2008
Chronic Stress, Drug Use, and Vulnerability to Addiction
Sinha R. Chronic Stress, Drug Use, and Vulnerability to Addiction. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2008, 1141: 105-130. PMID: 18991954, PMCID: PMC2732004, DOI: 10.1196/annals.1441.030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsArousalChronic DiseaseCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneDisease SusceptibilityEmotionsFemaleHumansHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemIllicit DrugsLimbic SystemMaleNeurotransmitter AgentsPituitary-Adrenal SystemRewardSelf MedicationStress, PhysiologicalStress, PsychologicalSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeSubstance-Related DisordersSympathetic Nervous SystemConceptsCompulsive drug seekingStress-related riskDevelopment of addictionChronic drug useEarly life stressMotivational systemsIndividual-level variablesRelapse susceptibilityRelapse vulnerabilityDrug seekingAutonomic arousalDrug useLife stressDrug-experienced animalsSpecific stressorsChild maltreatmentSubstance useMesolimbic dopamineStress exposureStress regulationAddictionChronic stressCentral noradrenergic systemNoradrenergic systemButyric acid pathway
2001
How does stress increase risk of drug abuse and relapse?
Sinha R. How does stress increase risk of drug abuse and relapse? Psychopharmacology 2001, 158: 343-359. PMID: 11797055, DOI: 10.1007/s002130100917.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug abuseSubstance abuseMost major theoriesHuman laboratory studiesField of addictionDrug seekingDrug useTreatment developmentMajor theoriesAbuse altersStress exposureVulnerable individualsHuman researchAbuseAddictsEmpirical evidencePreclinical evidenceClinical observationsRelapseAnimal studiesPreclinical researchSeekingGreater understandingAddictionResearch