2010
Direct Evidence for Wake-Related Increases and Sleep-Related Decreases in Synaptic Strength in Rodent Cortex
Liu ZW, Faraguna U, Cirelli C, Tononi G, Gao XB. Direct Evidence for Wake-Related Increases and Sleep-Related Decreases in Synaptic Strength in Rodent Cortex. Journal Of Neuroscience 2010, 30: 8671-8675. PMID: 20573912, PMCID: PMC2903226, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1409-10.2010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMiniature EPSCsAmplitude of mEPSCsFrontal cortex slicesNet synaptic potentiationCerebral cortexCortex slicesLarge brain areasSynaptic potentiationSynaptic currentsBrain areasRodent cortexStrong synapsesRecovery sleepSynaptic homeostasisSynaptic strengthSleepCortexSynapsesEPSCsTime of dayRatsPotentiationMiceDirect evidence
2002
Melanin‐concentrating hormone depresses L‐, N‐, and P/Q‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels in rat lateral hypothalamic neurons
Gao X, van den Pol A. Melanin‐concentrating hormone depresses L‐, N‐, and P/Q‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels in rat lateral hypothalamic neurons. The Journal Of Physiology 2002, 542: 273-286. PMID: 12096069, PMCID: PMC2290404, DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.019372.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCalcium Channel BlockersCalcium Channels, L-TypeCalcium Channels, N-TypeCalcium Channels, P-TypeCells, CulturedFemaleGTP-Binding ProteinsHypothalamic HormonesHypothalamusImage Processing, Computer-AssistedIn Vitro TechniquesMelaninsMembrane PotentialsNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPituitary HormonesPregnancyRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySignal TransductionConceptsMelanin-concentrating hormoneLH neuronsCalcium currentNon-neuronal cellsHighest MCh concentrationMCH concentrationPertussis toxinCalcium channelsActions of MCHPTX-sensitive G protein pathwayRat lateral hypothalamic neuronsQ-type voltage-dependent calcium channelsVoltage-dependent calcium currentsQ-type calcium channelsVoltage-dependent calcium channelsInhibitory effectLateral hypothalamic neuronsLateral hypothalamic areaN-type currentWhole-cell recordingsVoltage-activated currentsG proteinsN-type channelsExcitatory actionHypothalamic area
2001
Melanin concentrating hormone depresses synaptic activity of glutamate and GABA neurons from rat lateral hypothalamus
Gao X, van den Pol A. Melanin concentrating hormone depresses synaptic activity of glutamate and GABA neurons from rat lateral hypothalamus. The Journal Of Physiology 2001, 533: 237-252. PMID: 11351031, PMCID: PMC2278620, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0237b.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAction PotentialsAnimalsBicucullineCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedElectric ConductivityExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsFemaleFetusGABA AntagonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamic AcidGTP-Binding ProteinsHypothalamic Area, LateralHypothalamic HormonesIn Vitro TechniquesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMelaninsNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexin ReceptorsOrexinsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPituitary HormonesPotassiumPregnancyRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledReceptors, GlutamateReceptors, NeuropeptideSodiumSynaptic TransmissionTetrodotoxinConceptsSynaptic activityLH neuronsAction potentialsPotassium channelsActions of MCHInhibitory synaptic eventsGABAB receptor agonistAmino acid transmittersLateral hypothalamic areaCalcium-dependent releasePresence of tetrodotoxinRat lateral hypothalamusEffect of MCHFast synaptic activityGlutamate-evoked currentsWhole-cell recordingsPostsynaptic glutamate receptorsNon-neuronal cellsMiniature excitatory currentsVoltage-dependent potassium channelsNeuropeptide melaninGABA neuronsVoltage-clamp experimentsExcitatory actionLH actionLateral hypothalamus: Early developmental expression and response to hypocretin (orexin)
Van Den Pol A, Patrylo P, Ghosh P, Gao X. Lateral hypothalamus: Early developmental expression and response to hypocretin (orexin). The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 2001, 433: 349-363. PMID: 11298360, DOI: 10.1002/cne.1144.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBrainCalciumCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedElectrophysiologyEmbryo, MammalianHypothalamic Area, LateralImmunohistochemistryIn Vitro TechniquesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexin ReceptorsOrexinsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledReceptors, NeuropeptideRNA, MessengerConceptsLateral hypothalamic areaSynaptic activityLH neuronsNeuronal activitySleep regulationWhole-cell patch-clamp recordingsRobust increaseAdult central nervous systemEndocrine controlPostnatal day 1Day of birthCentral nervous systemPatch-clamp recordingsVoltage-clamp recordingsEmbryonic day 19Hypocretin-1Excitatory influenceHypothalamic areaHypocretin-2Spinal cordMature brainFood intakeHypocretin systemLH cellsReceptor mRNA
1999
Kainate Acts at Presynaptic Receptors to Increase GABA Release From Hypothalamic Neurons
Liu Q, Patrylo P, Gao X, van den Pol A. Kainate Acts at Presynaptic Receptors to Increase GABA Release From Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 1999, 82: 1059-1062. PMID: 10444697, DOI: 10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.1059.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeurotrophin‐3 potentiates excitatory GABAergic synaptic transmission in cultured developing hypothalamic neurones of the rat
Gao X, van den Pol A. Neurotrophin‐3 potentiates excitatory GABAergic synaptic transmission in cultured developing hypothalamic neurones of the rat. The Journal Of Physiology 1999, 518: 81-95. PMID: 10373691, PMCID: PMC2269394, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0081r.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAnimalsCalciumCarbazolesCells, CulturedElectric StimulationEnzyme InhibitorsExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidHypothalamusIndole AlkaloidsMembrane PotentialsNeuronsNeurotrophin 3Patch-Clamp TechniquesProtein-Tyrosine KinasesRatsSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionTetrodotoxinConceptsSpontaneous postsynaptic currentsFrequency of GABANT-3 effectsNeurotrophin-3Postsynaptic currentsHypothalamic neuronesMature neuronesWhole-cell patch-clamp recordingsMiniature post-synaptic currentsGABAergic synaptic transmissionMiniature postsynaptic currentsDose-dependent potentiationPresence of tetrodotoxinAction potential frequencyPeripheral nervous systemPatch-clamp recordingsTyrosine kinase inhibitorsMean amplitudePost-synaptic currentsNon-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitorRat hypothalamic neuronesGABA excitationGABA releaseGABAergic synapsesPresynaptic locus
1998
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in Developing Neurons
van den Pol A, Gao X, Patrylo P, Ghosh P, Obrietan K. Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in Developing Neurons. Journal Of Neuroscience 1998, 18: 10749-10761. PMID: 9852609, PMCID: PMC6793361, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-24-10749.1998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCalciumCells, CulturedCerebral CortexEmbryo, MammalianExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsGABA AntagonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGene ExpressionGlutamic AcidGramicidinHypothalamusIn Vitro TechniquesNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPresynaptic TerminalsPropionatesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Metabotropic GlutamateSpinal CordConceptsGroup III mGluRsExcitatory actionGABA activityGroup II metabotropic glutamate receptorsFura-2 digital imagingSynapse formationBrain developmentInhibitory roleAgonist L-AP4Excitatory GABA actionsGlutamate-mediated inhibitionMetabotropic glutamate receptorsSpinal cord neuronsMajor inhibitory neurotransmitterWhole-cell recordingsSimilar inhibitory actionBrain GABAEarly brain developmentExcitatory roleGABA releaseL-AP4Excitatory transmitterGABA actionHypothalamic neuronsCord neuronsGABA-Dependent Firing of Glutamate-Evoked Action Potentials at AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons
Gao X, Chen G, van den Pol A. GABA-Dependent Firing of Glutamate-Evoked Action Potentials at AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 1998, 79: 716-726. PMID: 9463435, DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.716.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGamma-aminobutyric acidAction potentialsHypothalamic neuronsAMPA/kainate receptorsN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsGlutamate-mediated excitationAdult mammalian CNSFire action potentialsMajor inhibitory roleExcitatory functionGlutamate responseGlutamate receptorsKainate receptorsMammalian CNSMaximal effectSlight temporal delayNeuronal circuitsInhibitory roleNeuronsReceptorsBroad time windowDepolarizationGlutamatePresent studySimilar resultsThe hypocretins: Hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity
de Lecea L, Kilduff TS, Peyron C, Gao X, Foye PE, Danielson PE, Fukuhara C, Battenberg E, Gautvik VT, Bartlett FS, Frankel WN, van den Pol AN, Bloom FE, Gautvik KM, Sutcliffe JG. The hypocretins: Hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1998, 95: 322-327. PMID: 9419374, PMCID: PMC18213, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.1.322.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBase SequenceCarrier ProteinsChromosomesConsensus SequenceHomeostasisHypothalamus, PosteriorIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMaleMiceMolecular Sequence DataNeuronsNeuropeptidesNeurotransmitter AgentsOrexinsProtein PrecursorsRatsRats, WistarSecretinSynaptic VesiclesConceptsGut hormone secretinLateral hypothalamic areaNeuronal cell bodiesLarge granular vesiclesPosterior hypothalamusHypothalamic areaHypothalamic neuronsHippocampal neuronsCell bodiesGranular vesiclesHcrt peptidesHormone secretinNeuronsHypocretinNeuroexcitatory activityPeptidesPutative precursorBrainstemThalamusHypothalamusImmunoreactivityCNSNeurotransmittersSecretinProtein products