2003
Primary cortical motor neurons undergo apoptosis after axotomizing spinal cord injury
Hains B, Black J, Waxman S. Primary cortical motor neurons undergo apoptosis after axotomizing spinal cord injury. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 2003, 462: 328-341. PMID: 12794736, DOI: 10.1002/cne.10733.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryCortical motor neuronsFluoro-GoldCorticospinal tractCord injuryMotor neuronsTerminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphateAdult male Sprague-Dawley ratsRetrograde tracer Fluoro-GoldMale Sprague-Dawley ratsApoptotic cell deathDorsal corticospinal tractPrimary motor cortexTracer Fluoro-GoldSprague-Dawley ratsVoluntary motor controlTUNEL-positive cellsCell deathEvidence of apoptosisSham surgeryDorsal funiculusMotor cortexPyramidal cellsLesion sitePositive cells
2002
Primary motor neurons fail to up‐regulate voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.3/brain type III following axotomy resulting from spinal cord injury
Hains B, Black J, Waxman S. Primary motor neurons fail to up‐regulate voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.3/brain type III following axotomy resulting from spinal cord injury. Journal Of Neuroscience Research 2002, 70: 546-552. PMID: 12404508, DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10402.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryUpper motor neuronsPrimary motor cortexDorsal root gangliaMotor neuronsCord injuryMotor cortexRat primary motor cortexDorsal column transectionIpsilateral DRG neuronsCortical motor neuronsSciatic nerve transectionTraumatic head injuryFacial motor neuronsSodium channel expressionPrimary motor neuronsVoltage-gated sodium channelsPeripheral axotomyDRG neuronsNerve transectionLayer VControl brainsHead injuryRoot gangliaSpinal cord
1988
Nonpyramidal Motor Systems and Functional Recovery After Damage to the Central Nervous System
Waxman S. Nonpyramidal Motor Systems and Functional Recovery After Damage to the Central Nervous System. Neurorehabilitation And Neural Repair 1988, 2: 1-6. DOI: 10.1177/136140968800200101.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLateral corticospinal tractCentral nervous systemCorticospinal tractProximal musculatureNervous systemMotor systemProximal limb musculatureResidual motor functionMotor controlCorticobulbar pathwaysMost patientsDistal musclesCortical lesionsFunctional recoveryBilateral innervationMotor cortexMotor functionMotor neuronsMaintenance of postureClinical observationsUnilateral damageBilateral damagePatientsNeurological diseasesMotor response