2004
Increase in Sexual Risk Behavior Associated with Immunologic Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users
Tun W, Gange S, Vlahov D, Strathdee S, Celentano D. Increase in Sexual Risk Behavior Associated with Immunologic Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004, 38: 1167-1174. PMID: 15095224, DOI: 10.1086/383033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersActive antiretroviral therapyHAART initiationCell countAntiretroviral therapyDrug usersSexual intercourseRisk reduction counselingHuman immunodeficiency virusLarge cohort studyDrug injection behaviorInjection of drugsUnprotected sexual intercourseSemiannual visitsReduction counselingCohort studyHIV infectionHIV serostatusImmunodeficiency virusImmunologic responseNeedle sharingBlood samplesSurvival analysisRisk behaviorsCD4
2001
Sexual and drug risk-related behaviours after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy among injection drug users
Vlahov D, Safaien M, Lai S, Strathdee S, Johnson L, Sterling T, Celentano D. Sexual and drug risk-related behaviours after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy among injection drug users. AIDS 2001, 15: 2311-2316. PMID: 11698705, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200111230-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHIV-seropositive injection drug usersActive antiretroviral therapyUntreated groupHigh-risk behaviorsAntiretroviral therapyConsecutive visitsDrug usersRisk behaviorsInitiation of HAARTCD4 cell countOngoing prospective studySemi-annual interviewsLinear growth curve analysesHAART useMedian ageMedication useProspective studyNeedle sharingHAARTCell countUnprotected sexRisk-related behaviorsCurve analysisStudy periodTime to initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected injection drug users
Celentano D, Galai N, Sethi A, Shah N, Strathdee S, Vlahov D, Gallant J. Time to initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected injection drug users. AIDS 2001, 15: 1707-1715. PMID: 11546947, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200109070-00015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersActive antiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral therapyDrug usersCell countLow health care accessNon-HAART regimensAntiretroviral therapy useDual combination therapyProportional hazards regressionMain outcome measuresMore treatment optionsHealth care accessNon-drug usersHAART regimenLow CD4HAART useHIV careCohort studyStudy clinicTherapy useSelf-reported initiationHazards regressionMethadone treatmentTreatment eligibilityMortality, CD4 Cell Count Decline, and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV-Seropositive Women: Longitudinal Analysis From the HIV Epidemiology Research Study
Ickovics J, Hamburger M, Vlahov D, Schoenbaum E, Schuman P, Boland R, Moore J, Group F. Mortality, CD4 Cell Count Decline, and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV-Seropositive Women: Longitudinal Analysis From the HIV Epidemiology Research Study. JAMA 2001, 285: 1466-1474. PMID: 11255423, DOI: 10.1001/jama.285.11.1466.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusChronic depressive symptomsCD4 cell countHIV-seropositive womenTreatment of depressionDepressive symptomsCell countDisease progressionBaseline CD4 cell countCD4 cell count declineHIV Epidemiologic Research StudyCell count declineCD4 lymphocyte countBaseline viral loadEpidemiologic Studies Depression ScaleHIV disease progressionHIV Epidemiology Research StudyLongitudinal cohort studyEpidemiologic research studiesImpact of depressionAcademic medical centerSelf-reported CenterCohort studyLymphocyte countCount decline
1999
Longitudinal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Load in the Italian Seroconversion Study: Correlates and Temporal Trends of Virus Load
Lyles C, Dorrucci M, Vlahov D, Pezzotti P, Angarano G, Sinicco A, Alberici F, Alcorn T, Vella S, Rezza G. Longitudinal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Load in the Italian Seroconversion Study: Correlates and Temporal Trends of Virus Load. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1999, 180: 1018-1024. PMID: 10479126, DOI: 10.1086/314980.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 loadVirus loadHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) loadHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconvertersCD4 cells/microL.Low CD4 cell countsItalian Seroconversion StudyCD4 cell countCells/microL.Injection drug useCourse of diseaseReverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactionHigh virus loadTranscriptase-polymerase chain reactionClinical AIDSMale sexProspective studyDisease progressionSeroconversion StudyCell countDrug useSustained increaseSeroconversionAIDSFrozen serumSelf-Reported Bacterial Infections Among Women with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Flanigan T, Hogan J, Smith D, Schoenbaum E, Vlahov D, Schuman P, Mayer K. Self-Reported Bacterial Infections Among Women with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1999, 29: 608-612. PMID: 10530455, DOI: 10.1086/598641.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionCD4 cell countImmunodeficiency virus infectionBacterial infectionsRecent pneumoniaVirus infectionCell countHIV-negative womenHIV-seropositive womenUrinary tract infectionInjection drug useLogistic regression analysisSelf-reported pneumoniaCross-sectional analysisSeronegative womenTract infectionsHIV infectionDrug useLifetime historyInfectionPneumoniaMajor causeWomenRegression analysisCell categoriesThe effect of immunodeficiency on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in HIV-infected women without anergy: implications for tuberculin testing. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research.
Klein R, Flanigan T, Schuman P, Smith D, Vlahov D. The effect of immunodeficiency on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in HIV-infected women without anergy: implications for tuberculin testing. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 1999, 3: 681-8. PMID: 10460100.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell countSeronegative womenHigh-risk seronegative womenHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDelayed-type hypersensitivity testingDegree of immunodeficiencyHIV antibody testingImmunodeficiency virus infectionType hypersensitivity responseEffects of immunodeficiencyUrban medical centerDTH antigensDTH testingHIV seropositivesHIV-seronegativesPPD sizeSeropositive womenLymphocyte countHIV infectionAntibody testingHypersensitivity responseTuberculin antigenCutaneous responseHypersensitivity testingTetanus toxoidComparison of Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection Among Women by Risk Group, CD4+ Cell Count, and HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load
Rompalo A, Astemborski J, Schoenbaum E, Schuman P, Carpenter C, Holmberg S, Warren D, Farzadegan H, Vlahov D, Smith D. Comparison of Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection Among Women by Risk Group, CD4+ Cell Count, and HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1999, 20: 448-454. PMID: 10225226, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199904150-00006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 viral loadPlasma viral loadBody mass indexHIV-1 plasma viral loadOral hairy leukoplakiaInjection drug useViral loadInjection drug usersRisk groupsHIV infectionCell countDrug useHairy leukoplakiaCells/Clinical manifestationsHeterosexual contactMedian HIV-1 viral loadPlasma HIV-1 viral loadUndetectable HIV-1 viral loadPlasma viral load levelsHIV viral loadIntravenous drug useViral load levelsPopulation of HIVPrevalence of HIVAccess to antiretroviral treatment among French HIV infected injection drug users: the influence of continued drug use. MANIF 2000 Study Group.
Carrieri M, Moatti J, Vlahov D, Obadia Y, Reynaud-Maurupt C, Chesney M. Access to antiretroviral treatment among French HIV infected injection drug users: the influence of continued drug use. MANIF 2000 Study Group. Journal Of Epidemiology & Community Health 1999, 53: 4. PMID: 10326045, PMCID: PMC1756774, DOI: 10.1136/jech.53.1.4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsActive injection drug usersInjection drug usersAntiretroviral treatmentFrench HIVDrug useDrug usersFormer injection drug usersDetailed clinical historyPast drug useEx-IDUsIDU patientsClinical stageClinical historyAIDS careHospital careAIDS specialistsCell countNew treatmentsRisk behaviorsHospital departmentsLogistic regressionHIVPatientsPhysiciansTreatment
1998
Comparison of Two Measures of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Load in HIV Risk Groups
Lyles C, Vlahov D, Farzadegan H, Astemborski J, Margolick J, Masters B, Schroeder J, Quinn T. Comparison of Two Measures of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Load in HIV Risk Groups. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 1998, 36: 3647-3652. PMID: 9817889, PMCID: PMC105256, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.12.3647-3652.1998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfectious viral loadInjection drug usersHIV RNA levelsHIV RNA loadViral loadRisk groupsRNA loadViral burdenHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) loadHomosexual menPlasma HIV RNA levelsMale injection drug usersFemale injection drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Peripheral blood mononuclear cellsImmunodeficiency virus type 1RNA levelsBlood mononuclear cellsHIV risk groupViral RNA loadVirus type 1HIV loadMononuclear cellsDrug usersCell countSex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS
Farzadegan H, Hoover D, Astemborski J, Lyles C, Margolick J, Markham R, Quinn T, Vlahov D. Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS. The Lancet 1998, 352: 1510-1514. PMID: 9820299, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02372-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersCD4 cell countProportional hazards modelBranched-chain DNAViral loadQuantitative microcultureReverse transcriptase-PCRPlasma HIV-1 RNA measurementsCell countHIV-1 RNA measurementsUnivariate proportional hazard modelHIV-1 viral loadSame viral loadViral load associationsVisit 3 yearsHIV-1 loadViral load measurementsAntiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral treatmentBaseline visitCommunity clinicsObservational studyHIV-1Current recommendationsHigh riskHIV/HTLV-II Coinfection and CD4+ Cell Count Controlling for Plasma HIV Viral Load in Injection Drug Users in Baltimore
Zhang H, Flynn C, Nelson K, Chen W, Kawalski R, Vlahov D. HIV/HTLV-II Coinfection and CD4+ Cell Count Controlling for Plasma HIV Viral Load in Injection Drug Users in Baltimore. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1998, 18: 397-398. PMID: 9704951, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199808010-00018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchViolence Among Women with or at Risk for HIV Infection
Vlahov D, Wientge D, Moore J, Flynn C, Schuman P, Schoenbaum E, Zierler S, Rompalo A, Sobel J, Klein R, Carpenter C, Mayer K, Smith D, Warren D, Duerr A, Peterson B, Holmberg S, Miotti P, McKinley S. Violence Among Women with or at Risk for HIV Infection. AIDS And Behavior 1998, 2: 53-60. DOI: 10.1023/a:1022359307814.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLow CD4 cell countsCD4 cell countHIV-seronegative womenHIV-seropositiveHIV infectionHigh riskSex partnersCell countInjection drug useEffects of HIVLongitudinal cohort studyMultiple sex partnersHigh-risk sexCross-sectional surveySteady sex partnerPhysical abuseUninfected womenCohort studyHIV preventionAppropriate counseling servicesTreatment servicesDrug useHIVUse of marijuanaSexual abusePrognostic Indicators for AIDS and Infectious Disease Death in HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users: Plasma Viral Load and CD4+ Cell Count
Vlahov D, Graham N, Hoover D, Flynn C, Bartlett J, Margolick J, Lyles C, Nelson K, Smith D, Holmberg S, Farzadegan H. Prognostic Indicators for AIDS and Infectious Disease Death in HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users: Plasma Viral Load and CD4+ Cell Count. JAMA 1998, 279: 35-40. PMID: 9424041, DOI: 10.1001/jama.279.1.35.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsBiomarkersBlack or African AmericanCD4 Lymphocyte CountDisease ProgressionFemaleHIV-1HumansMalePrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRegression AnalysisRNA, ViralSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurvival AnalysisViral LoadConceptsInfectious disease deathsInjection drug usersPlasma viral loadViral loadDisease deathsCell countDrug usersPrognostic indicatorHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral loadAfrican American injection drug usersPlasma HIV-1 RNAHIV-1 viral loadInfectious diseasesClinical AIDS diagnosisLevels of CD4Kaplan-Meier analysisHIV-1 RNAPrognosis of personsPowerful prognostic informationProportional hazards modelCases of AIDSGood predictive valueCell count measurementsMedian followCohort study
1997
Markers of response to zidovudine monotherapy among treated HIV seroconverters. Italian Seroconversion Study.
Rezza G, Galai N, Pezzotti P, Vlahov D, Graham N, Viale P, Angarano G. Markers of response to zidovudine monotherapy among treated HIV seroconverters. Italian Seroconversion Study. Antiviral Therapy 1997, 2: 167-74. PMID: 11322271.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCD4 cell countInitiation of treatmentZidovudine monotherapyP24 antigenaemiaCell countConstitutional symptomsHIV seroconvertersRisk groupsCopies/Human immunodeficiency virus seroconvertersPlasma RNA viral loadHIV RNA copiesCD4 cell declineRNA viral loadStart of therapyMarker of responseAntigen-positive individualsAdditional predictive informationIndicator of responseStandard survival methodsTerms of progressionAntiretroviral therapyViral loadAntigen levelsDisease progression
1996
Temporal Trends of Initial CD4 Cell Counts Following Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroconversion in Italy, 1985–1992
Galai N, Lepri A, Vlahov D, Pezzotti P, Sinicco A, Rezza G, Study H. Temporal Trends of Initial CD4 Cell Counts Following Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroconversion in Italy, 1985–1992. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1996, 143: 278-282. PMID: 8561162, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008739.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCD4 cell measurementsInitial CD4 cell countHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversionCD4 cell countCell countCD4 cell count increaseItalian Seroconversion StudyLow CD4 countMonths of seroconversionYear of seroconversionCD4 cell levelsCell count increaseMedian lag timeCD4 countCD4 levelsHIV seroconversionPositive serologyNegative serologyHIV seroconvertersClinical centersRisk groupsSeroconversion StudySeroconversionMultivariate modelLag time
1995
Dilated heart muscle disease associated with HIV infection
Herskowitz A, Willoughby S, Vlahov D, Baughman K, Ansari A. Dilated heart muscle disease associated with HIV infection. European Heart Journal 1995, 16: 50-55. PMID: 8682102, DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/16.suppl_o.50.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHeart muscle diseaseLate-stage HIV infectionCD4 T-cell countGlobal left ventricular dysfunctionT-cell countsLeft ventricular dysfunctionHIV infectionRisk factorsVentricular dysfunctionClinical characteristicsCardiac dysfunctionMuscle diseaseNew York Heart Association class IIILow CD4 T-cell countsSevere global left ventricular dysfunctionCell countAnti-heart antibodiesCardiotropic virus infectionImmunologic risk factorsNon-infectious complicationsPrimary cardiac failureSymptomatic cardiac dysfunctionSymptomatic heart diseaseCongestive heart failureHIV risk factorsInstability of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Skin Test Anergy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Caiaffa W, Graham N, Galai N, Rizzo R, Nelson K, Vlahov D. Instability of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Skin Test Anergy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. JAMA Internal Medicine 1995, 155: 2111-2117. PMID: 7575072, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430190107015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-seropositive subjectsHIV-seronegative subjectsCD4 cell countSkin test resultsDrug usersCell countDTH anergyDTH positivityDelayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testDelayed-type hypersensitivity anergyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDTH skin testingSkin test anergyImmunodeficiency virus infectionCommunity-based cohortHuman immunodeficiency virusHypersensitivity skin testsCandida albicans antigenAnergy testingSerial skinCD4 cellsHIV statusSingle testSkin testingImmunodeficiency virusRecent Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Possible Rapid Loss of CD4 T Lymphocytes.
Holmberg S, Conley L, Luby S, Cohn S, Wong L, Vlahov D. Recent Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Possible Rapid Loss of CD4 T Lymphocytes. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1995, 9: 291. PMID: 7788428, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199507000-00011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusCD4 T lymphocytesObservational cohort studyT lymphocytesCell countHIV seroconversionCohort studyHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusOngoing observational cohort studyEarlier calendar yearsMore rapid declineLow CD4Mean CD4Recent infectionHIV-1CD4Drug usersBisexual menInfectionSeroconversionCalendar yearLymphocytesRapid lossFirst yearClinical characteristics and prognostic value of acute retroviral syndrome among injecting drug users
Dorrucci M, Rezza G, Vlahov D, Pezzotti P, Sinicco A, Nicolosi A, Lazzarin A, Galai N, Gafà S, Pristerà R. Clinical characteristics and prognostic value of acute retroviral syndrome among injecting drug users. AIDS 1995, 9: 597-604. PMID: 7662199, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199506000-00011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute retroviral syndromeHIV infectionHIV seroconvertersRelative hazardDrug usersFirst positive HIV testYear of seroconversionPositive HIV testRate of CD4Kaplan-Meier estimatesCumulative AIDS incidenceAsymptomatic seroconvertersHIV seroconversionClinical characteristicsHIV testClinical progressionPrognostic valueProspective studyClinical centersSeroconvertersCell declineSeroconversionCell countSyndromeNatural history