Low doses of the organic insecticide spinosad trigger lysosomal defects, elevated ROS, lipid dysregulation, and neurodegeneration in flies
Martelli F, Hernandes N, Zuo Z, Wang J, Wong C, Karagas N, Roessner U, Rupasinghe T, Robin C, Venkatachalam K, Perry T, Batterham P, Bellen H. Low doses of the organic insecticide spinosad trigger lysosomal defects, elevated ROS, lipid dysregulation, and neurodegeneration in flies. ELife 2022, 11: e73812. PMID: 35191376, PMCID: PMC8863376, DOI: 10.7554/elife.73812.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCentral Nervous SystemDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrosophila melanogasterDrug CombinationsInsecticidesLipid MetabolismLysosomesMacrolidesReactive Oxygen SpeciesConceptsReactive oxygen speciesBeneficial insectsBeneficial insect speciesElevated reactive oxygen speciesInsect speciesInsect pestsMitochondrial stressMitochondrial defectsAdult virgin femalesLysosomal defectsGlobal declineAntioxidant N-acetylcysteine amidePopulation sizeSpinosad toxicityMode of actionLipid storageMetabolic tissuesVirgin femalesInsecticide applicationsLysosomal dysfunctionInsectsSevere neurodegenerationSynthetic insecticidesOxygen speciesAlpha 6