1996
Differences in the Incidence of Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users
Levine O, Vlahov D, Brookmeyer R, Cohn S, Nelson K. Differences in the Incidence of Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 173: 579-583. PMID: 8627020, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.3.579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHBV seroconversionOutcome measuresDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversionIncident hepatitis B virusHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV seroconversion ratesHIV-seronegative IDUsSubsequent HIV seroconversionImmunodeficiency virus infectionInjecting Drug UsersSurrogate outcome measureImportant outcome measureNeedle exchange programsMale IDUsHIV seroconversionIncident HIVSeroconversion ratesHepatitis BHIV infectionFemale IDUsB virusVirus infectionSeroconversion
1994
Changes in HIV Risk Behaviors among Counseled Injecting Drug Users
Mandell W, Vlahov D, Latkin C, Carran D, Oziemkowska M, Reedt L. Changes in HIV Risk Behaviors among Counseled Injecting Drug Users. Journal Of Drug Issues 1994, 24: 555-567. DOI: 10.1177/002204269402400314.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHIV risk behaviorsRisk behaviorsShort-term educational interventionHIV-seronegative IDUsEducational interventionInjecting Drug UsersIntensive educational interventionSeronegative IDUsHIV infectionSignificant additional benefitSix monthsDrug usersDrug useEducational sessionsIntensive interventionReduction of activityOne hourInterventionIDUsCommunity sampleFifteen minutesInjection equipmentMonthsRisky behaviorsAdditional benefitImpact of HIV infection on non-AIDS mortality among Italian injecting drug users
Zaccarelli M, Gattari P, Rezza G, Conti S, Spizzichino L, Vlahov D, Ippolito G, Lelli V, Valenzi C. Impact of HIV infection on non-AIDS mortality among Italian injecting drug users. AIDS 1994, 8: 345-350. PMID: 8031512, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199403000-00008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV seropositivesHIV serostatusAIDS mortalityMortality rateAge-adjusted standardized mortality ratiosDrug usersHIV-negative IDUsHIV-seronegative IDUsHIV-seropositive IDUPerson-time techniquesStandardized mortality ratioCause-specific mortalityDrug treatment centersRate of deathHIV-seronegativesPossible HIVHIV infectionHIV testingProspective studyMortality ratioExcess mortalityGeneral populationOverdose mortalityAIDS causesHIV