2021
Eculizumab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis previously treated with rituximab: subgroup analysis of REGAIN and its extension study
Siddiqi ZA, Nowak RJ, Mozaffar T, O'Brien F, Yountz M, Patti F, Mazia C, Wilken M, Wilken M, Barroso F, Saba J, Rugiero M, Bettini M, Chaves M, Vidal G, Garcia A, De Bleecker J, Van den Abeele G, Koning K, De Mey K, Mercelis R, Mahieu D, Wagemaekers L, Van Damme P, Depreitere A, Schotte C, Smetcoren C, Stevens O, Van Daele S, Vandenbussche N, Vanhee A, Verjans S, Vynckier J, D'Hont A, Tilkin P, Siqueira Carvalho A, Brockhausen I, Feder D, Ambrosio D, César P, Melo A, Ribeiro R, Rocha R, Rosa B, Veiga T, Silva L, Engel M, Geraldo J, Penha Ananias Morita M, Coelho E, Paiva G, Pozo M, Prando N, Torres D, Butinhao C, Duran G, Fialho T, Silva T, Gonçalves L, Pazetto L, Volpe L, Duca L, Friedrich M, Guerreiro A, Mohr H, Martins M, Cruz Pacheco D, Ferreira L, Macagnan A, Pinto G, Cassia Santos A, Oliveira A, Andrade A, Annes M, Silva L, Lino V, Pinto W, Assis N, Carrara F, Miranda C, Souza I, Fernandes P, Phan C, Narayan J, Blackmore D, Mallon A, Roderus R, Watt E, Vohanka S, Bednarik J, Chmelikova M, Cierny M, Toncrova S, Junkerova J, Kurkova B, Reguliova K, Zapletalova O, Pitha J, Novakova I, Tyblova M, Jurajdova I, Wolfova M, Andersen H, Harbo T, Vinge L, Krogh S, Mogensen A, Vissing J, Højgaard J, Witting N, Autzen A, Pedersen J, Erälinna J, Laaksonen M, Oksaranta O, Harrison T, Eriksson J, Rozsa C, Horvath M, Lovas G, Matolcsi J, Szabo G, Jakab G, Szabadosne B, Vecsei L, Dezsi L, Varga E, Konyane M, Antonini G, Di Pasquale A, Garibaldi M, Morino S, Troili F, Fionda L, Di Pasquale A, Garibaldi M, Saccà F, Filla A, Costabile T, Marano E, Fasanaro A, Marsili A, Puorro G, Mantegazza R, Antozzi C, Bonanno S, Camera G, Locatelli A, Maggi L, Pasanisi M, Campanella A, Evoli A, Alboini P, D'Amato V, Iorio R, Inghilleri M, Fionda L, Frasca V, Giacomelli E, Gori M, Lopergolo D, Onesti E, Frasca V, Gabriele M, Uzawa A, Kanai T, Kawaguchi N, Mori M, Kaneko Y, Kanzaki A, Kobayashi E, Murai H, Masaki K, Matsuse D, Matsushita T, Uehara T, Shimpo M, Jingu M, Kikutake K, Nakamura Y, Sano Y, Utsugisawa K, Nagane Y, Kamegamori I, Tsuda T, Fujii Y, Futono K, Ozawa Y, Mizugami A, Saito Y, Samukawa M, Suzuki H, Morikawa M, Kamakura S, Miyawaki E, Shiraishi H, Miyazaki T, Motomura M, Mukaino A, Yoshimura S, Asada S, Yoshida S, Amamoto S, Kobashikawa T, Koga M, Maeda Y, Takada K, Takada M, Tsurumaru M, Yamashita Y, Yoshida S, Suzuki Y, Akiyama T, Narikawa K, Tano O, Tsukita K, Kurihara R, Meguro F, Fukuda Y, Sato M, Okumura M, Funaka S, Kawamura T, Nakamori M, Takahashi M, Taichi N, Hasuike T, Higuchi E, Kobayashi H, Osakada K, Imai T, Tsuda E, Shimohama S, Hayashi T, Hisahara S, Imai T, Kawamata J, Murahara T, Saitoh M, Shimohama S, Suzuki S, Yamamoto D, Ishiyama Y, Ishiyama N, Noshiro M, Takeyama R, Uwasa K, Yasuda I, Kim B, Lee C, Koo Y, Seok H, Kang H, Ra H, Kim B, Cho E, Choi M, Lee H, Min J, Seok J, Lee J, Koh D, Kwon J, Park S, Choi E, Hong Y, Ahn S, Koo D, Lim J, Shin C, Hwang J, Kim M, Kim S, Jeong H, Jung J, Kim Y, Lee H, Shin H, Hwang E, Shin M, Kooi A, Visser M, Gibson T, Casasnovas C, Aguilo M, Homedes‐Pedret C, Palacios N, Porras L, Santamaria V, Lazaro A, Tejedor E, Salcedo P, Fernandez‐Fournier M, Ruiz P, Rivera F, Fernandez‐Fournier M, Sastre M, Carbonell J, Sune P, Figueras M, Gili G, Mazuela G, Illa I, Vicente E, Diaz‐Manera J, Gutiérrez L, Garcia R, Vidal N, Arribas‐Ibar E, Piehl F, Hietala A, Bjarbo L, Sengun I, Meherremova A, Ozcelik P, Balkan B, Tuga C, Ugur M, Erdem‐Ozdamar S, Bekircan‐Kurt C, Acar N, Yilmaz E, Caliskan Y, Orsel G, Efendi H, Aydinlik S, Cavus H, Kutlu A, Becerikli G, Semiz C, Tun O, Terzi M, Dogan B, Onar M, Sen S, Cavdar T, Veske A, Norwood F, Dimitriou A, Gollogly J, Mahdi‐Rogers M, Seddigh A, Sokratous G, Maier G, Sohail F, Jacob S, Sadalage G, Torane P, Brown C, Shah A, Sathasivam S, Arndt H, Davies D, Watling D, Amato A, Cochrane T, Salajegheh M, Roe K, Amato K, Toska S, Wolfe G, Silvestri N, Patrick K, Zakalik K, Katz J, Miller R, Engel M, Forshew D, Bravver E, Brooks B, Sanjak M, Plevka S, Burdette M, Cunningham S, Sanjak M, Kramer M, Nemeth J, Schommer C, Scott T, Juel V, Guptill J, Hobson‐Webb L, Massey J, Beck K, Carnes D, Loor J, Anderson A, Pascuzzi R, Bodkin C, Kincaid J, Snook R, Guingrich S, Micheels A, Chaudhry V, Corse A, Mosmiller B, Kelley A, Ho D, Srinivasan J, Vytopil M, Jara J, Ventura N, Carter C, Donahue C, Herbert C, Scala S, Weiner E, Alam S, McKinnon J, Haar L, McKinnon N, Alcon K, McKenna K, Sattar N, Daniels K, Jeffery D, Freimer M, Hoyle J, Kissel J, Agriesti J, Chelnick S, Mezache L, Pineda C, Muharrem F, Karam C, Khoury J, Marburger T, Kaur H, Dimitrova D, Gilchrist J, Agrawal B, Elsayed M, Kohlrus S, Ardoin A, Darnell T, Golden L, Lokaitis B, Seelbach J, Muppidi S, Goyal N, Sakamuri S, So Y, Paulose S, Pol S, Welsh L, Bhavaraju‐Sanka R, Gonzalez A, Dishman L, Jones F, Gonzalez A, Padilla P, Saklad A, Silva M, Nations S, Trivedi J, Hopkins S, Kazamel M, Alsharabati M, Lu L, Nozaki K, Mumfrey‐Thomas S, Woodall A, Cash T, Goyal N, Roy G, Mathew V, Maqsood F, Minton B, Jones H, Rosenfeld J, Garcia R, Echevarria L, Garcia S, Pulley M, Aranke S, Berger A, Shah J, Shabbir Y, Smith L, Varghese M, Shabbir Y, Gutmann L, Gutmann L, Jerath N, Nance C, Swenson A, Olalde H, Kressin N, Sieren J, Barohn R, Dimachkie M, Glenn M, McVey A, Pasnoor M, Statland J, Wang Y, Liu T, Emmons K, Jenci N, Locheke J, Fondaw A, Johns K, Rico G, Walsh M, Herbelin L, Hafer‐Macko C, Kwan J, Zilliox L, Callison K, Young V, DiSanzo B, Naunton K, Benatar M, Bilsker M, Sharma K, Cooley A, Reyes E, Michon S, Sheldon D, Steele J, Howard J, Karam C, Traub R, Chopra M, Vu T, Katzin L, McClain T, Harvey B, Hart A, Huynh K, Beydoun S, Chilingaryan A, Doan V, Droker B, Gong H, Karimi S, Lin F, McClain T, Polaka K, Shah A, Tran A, Akhter S, Malekniazi A, Tandan R, Hehir M, Waheed W, Lucy S, Weiss M, Distad J, Strom S, Downing S, Kim B, Bertorini T, Arnold T, Henderson K, Pillai R, Liu Y, Wheeler L, Hewlett J, Vanderhook M, Dicapua D, Keung B, Kumar A, Patwa H, Robeson K, Yang I, Nye J, Vu H. Eculizumab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis previously treated with rituximab: subgroup analysis of REGAIN and its extension study. Muscle & Nerve 2021, 64: 662-669. PMID: 34590717, DOI: 10.1002/mus.27422.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRituximab useMyasthenia gravisSubgroup analysisAmerica Post-Intervention StatusMyasthenia Gravis ActivitiesSafety of eculizumabOpen-label extensionMyasthenia Gravis FoundationUnmet treatment needDaily living (IADL) total scorePost-intervention statusEculizumab treatmentWeek 130Rituximab treatmentBaseline characteristicsMost patientsPersistent symptomsSafety profileEffective therapyTreatment needsEculizumabMinimal manifestationsExtension studyREGAIN studyPatientsNonepileptic Myoclonus in COVID-19: Case Report
Hewan H, Yang A, Vaddiparti A, Keung B. Nonepileptic Myoclonus in COVID-19: Case Report. The Neurohospitalist 2021, 12: 86-89. PMID: 34950392, PMCID: PMC8689525, DOI: 10.1177/19418744211004315.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCOVID-19Different neurological manifestationsHigh-dose steroidsImmune-mediated syndromeAnti-epileptic therapySARS-CoV-2Cyclical feversNonepileptic myoclonusMyoclonus syndromeIll patientsNeurological manifestationsCase reportMovement abnormalitiesMyoclonusNovel coronavirusPatientsSyndromeRecovery phaseFeverTherapyInfectionSteroidsAbnormalitiesDisease
2020
Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension
Mantegazza R, Wolfe G, Muppidi S, Wiendl H, Fujita K, O'Brien F, Booth H, Howard J, Mazia C, Wilken M, Barroso F, Saba J, Rugiero M, Bettini M, Chaves M, Vidal G, Garcia A, De Bleecker J, Van den Abeele G, de Koning K, De Mey K, Mercelis R, Mahieu D, Wagemaekers L, Van Damme P, Depreitere A, Schotte C, Smetcoren C, Stevens O, Van Daele S, Vandenbussche N, Vanhee A, Verjans S, Vynckier J, D’Hont A, Tilkin P, Alves de Siqueira Carvalho A, Brockhausen I, Feder D, Ambrosio D, César G, Melo A, Ribeiro R, Rocha R, Rosa B, Veiga T, Augusto da Silva L, Engel M, Geraldo J, da Penha Ananias Morita M, Coelho E, Paiva G, Pozo M, Prando N, Martineli Torres D, Butinhao C, Duran G, Suriane Fialho T, Gomes da Silva T, Maia Gonçalves L, Pazetto L, Cubas Volpe L, Duca L, AndréGheller Friedrich M, Guerreiro A, Guerreiro A, Mohr H, Martins M, da Cruz Pacheco D, Ferreira L, Macagnan A, Pinto G, de Cassia Santos A, Bulle Oliveira A, Amaral de Andrade A, Annes M, Silva L, Lino V, Pinto W, Assis N, Carrara F, Miranda C, Souza I, Fernandes P, Siddiqi Z, Phan C, Narayan J, Blackmore D, Mallon A, Roderus R, Watt E, Vohanka S, Bednarik J, Chmelikova M, Cierny M, Toncrova S, Junkerova J, Kurkova B, Reguliova K, Zapletalova O, Pitha J, Novakova I, Tyblova M, Jurajdova I, Wolfova M, Andersen H, Harbo T, Vinge L, Krogh S, Mogensen A, Vissing J, Højgaard J, Witting N, Ostergaard Autzen A, Pedersen J, Erälinna J, Laaksonen M, Oksaranta O, Harrison T, Eriksson J, Rozsa C, Horvath M, Lovas G, Matolcsi J, Jakab G, Szabo G, Jakab G, Szabadosne B, Vecsei L, Dezsi L, Varga E, Konyane M, Antonini G, Di Pasquale A, Garibaldi M, Morino S, Troili F, Fionda L, Di Pasquale A, Evoli A, Alboini P, D’Amato V, Iorio R, Inghilleri M, Fionda L, Frasca V, Giacomelli E, Gori M, Lopergolo D, Onesti E, Frasca V, Gabriele M, Saccà F, Filla A, Costabile T, Marano E, Fasanaro A, Marsili A, Puorro G, Antozzi C, Bonanno S, Camera G, Locatelli A, Maggi L, Pasanisi M, Campanella A, Uzawa A, Kanai T, Kawaguchi N, Mori M, Kaneko Y, Kanzaki A, Kobayashi E, Murai H, Masaki K, Matsuse D, Matsushita T, Uehara T, Shimpo M, Jingu M, Kikutake K, Nakamura Y, Sano Y, Utsugisawa K, Nagane Y, Kamegamori I, Tsuda T, Fujii Y, Futono K, Ozawa Y, Mizugami A, Saito Y, Samukawa M, Suzuki H, Morikawa M, Kamakura S, Miyawaki E, Okumura M, Funaka S, Kawamura T, Nakamori M, Takahashi M, Taichi N, Hasuike T, Higuchi E, Kobayashi H, Osakada K, Shiraishi H, Miyazaki T, Motomura M, Mukaino A, Yoshimura S, Asada S, Yoshida S, Amamoto S, Kobashikawa T, Koga M, Yasuko M, Takada K, Takada M, Tsurumaru M, Yamashita Y, Suzuki Y, Akiyama T, Narikawa K, Tano O, Tsukita K, Kurihara R, Meguro F, Fukuda Y, Sato M, Imai T, Tsuda E, Shimohama S, Hayashi T, Hisahara S, Imai T, Kawamata J, Murahara T, Saitoh M, Shimohama S, Suzuki S, Yamamoto D, Ishiyama Y, Ishiyama N, Noshiro M, Takeyama R, Uwasa K, Yasuda I, van der Kooi A, de Visser M, Gibson T, Kim B, Lee C, Koo Y, Seok H, Kang H, Ra H, Kim B, Cho E, Choi M, Lee H, Min J, Seok J, Lee J, Koh D, Kwon J, Park S, Choi E, Hong Y, Ahn S, Koo D, Lim J, Shin C, Hwang J, Kim M, Kim S, Jeong H, Jung J, Kim Y, Lee H, Shin H, Hwang E, Shin M, Casasnovas C, Alberti Aguilo M, Homedes-Pedret C, Palacios N, Porras L, Santamaria V, Lazaro A, Carbonell J, Sune P, Figueras M, Gili G, Mazuela G, Illa I, Vicente E, Diaz-Manera J, Querol Gutiérrez L, Garcia R, Vidal N, Arribas-Ibar E, Tejedor E, Salcedo P, Fernandez-Fournier M, Ruiz P, Rodriguez de Rivera F, Fernandez-Fournier M, Sastre M, Piehl F, Hietala A, Bjarbo L, Sengun I, Meherremova A, Ozcelik P, Balkan B, Tuga C, Ugur M, Erdem-Ozdamar S, Bekircan-Kurt C, Acar N, Yilmaz E, Caliskan Y, Orsel G, Efendi H, Aydinlik S, Cavus H, Kutlu A, Becerikli G, Semiz C, Tun O, Terzi M, Dogan B, Onar M, Sen S, Cavdar T, Veske A, Norwood F, Dimitriou A, Gollogly J, Mahdi-Rogers M, Seddigh A, Sokratous G, Maier G, Sohail F, Jacob S, Sadalage G, Torane P, Torane P, Brown C, Shah A, Sathasivam S, Arndt H, Davies D, Watling D, Amato A, Cochrane T, Salajegheh M, Roe K, Amato K, Toska S, Silvestri N, Patrick K, Zakalik K, Katz J, Miller R, Engel M, Forshew D, Bravver E, Brooks B, Sanjak M, Plevka S, Burdette M, Cunningham S, Kramer M, Nemeth J, Schommer C, Scott T, Juel V, Guptill J, Hobson-Webb L, Massey J, Beck K, Carnes D, Loor J, Anderson A, Pascuzzi R, Bodkin C, Kincaid J, Snook R, Guingrich S, Micheels A, Chaudhry V, Corse A, Mosmiller B, Kelley A, Ho D, Srinivasan J, Vytopil M, Jara J, Ventura N, Carter C, Donahue C, Herbert C, Scala S, Weiner E, Alam S, McKinnon J, Haar L, McKinnon N, Alcon K, McKenna K, Sattar N, Daniels K, Jeffery D, Freimer M, Hoyle J, Kissel J, Agriesti J, Chelnick S, Mezache L, Pineda C, Muharrem F, Karam C, Khoury J, Marburger T, Kaur H, Dimitrova D, Gilchrist J, Agrawal B, Elsayed M, Kohlrus S, Ardoin A, Darnell T, Golden L, Lokaitis B, Seelbach J, Goyal N, Sakamuri S, So Y, Paulose S, Pol S, Welsh L, Bhavaraju-Sanka R, Gonzalez A, Dishman L, Jones F, Gonzalez A, Padilla P, Saklad A, Silva M, Nations S, Trivedi J, Hopkins S, Kazamel M, Alsharabati M, Lu L, Nozaki K, Mumfrey-Thomas S, Woodall A, Mozaffar T, Cash T, Goyal N, Roy G, Mathew V, Maqsood F, Minton B, Jones H, Rosenfeld J, Garcia R, Echevarria L, Garcia S, Pulley M, Aranke S, Berger A, Shah J, Shabbir Y, Smith L, Varghese M, Shabbir Y, Gutmann L, Gutmann L, Jerath N, Nance C, Swenson A, Olalde H, Kressin N, Sieren J, Barohn R, Dimachkie M, Glenn M, McVey A, Pasnoor M, Statland J, Wang Y, Liu T, Emmons K, Jenci N, Locheke J, Fondaw A, Johns K, Rico G, Walsh M, Herbelin L, Hafer-Macko C, Kwan J, Zilliox L, Callison K, Young V, DiSanzo B, Naunton K, Benatar M, Bilsker M, Sharma K, Cooley A, Reyes E, Michon S, Sheldon D, Steele J, Karam C, Traub R, Chopra M, Vu T, Katzin L, McClain T, Harvey B, Hart A, Huynh K, Beydoun S, Chilingaryan A, Doan V, Droker B, Gong H, Karimi S, Lin F, McClain T, Polaka K, Shah A, Tran A, Akhter S, Malekniazi A, Tandan R, Hehir M, Waheed W, Lucy S, Weiss M, Distad J, Strom S, Downing S, Kim B, Bertorini T, Arnold T, Henderson K, Pillai R, Liu Y, Wheeler L, Hewlett J, Vanderhook M, Nowak R, Dicapua D, Keung B, Kumar A, Patwa H, Robeson K, Yang I, Nye J, Vu H. Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension. Neurology 2020, 96: e610-e618. PMID: 33229455, PMCID: PMC7905790, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011207.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOpen-label extensionPost-intervention statusOpen-label studyMinimal manifestationsEculizumab treatmentMyasthenia gravisAmerica Post-Intervention StatusMGFA post-intervention statusEculizumab-treated patientsPlacebo-treated patientsRefractory myasthenia gravisClass II evidenceNew safety signalsUse of eculizumabMyasthenia Gravis FoundationPharmacologic remissionWeek 130Safety profileWeek 26Patient populationSafety signalsEculizumabPatient statusPatientsMM statusConsistent improvement with eculizumab across muscle groups in myasthenia gravis
Mantegazza R, O'Brien F, Yountz M, Howard J, Mazia C, Wilken M, Barroso F, Saba J, Rugiero M, Bettini M, Chaves M, Vidal G, Garcia A, De Bleecker J, Van den Abeele G, de Koning K, De Mey K, Mercelis R, Mahieu D, Wagemaekers L, Van Damme P, Depreitere A, Schotte C, Smetcoren C, Stevens O, Van Daele S, Vandenbussche N, Vanhee A, Verjans S, Vynckier J, D’Hont A, Tilkin P, de Siqueira Carvalho A, Brockhausen I, Feder D, Ambrosio D, César P, Melo A, Ribeiro R, Rocha R, Rosa B, Veiga T, da Silva L, Engel M, Geraldo J, da Penha Ananias Morita M, Coelho E, Paiva G, Pozo M, Prando N, Torres D, Butinhao C, Duran G, Fialho T, da Silva T, Gonçalves L, Pazetto L, Volpe L, Duca L, Friedrich M, Guerreiro A, Mohr H, Martins M, da Cruz Pacheco D, Ferreira L, Macagnan A, Pinto G, de Cassia Santos A, Oliveira A, de Andrade A, Annes M, Silva L, Lino V, Pinto W, Assis N, Carrara F, Miranda C, Souza I, Fernandes P, Siddiqi Z, Phan C, Narayan J, Blackmore D, Mallon A, Roderus R, Watt E, Vohanka S, Bednarik J, Chmelikova M, Cierny M, Toncrova S, Junkerova J, Kurkova B, Reguliova K, Zapletalova O, Pitha J, Novakova I, Tyblova M, Jurajdova I, Wolfova M, Andersen H, Harbo T, Vinge L, Krogh S, Mogensen A, Vissing J, Højgaard J, Witting N, Autzen A, Pedersen J, Erälinna J, Laaksonen M, Oksaranta O, Harrison T, Eriksson J, Rozsa C, Horvath M, Lovas G, Matolcsi J, Szabo G, Jakab G, Szabadosne B, Vecsei L, Dezsi L, Varga E, Konyane M, Antonini G, Di Pasquale A, Garibaldi M, Morino S, Troili F, Fionda L, Pasquale A, Evoli A, Alboini P, D’Amato V, Iorio R, Inghilleri M, Fionda L, Frasca V, Giacomelli E, Gori M, Lopergolo D, Onesti E, Frasca V, Gabriele M, Saccà F, Filla A, Costabile T, Marano E, Fasanaro A, Marsili A, Puorro G, Antozzi C, Bonanno S, Camera G, Locatelli A, Maggi L, Pasanisi M, Campanella A, Uzawa A, Kanai T, Kawaguchi N, Mori M, Kaneko Y, Kanzaki A, Kobayashi E, Murai H, Masaki K, Matsuse D, Matsushita T, Uehara T, Shimpo M, Jingu M, Kikutake K, Nakamura Y, Sano Y, Utsugisawa K, Nagane Y, Kamegamori I, Tsuda T, Fujii Y, Futono K, Ozawa Y, Mizugami A, Saito Y, Samukawa M, Suzuki H, Morikawa M, Kamakura S, Miyawaki E, Okumura M, Funaka S, Kawamura T, Nakamori M, Takahashi M, Taichi N, Hasuike T, Higuchi E, Kobayashi H, Osakada K, Shiraishi H, Miyazaki T, Motomura M, Mukaino A, Yoshimura S, Asada S, Yoshida S, Amamoto S, Kobashikawa T, Koga M, Maeda Y, Takada K, Takada M, Tsurumaru M, Yamashita Y, Suzuki Y, Akiyama T, Narikawa K, Tano O, Tsukita K, Kurihara R, Meguro F, Fukuda Y, Sato M, Imai T, Tsuda E, Shimohama S, Hayashi T, Hisahara S, Imai T, Kawamata J, Murahara T, Saitoh M, Shimohama S, Suzuki S, Yamamoto D, Ishiyama Y, Ishiyama N, Noshiro M, Takeyama R, Uwasa K, Yasuda I, van der Kooi A, de Visser M, Gibson T, Kim B, Lee C, Koo Y, Seok H, Kang H, Ra H, Kim B, Bin Cho E, Choi M, Lee H, Min J, Seok J, Lee J, Koh D, Kwon J, Park S, Choi E, Hong Y, Ahn S, Koo D, Lim J, Shin C, Hwang J, Kim M, Kim S, Jeong H, Jung J, Kim Y, Lee H, Shin H, Hwang E, Shin M, Casasnovas C, Aguilo M, Homedes‐Pedret C, Palacios N, Porras L, Santamaria V, Lazaro A, Carbonell J, Sune P, Figueras M, Gili G, Mazuela G, Illa I, Vicente E, Diaz‐Manera J, Gutiérrez L, Garcia R, Vidal N, Arribas‐Ibar E, Tejedor E, Salcedo P, Fernandez‐Fournier M, Ruiz P, de Rivera F, Fernandez‐Fournier M, Sastre M, Piehl F, Hietala A, Bjarbo L, Sengun I, Meherremova A, Ozcelik P, Balkan B, Tuga C, Ugur M, Erdem‐Ozdamar S, Bekircan‐Kurt C, Acar N, Yilmaz E, Caliskan Y, Orsel G, Efendi H, Aydinlik S, Cavus H, Kutlu A, Becerikli G, Semiz C, Tun O, Terzi M, Dogan B, Onar M, Sen S, Cavdar T, Veske A, Norwood F, Dimitriou A, Gollogly J, Mahdi‐Rogers M, Seddigh A, Sokratous G, Maier G, Sohail F, Jacob S, Sadalage G, Torane P, Brown C, Shah A, Sathasivam S, Arndt H, Davies D, Watling D, Amato A, Cochrane T, Salajegheh M, Roe K, Amato K, Toska S, Wolfe G, Silvestri N, Patrick K, Zakalik K, Katz J, Miller R, Engel M, Forshew D, Bravver E, Brooks B, Sanjak M, Plevka S, Burdette M, Cunningham S, Kramer M, Nemeth J, Schommer C, Scott T, Juel V, Guptill J, Hobson‐Webb L, Massey J, Beck K, Carnes D, Loor J, Anderson A, Pascuzzi R, Bodkin C, Kincaid J, Snook R, Guingrich S, Micheels A, Chaudhry V, Corse A, Mosmiller B, Kelley A, Ho D, Srinivasan J, Vytopil M, Jara J, Ventura N, Carter C, Donahue C, Herbert C, Scala S, Weiner E, Alam S, McKinnon J, Haar L, McKinnon N, Alcon K, McKenna K, Sattar N, Daniels K, Jeffery D, Freimer M, Hoyle J, Kissel J, Agriesti J, Chelnick S, Mezache L, Pineda C, Muharrem F, Karam C, Khoury J, Marburger T, Kaur H, Dimitrova D, Gilchrist J, Agrawal B, Elsayed M, Kohlrus S, Ardoin A, Darnell T, Golden L, Lokaitis B, Seelbach J, Muppidi S, Goyal N, Sakamuri S, So Y, Paulose S, Pol S, Welsh L, Bhavaraju‐Sanka R, Gonzalez A, Dishman L, Jones F, Gonzalez A, Padilla P, Saklad A, Silva M, Nations S, Trivedi J, Hopkins S, Kazamel M, Alsharabati M, Lu L, Nozaki K, Mumfrey‐Thomas S, Woodall A, Mozaffar T, Cash T, Goyal N, Roy G, Mathew V, Maqsood F, Minton B, Jones H, Rosenfeld J, Garcia R, Echevarria L, Garcia S, Pulley M, Aranke S, Berger A, Shah J, Shabbir Y, Smith L, Varghese M, Shabbir Y, Gutmann L, Gutmann L, Jerath N, Nance C, Swenson A, Olalde H, Kressin N, Sieren J, Barohn R, Dimachkie M, Glenn M, McVey A, Pasnoor M, Statland J, Wang Y, Liu T, Emmons K, Jenci N, Locheke J, Fondaw A, Johns K, Rico G, Walsh M, Herbelin L, Hafer‐Macko C, Kwan J, Zilliox L, Callison K, Young V, DiSanzo B, Naunton K, Benatar M, Bilsker M, Sharma K, Cooley A, Reyes E, Michon S, Sheldon D, Steele J, Karam C, Traub R, Chopra M, Vu T, Katzin L, McClain T, Harvey B, Hart A, Huynh K, Beydoun S, Chilingaryan A, Doan V, Droker B, Gong H, Karimi S, Lin F, McClain T, Polaka K, Shah A, Tran A, Akhter S, Malekniazi A, Tandan R, Hehir M, Waheed W, Lucy S, Weiss M, Distad J, Strom S, Downing S, Kim B, Bertorini T, Arnold T, Henderson K, Pillai R, Liu Y, Wheeler L, Hewlett J, Vanderhook M, Nowak R, Dicapua D, Keung B, Kumar A, Patwa H, Robeson K, Yang I, Nye J, Vu H. Consistent improvement with eculizumab across muscle groups in myasthenia gravis. Annals Of Clinical And Translational Neurology 2020, 7: 1327-1339. PMID: 32700461, PMCID: PMC7448154, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnti-acetylcholine receptorOpen-label extensionMyasthenia Gravis ActivitiesMyasthenia gravisDaily Living ProfileMuscle groupsLiving ProfilesDomain scoresOpen-label extension trialQuantitative myasthenia gravis scalePhysician-reported outcomesTerminal complement inhibitorEculizumab treatmentExtension trialMuscle strengthSustained improvementPatientsGravisComplement inhibitorsREGAIN studyTotal scoreTreatment elicitsRapid improvementPlaceboEculizumab
2019
Long-term efficacy and safety of eculizumab in Japanese patients with generalized myasthenia gravis: A subgroup analysis of the REGAIN open-label extension study
Murai H, Uzawa A, Suzuki Y, Imai T, Shiraishi H, Suzuki H, Okumura M, O’Brien F, Wang J, Fujita K, Utsugisawa K, Group I, Mazia C, Wilken M, Barroso F, Saba J, Rugiero M, Bettini M, Chaves M, Vidal G, Garcia A, De Bleecker J, Van den Abeele G, de Koning K, De Mey K, Mercelis R, Mahieu D, Wagemaekers L, Van Damme P, Depreitere A, Schotte C, Smetcoren C, Stevens O, Van Daele S, Vandenbussche N, Vanhee A, Verjans S, Vynckier J, D'Hondt A, Tilkin P, de Siqueira Carvalho A, Brockhausen I, Feder D, Ambrosio D, César P, Melo A, Ribeiro R, Rocha R, Rosa B, Veiga T, da Silva L, Engel M, Geraldo J, da Penha Ananias Morita M, Coelho E, Paiva G, Pozo M, Prando N, Torres D, Butinhao C, Duran G, da Silva T, Gonçalves L, Pazetto L, Fialho T, Volpe L, Duca L, Oliveira A, Andrade A, Annes M, Silva L, Lino V, Pinto W, Assis N, Carrara F, Miranda C, Souza I, Fernandes P, Siddiqi Z, Phan C, Narayan J, Blackmore D, Mallon A, Roderus R, Watt E, Junkerova J, Kurkova B, Reguliova K, Zapletalova O, Pitha J, Novakova I, Tyblova M, Jurajdova I, Wolfova M, Andersen H, Harbo T, Vinge L, Krogh S, Mogensen A, Vissing J, Højgaard J, Witting N, Autzen A, Pedersen J, Eralinna J, Laaksonen M, Oksaranta O, Harrison T, Eriksson J, Rozsa C, Horvath M, Lovas G, Matolcsi J, Szabo G, Jakab G, Szabadosne B, Antonini G, Di Pasquale A, Garibaldi M, Morino S, Troili F, Fionda L, Filla A, Costabile T, Marano E, Saccà F, Fasanaro A, Marsili A, Puorro G, Mantegazza R, Antozzi C, Bonanno S, Camera G, Locatelli A, Maggi L, Pasanisi M, Campanella A, Evoli A, Alboini P, D'Amato V, Iorio R, Kanai T, Kawaguchi N, Mori M, Kaneko Y, Kanzaki A, Kobayashi E, Masaki K, Matsuse D, Matsushita T, Uehara T, Shimpo M, Jingu M, Kikutake K, Nakamura Y, Sano Y, Nagane Y, Kamegamori I, Tsuda T, Fujii Y, Futono K, Ozawa Y, Mizugami A, Saito Y, Morikawa M, Samukawa M, Kamakura S, Miyawaki E, Mitazaki T, Motomura M, Mukaino A, Yoshimura S, Asada S, Yoshida S, Amamoto S, Kobashikawa T, Koga M, Maeda Y, Takada K, Takada M, Tsurumaru M, Yamashita Y, Akiyama T, Narikawa K, Tano O, Tsukita K, Kurihara R, Meguro F, Fukuda Y, Sato M, Funaka S, Kawamura T, Makamori M, Takahashi M, Taichi N, Hasuike T, Higuchi E, Kobayashi H, Osakada K, Tsuda E, Shimohama S, Hayashi T, Hisahara S, Kawamata J, Murahara T, Saitoh M, Suzuki S, Yamamoto D, Ishiyama Y, Ishiyama N, Noshiro M, Takeyama R, Uwasa K, Yasuda I, van der Kooi A, de Visser M, Gibson T, Casasnovas C, Aguilo M, Homedes-Pedret C, Palacios N, Porras L, Santamaria V, Lazaro A, Tejedor E, Salcedo P, Fernandez-Fournier M, Ruiz P, de Rivera F, Sastre M, Gamez J, Sune P, Salvado M, Gili G, Mazuela G, Illa I, Vicente E, Diaz-Manera J, Gutierrez L, Garcia R, Vidal N, Arribas-Ibar E, Piehl F, Hietala A, Bjarbo L, Sengun I, Meherremova A, Ozcelik P, Balkan B, Tuga C, Ugur M, Erdem-Ozdamar S, Bekircan-Kurt C, Acar N, Yilmaz E, Caliskan Y, Orsel G, Efendi H, Aydinlik S, Cavus H, Kutlu A, Becerikli G, Semiz C, Tun O, Terzi M, Dogan B, Onar M, Sen S, Cavdar T, Veske A, Norwood F, Dimitriou A, Gollogly J, Mahdi-Rogers M, Seddigh A, Sokratous G, Maier G, Sohail F, Jacob S, Sadalage G, Torane P, Brown C, Shah A, Sathasivam S, Arndt H, Davies D, Watling D, Amato A, Cochrane T, Salajegheh M, Roe K, Amato K, Toska S, Wolfe G, Silvestri N, Patrick K, Zakalik K, Katz J, Miller R, Engel M, Forshew D, Bravver E, Brooks B, Plevka S, Burdette M, Cunningham S, Sanjak M, Kramer M, Nemeth J, Schommer C, Tierney S, Juel V, Guptill J, Hobson-Webb L, Massey J, Beck K, Carnes D, Loor J, Anderson A, Pascuzzi R, Bodkin C, Kincaid J, Snook R, Guingrich S, Micheels A, Chaudhry V, Corse A, Mosmiller B, Kelley A, Ho D, Srinivasan J, Vytopil M, Jara J, Ventura N, Scala S, Carter C, Donahue C, Herbert C, Weiner E, Alam S, McKinnon J, Haar L, McKinnon N, Alcon K, McKenna K, Sattar N, Daniels K, Jeffery D, Freimer M, Hoyle J, Kissel J, Agriesti J, Chelnick S, Mezache L, Pineda C, Muharrem F, Karam C, Khoury J, Marburger T, Kaur H, Dimitrova D, Gilchrist J, Agrawal B, Elsayed M, Kohlrus S, Andoin A, Darnell T, Golden L, Lokaitis B, Seelback J, Muppidi S, Goyal N, Sakamuri S, So Y, Paulose S, Pol S, Welsh L, Bhavaraju-Sanka R, Gonzales A, Dishman L, Jones F, Gonzalez A, Padilla P, Saklad A, Silva M, Kazamel M, Alsharabati M, Lu L, Nozaki K, Mumfrey-Thomas S, Woodall A, Mozaffar T, Cash T, Goyal N, Roy G, Mathew V, Maqsood F, Minton B, Jones H, Rosenfeld J, Garcia R, Echevarria L, Garcia S, Pulley M, Aranke S, Berger A, Shah J, Shabbir Y, Smith L, Varghese M, Gutmann L, Gutmann L, Jerath N, Nance C, Swenson A, Olalde H, Kressin N, Sieren J, Barohn R, Dimachkie M, Glenn M, McVey A, Pasnoor M, Statland J, Wang Y, Liu T, Emmons K, Jenci N, Locheke J, Fondaw A, Johns K, Rico G, Walsh M, Herbelin L, Hafer-Macko C, Kwan J, Zilliox L, Callison K, Young V, DiSanzo B, Naunton K, Benatar M, Bilsker M, Sharma K, Cooley A, Reyes E, Michon S, Sheldon D, Steele J, Howard J, Karam C, Chopra M, Traub R, Vu T, Katzin L, McClain T, Harvey B, Hart A, Huynh K, Beydoun S, Chilingaryan A, Doan V, Droker B, Gong H, Karimi S, Lin F, McClain T, Pokala K, Shah A, Tran A, Akhter S, Malekniazi A, Tandan R, Hehir M, Waheed W, Lucy S, Weiss M, Distad J, Strom S, Downing S, Kim B, Nowak R, Dicapua D, Keung B, Kumar A, Patwa H, Robeson K, Yang I, Nye J, Vu H. Long-term efficacy and safety of eculizumab in Japanese patients with generalized myasthenia gravis: A subgroup analysis of the REGAIN open-label extension study. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 2019, 407: 116419. PMID: 31698177, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.08.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSafety of eculizumabMyasthenia gravisCaucasian patientsAnti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractoryTerminal complement inhibitor eculizumabOpen-label extension studyMyasthenia Gravis ActivitiesQuantitative Myasthenia GravisGeneralized myasthenia gravisOpen-label extensionComplement inhibitor eculizumabLong-term efficacyMyasthenia Gravis QualityMyasthenia Gravis CompositeExtension baselineWeek 52Safety profileSubgroup analysisJapanese patientsDaily livingEculizumabGravisExtension studyPatientsREGAIN studyLong‐term safety and efficacy of eculizumab in generalized myasthenia gravis
Muppidi S, Utsugisawa K, Benatar M, Murai H, Barohn RJ, Illa I, Jacob S, Vissing J, Burns TM, Kissel JT, Nowak RJ, Andersen H, Casasnovas C, de Bleecker J, Vu TH, Mantegazza R, O'Brien FL, Wang JJ, Fujita KP, Howard JF, Mazia C, Wilken M, Barroso F, Saba J, Rugiero M, Bettini M, Chaves M, Vidal G, Garcia A, Van den Abeele G, de Koning K, De Mey K, Mercelis R, Mahieu D, Wagemaekers L, Van Damme P, Depreitere A, Schotte C, Smetcoren C, Stevens O, Van Daele S, Vandenbussche N, Vanhee A, Verjans S, Vynckier J, D'Hondt A, Tilkin P, de Siqueira Carvalho A, Brockhausen I, Feder D, Ambrosio D, César P, Melo A, Ribeiro R, Rocha R, Rosa B, Veiga T, da Silva L, Engel M, Geraldo J, da Penha Ananias Morita M, Coelho E, Paiva G, Pozo M, Prando N, Torres D, Butinhao C, Duran G, da Silva T, Gonçalves L, Pazetto L, Fialho T, Volpe L, Duca L, Friedrich M, Guerreiro A, Mohr H, Martins M, da Cruz Pacheco D, Ferreira L, Macagnan A, Pinto G, de Cassia Santos A, Oliveira A, Andrade A, Annes M, Silva L, Lino V, Pinto W, Assis N, Carrara F, Miranda C, Souza I, Fernandes P, Siddiqi Z, Phan C, Narayan J, Blackmore D, Mallon A, Roderus R, Watt E, Vohanka S, Bednarik J, Chmelikova M, Cierny M, Toncrova S, Junkerova J, Kurkova B, Reguliova K, Zapletalova O, Pitha J, Novakova I, Tyblova M, Jurajdova I, Wolfova M, Harbo T, Vinge L, Krogh S, Mogensen A, Højgaard J, Witting N, Autzen A, Pedersen J, Eralinna J, Laaksonen M, Oksaranta O, Harrison T, Eriksson J, Rozsa C, Horvath M, Lovas G, Matolcsi J, Szabo G, Jakab G, Szabadosne B, Vecsei L, Dezsi L, Varga E, Konyane M, Antonini G, Di Pasquale A, Garibaldi M, Morino S, Troili F, Fionda L, Filla A, Costabile T, Marano E, Saccà F, Fasanaro A, Marsili A, Puorro G, Antozzi C, Bonanno S, Camera G, Locatelli A, Maggi L, Pasanisi M, Campanella A, Evoli A, Alboini P, D'Amato V, Iorio R, Inghilleri M, Fionda L, Frasca V, Giacomelli E, Gori M, Lopergolo D, Onesti E, Frasca V, Gabriele M, Uzawa A, Kanai T, Kawaguchi N, Mori M, Kaneko Y, Kanzaki A, Kobayashi E, Masaki K, Matsuse D, Matsushita T, Uehara T, Shimpo M, Jingu M, Kikutake K, Nakamura Y, Sano Y, Nagane Y, Kamegamori I, Tsuda T, Fujii Y, Futono K, Ozawa Y, Mizugami A, Saito Y, Suzuki H, Morikawa M, Samukawa M, Kamakura S, Miyawaki E, Shiraishi H, Mitazaki T, Motomura M, Mukaino A, Yoshimura S, Asada S, Yoshida S, Amamoto S, Kobashikawa T, Koga M, Maeda Y, Takada K, Takada M, Tsurumaru M, Yamashita Y, Suzuki Y, Akiyama T, Narikawa K, Tano O, Tsukita K, Kurihara R, Meguro F, Fukuda Y, Sato M, Okumura M, Funaka S, Kawamura T, Makamori M, Takahashi M, Taichi N, Hasuike T, Higuchi E, Kobayashi H, Osakada K, Imai T, Tsuda E, Shimohama S, Hayashi T, Hisahara S, Kawamata J, Murahara T, Saitoh M, Suzuki S, Yamamoto D, Ishiyama Y, Ishiyama N, Noshiro M, Takeyama R, Uwasa K, Yasuda I, van der Kooi A, de Visser M, Gibson T, Kim B, Lee C, Koo Y, Seok H, Kang H, Ra H, Kim B, Bin Cho E, Choi M, Lee H, Min J, Seok J, Lee J, Koh D, Kwon J, Park S, Choi E, Hong Y, Ahn S, Koo D, Lim J, Shin C, Hwang J, Kim M, Kim S, Jeong H, Jung J, Kim Y, Lee H, Shin H, Hwang E, Shin M, Aguilo M, Homedes-Pedret C, Palacios N, Porras L, Santamaria V, Lazaro A, Tejedor E, Salcedo P, Fernandez-Fournier M, Ruiz P, de Rivera F, Sastre M, Gamez J, Sune P, Salvado M, Gili G, Mazuela G, Vicente E, Diaz-Manera J, Gutierrez L, Garcia R, Vidal N, Arribas-Ibar E, Piehl F, Hietala A, Bjarbo L, Sengun I, Meherremova A, Ozcelik P, Balkan B, Tuga C, Ugur M, Erdem-Ozdamar S, Bekircan‐Kurt C, Acar N, Yilmaz E, Caliskan Y, Orsel G, Efendi H, Aydinlik S, Cavus H, Kutlu A, Becerikli G, Semiz C, Tun O, Terzi M, Dogan B, Onar M, Sen S, Cavdar T, Veske A, Norwood F, Dimitriou A, Gollogly J, Mahdi-Rogers M, Seddigh A, Sokratous G, Maier G, Sohail F, Sadalage G, Torane P, Brown C, Shah A, Sathasivam S, Arndt H, Davies D, Watling D, Amato A, Cochrane T, Salajegheh M, Roe K, Amato K, Toska S, Wolfe G, Silvestri N, Patrick K, Zakalik K, Katz J, Miller R, Engel M, Forshew D, Bravver E, Brooks B, Plevka S, Burdette M, Cunningham S, Sanjak M, Kramer M, Nemeth J, Schommer C, Tierney S, Juel V, Guptill J, Hobson-Webb L, Massey J, Beck K, Carnes D, Loor J, Anderson A, Pascuzzi R, Bodkin C, Kincaid J, Snook R, Guingrich S, Micheels A, Chaudhry V, Corse A, Mosmiller B, Kelley A, Ho D, Srinivasan J, Vytopil M, Jara J, Ventura N, Scala S, Carter C, Donahue C, Herbert C, Weiner E, Alam S, McKinnon J, Haar L, McKinnon N, Alcon K, McKenna K, Sattar N, Daniels K, Jeffery D, Freimer M, Hoyle J, Agriesti J, Chelnick S, Mezache L, Pineda C, Muharrem F, Karam C, Khoury J, Marburger T, Kaur H, Dimitrova D, Gilchrist J, Agrawal B, Elsayed M, Kohlrus S, Andoin A, Darnell T, Golden L, Lokaitis B, Seelback J, Goyal N, Sakamuri S, So Y, Paulose S, Pol S, Welsh L, Bhavaraju-Sanka R, Gonzales A, Dishman L, Jones F, Gonzalez A, Padilla P, Saklad A, Silva M, Nations S, Trivedi J, Hopkins S, Kazamel M, Alsharabati M, Lu L, Nozaki K, Mumfrey-Thomas S, Woodall A, Mozaffar T, Cash T, Goyal N, Roy G, Mathew V, Maqsood F, Minton B, Jones H, Rosenfeld J, Garcia R, Echevarria L, Garcia S, Pulley M, Aranke S, Berger A, Shah J, Shabbir Y, Smith L, Varghese M, Gutmann L, Gutmann L, Jerath N, Nance C, Swenson A, Olalde H, Kressin N, Sieren J, Dimachkie M, Glenn M, McVey A, Pasnoor M, Statland J, Wang Y, Liu T, Emmons K, Jenci N, Locheke J, Fondaw A, Johns K, Rico G, Walsh M, Herbelin L, Hafer-Macko C, Kwan J, Zilliox L, Callison K, Young V, DiSanzo B, Naunton K, Bilsker M, Sharma K, Cooley A, Reyes E, Michon S, Sheldon D, Steele J, Karam C, Chopra M, Traub R, Katzin L, McClain T, Harvey B, Hart A, Huynh K, Beydoun S, Chilingaryan A, Doan V, Droker B, Gong H, Karimi S, Lin F, McClain T, Pokala K, Shah A, Tran A, Akhter S, Malekniazi A, Tandan R, Hehir M, Waheed W, Lucy S, Weiss M, Distad J, Strom S, Downing S, Kim B, Bertorini T, Arnold T, Hendersen K, Pillai R, Liu Y, Wheeler L, Hewlett J, Vanderhook M, Dicapua D, Keung B, Kumar A, Patwa H, Robeson K, Yang I, Nye J, Vu H. Long‐term safety and efficacy of eculizumab in generalized myasthenia gravis. Muscle & Nerve 2019, 60: 14-24. PMID: 30767274, PMCID: PMC6619057, DOI: 10.1002/mus.26447.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsActivities of Daily LivingAdultAngioedemaAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAspergillosisComplement Inactivating AgentsDisease ProgressionFemaleHeart DiseasesHumansInjection Site ReactionLongitudinal StudiesMaleMeningococcal InfectionsMeningococcal VaccinesMiddle AgedMuscle StrengthMyasthenia GravisQuality of LifeTreatment OutcomeConceptsLong-term safetyMyasthenia gravisEfficacy of eculizumabGeneralized myasthenia gravisOpen-label extensionQuality of lifeExacerbation rateMeningococcal infectionPharmacological remissionSafety profileSustained efficacyMuscle strengthEculizumabDaily livingInterim analysisMinimal manifestationsSustained improvementFunctional abilityPatientsGravisEfficacyRegainRefractorySafetyPlacebo
2016
Public Knowledge and Attitude toward Essential Tremor: A Questionnaire Survey
Shalaby S, Indes J, Keung B, Gottschalk CH, Machado D, Patel A, Robakis D, Louis ED. Public Knowledge and Attitude toward Essential Tremor: A Questionnaire Survey. Frontiers In Neurology 2016, 7: 60. PMID: 27148160, PMCID: PMC4840213, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEssential tremorPD patientsDisease patientsFeatures of ETGeneral neurology clinicParkinson's disease patientsConsecutive enrolleesDisease clinicNeurology clinicMain symptomsBrain surgeryPatientsSame diseaseOdd causeEnrolleesTremorClinicPublic knowledgeDiseasePublic awarenessLack of knowledgeGreater awareness