHIV-1 RNA measurementsUnivariate proportional hazard modelHIV-1 viral loadSame viral loadViral load associationsVisit 3 yearsHIV-1 loadViral load measurementsAntiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral treatmentBaseline visitCommunity clinicsObservational studyHIV-1Current recommendationsHigh riskInfection with Dual-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants Associated with Rapid Total T Cell Decline and Disease Progression in Injection Drug Users
Yu X, Wang Z, Vlahov D, Markham R, Farzadegan H, Margolick J. Infection with Dual-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants Associated with Rapid Total T Cell Decline and Disease Progression in Injection Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1998, 178: 388-396. PMID: 9697718, DOI: 10.1086/515646.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAmino Acid SequenceCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell LineCells, CulturedDisease ProgressionFemaleGenetic VariationHIV Envelope Protein gp120HIV SeropositivityHIV-1HumansMaleMolecular Sequence DataPeptide FragmentsSequence Homology, Amino AcidSubstance Abuse, IntravenousTime FactorsT-LymphocytesConceptsInjection drug usersSI variantsDisease progressionHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 variantsDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1HIV-1 transmissionT cell levelsSlow disease progressionT-cell declineDual-tropic virusesType 1 variantsSyncytium-inducing (SI) variantsVirus type 1T cell linesDual tropicNSI variantsSlow progressorsRapid progressionNSI phenotypeT cellsCell declineInitial infectionType 1
1997
Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Villano S, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Lyles C, Cohn S, Thomas D. Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 1997, 35: 3274-3277. PMID: 9399533, PMCID: PMC230161, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.12.3274-3277.1997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHCV infectionRisk factorsDrug usersDrug useDrug paraphernaliaHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionAnnual incidence rateActive drug useHigh-risk sexual practicesSharing of needlesHCV seroconversionHepatitis CAntibody testingOverall incidenceIncidence rateVirus infectionSerum samplesInfectionIncidenceHCVSexual practicesFrequent useParticipantsLong-term Perspective on the Prevalent-Cohort Biases in Studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Progression
Alcabes P, Pezzotti P, Phillips A, Rezza G, Vlahov D. Long-term Perspective on the Prevalent-Cohort Biases in Studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Progression. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1997, 146: 543-551. PMID: 9326431, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009312.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPSP cohortRelative riskSeroincident cohortHIV infectionPrevalent cohortAIDS riskAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosisHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDisease Control case definitionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progressionImmunodeficiency syndrome diagnosisImmunodeficiency virus infectionPrevalent HIV infectionProportional hazards regressionAmbulatory care clinicsRate of progressionStudies of cohortsItalian National RegistryAIDS-free subjectsObserved relative riskSeroconversion datesHIV seroconversionCare clinicsHazards regressionNational registry
1996
An International Collaborative Study of the Effects of Coinfection with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease Progression in Injection Drug Users
Hershow R, Galai N, Fukuda K, Graber J, Vlahov D, Rezza G, Klein R, Jarlais D, Vitek C, Khabbaz R, Freels S, Zuckerman R, Pezzotti P, Kaplan J. An International Collaborative Study of the Effects of Coinfection with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease Progression in Injection Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 174: 309-317. PMID: 8699060, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.2.309.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersCD4 cell percentCell percentHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progressionHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionDrug usersInfected injection drug usersVirus type 1 infectionHuman T-lymphotropic virus type IIHIV seroconversion datesHTLV-II infectionType 1 infectionProportional hazards modelEffect of coinfectionSeroconversion datesCohort studyHIV infectionHTLV infectionDisease progressionAIDS mortalityHTLV-IIHazards modelRate of declineInternational collaborative studyWestern blotThe Effect of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and HIV RNA Load among Injecting Drug Users
Manoff S, Farzadegan H, Muñoz A, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Rizzo R, Solomon L, Graham N. The Effect of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and HIV RNA Load among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 174: 299-308. PMID: 8699059, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.2.299.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progressionLatent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionTuberculosis infectionSkin testingDisease progressionDrug usersLatent M. tuberculosis infectionTuberculin positive casesTuberculin-negative controlsTuberculin-negative personsCD4 cell countCohort of HIVHIV RNA loadCD4 cell declineM. tuberculosis infectionTuberculin skin testingInjecting Drug UsersBaseline immune functionHIV concentrationHIV RNAActive tuberculosisHIV burdenHIV progressionRNA loadViral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses.
Garfein R, Vlahov D, Galai N, Doherty M, Nelson K. Viral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses. American Journal Of Public Health 1996, 86: 655-661. PMID: 8629715, PMCID: PMC1380472, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.86.5.655.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusViral infectionSeroprevalence of HCVBlood-borne viral infectionsHuman T-lymphotropic virus type IShort-term injectorsHuman immunodeficiency virusSexual risk reduction interventionInjection drug usersIllicit drug injectorsRisk reduction interventionsVirus type IHepatitis CHepatitis BHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusPrimary preventionC virusB virusHuman immunodeficiencyDrug injectionSequential cohortsDrug injectorsLymphotropic virus
1995
Recent Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Possible Rapid Loss of CD4 T Lymphocytes.
Holmberg S, Conley L, Luby S, Cohn S, Wong L, Vlahov D. Recent Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Possible Rapid Loss of CD4 T Lymphocytes. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1995, 9: 291. PMID: 7788428, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199507000-00011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusCD4 T lymphocytesObservational cohort studyT lymphocytesCell countHIV seroconversionCohort studyHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusOngoing observational cohort studyEarlier calendar yearsMore rapid declineLow CD4Mean CD4Recent infectionHIV-1CD4Drug usersBisexual menInfectionSeroconversionCalendar yearLymphocytesRapid lossFirst year