2024
Central Nervous System Effects of Early HIV Infection and Consequences of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Acute HIV
Chan P, Spudich S. Central Nervous System Effects of Early HIV Infection and Consequences of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Acute HIV. Viruses 2024, 16: 1082. PMID: 39066244, PMCID: PMC11281648, DOI: 10.3390/v16071082.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsEarly HIV infectionCentral nervous systemHIV infectionEffects of early HIV infectionIncrease awareness of HIV infectionCentral nervous system opportunistic infectionsImmediate initiation of antiretroviral therapyInitiation of antiretroviral therapyAwareness of HIV infectionCentral nervous system complicationsCentral nervous system involvementAntiretroviral therapy initiationCentral nervous system effectsLong-term neuroprotectionHIV-associated dementiaOvert clinical manifestationsYears of infectionMulti-organ diseaseNucleic acid testingAcute HIVHIV neuroinvasionHIV RNAAntiretroviral therapyOpportunistic infectionsTherapy initiation
2019
Treatment of Central Nervous System Manifestations of HIV in the Current Era
Handoko R, Spudich S. Treatment of Central Nervous System Manifestations of HIV in the Current Era. Seminars In Neurology 2019, 39: 391-398. PMID: 31378874, DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688915.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCSF HIVTreatment intensificationCentral nervous system opportunistic infectionsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionCentral nervous system manifestationsCurrent ARV regimenHIV resistance mutationsNeuropsychiatric adverse effectsImmunodeficiency virus infectionNervous system manifestationsNeuropsychiatric side effectsMagnetic resonance imagingCerebrospinal fluid dataSystemic HIVHigh CNS penetrationARV regimenSystem manifestationsOpportunistic infectionsHIV replicationTreatment switchLumbar punctureSleep disturbancesVirus infectionCCR5 inhibitorsNeuropsychiatric impairmentSlowly progressive fatal PML-IRIS following antiretroviral initiation at CD4+ nadir of 350 cells/mm3 despite CD4+ cell count rise to 900 cells/mm3
Sandhu MR, Rutledge R, Grant M, Mahajan A, Spudich S. Slowly progressive fatal PML-IRIS following antiretroviral initiation at CD4+ nadir of 350 cells/mm3 despite CD4+ cell count rise to 900 cells/mm3. International Journal Of STD & AIDS 2019, 30: 810-813. PMID: 31046614, DOI: 10.1177/0956462419835966.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveBrainCD4 Lymphocyte CountDisease ProgressionDystonic DisordersFatal OutcomeHIV InfectionsHumansImmune Reconstitution Inflammatory SyndromeJC VirusLeukoencephalopathy, Progressive MultifocalMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleTreatment OutcomeConceptsImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromePML-IRISAntiretroviral therapyCell countInflammatory syndromeInitiation of ARTHIV/AIDS patientsReconstitution inflammatory syndromeRobust immune reconstitutionCells/mm3Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyRole of CD4Blood-brain barrierCells/Antiretroviral initiationInflammatory picturePersistent positivityImmune reconstitutionMultifocal leukoencephalopathyNeurological symptomsOpportunistic infectionsAIDS patientsVirus antigenImmune responseJC virus
2018
Global Health Neurology: HIV/AIDS
Patel PB, Spudich SS. Global Health Neurology: HIV/AIDS. Seminars In Neurology 2018, 38: 238-246. PMID: 29791950, DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649334.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeurologic complicationsLong-term HIVCombination antiretroviral therapyImpact of HIVResource-limited settingsHIV/AIDSAntiretroviral therapyOpportunistic infectionsCerebrovascular diseaseNeurocognitive disordersHIVMortality rateMajority of studiesComplicationsInternational studiesTherapyInfectionPrevalenceAIDSDiseaseIndividuals
2017
CROI 2017: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. CROI 2017: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2017, 25: 69-76. PMID: 28598791, PMCID: PMC5677044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEarly HIV infectionHIV infectionCentral nervous systemAntiretroviral therapyCNS HIV infectionPotential viral reservoirAntiretroviral regimensSuppressive therapyVirologic controlNeurologic complicationsBrain macrophagesOpportunistic infectionsViral reservoirCognitive screening testsMicroglial cellsChronic infectionRisk factorsNeurocognitive disordersT cellsChoroid plexusNervous systemCognitive impairmentNumerous cohortsScreening testLongitudinal evaluation
2016
HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders and Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV
Le LT, Spudich SS. HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders and Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV. Seminars In Neurology 2016, 36: 373-381. PMID: 27643907, DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1585454.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCombination antiretroviral therapyAsymptomatic neurocognitive impairmentPlasma viral loadViral loadMild neurocognitive disorderCerebral toxoplasmosisCryptococcal meningitisOpportunistic infectionsNeurocognitive disordersCentral nervous system opportunistic infectionsCNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeDetectable plasma viral loadImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeCentral nervous system symptomsClassic opportunistic infectionsCSF viral loadProgressive neurologic symptomsReconstitution inflammatory syndromeT-cell countsProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyNervous system symptomsPresentation of infectionHigher mortality riskHigher CD4Immune recoveryCROI 2016: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. CROI 2016: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2016, 24: 29-37. PMID: 27398860, PMCID: PMC6148921.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemHIV infectionTraditional vascular risk factorsPrognosis of handSuppressive antiretroviral treatmentVascular risk factorsStandard antiretroviral therapyPotential adjunctive therapyLarge epidemiologic studiesMacrophage lineage cellsRecreational drug useHIV escapeHIV measuresAntiretroviral therapyHepatic dysfunctionNeurologic complicationsAdjunctive therapyAntiretroviral treatmentSystemic compartmentOpportunistic infectionsHIV replicationFemale sexPotential complicationsRisk factorsNeurocognitive disorders
2015
CROI 2015: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. CROI 2015: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2015, 23: 47-55. PMID: 25965311, PMCID: PMC6148901.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemModifiable risk factorsPathogenesis of HIVQuality of lifeBiomarkers of HANDResource-limited settingsNeurologic complicationsNeurologic presentationHIV infectionCNS reservoirsOpportunistic infectionsRisk factorsHIV epidemicCNS disordersCognitive dysfunctionNeurocognitive disordersHIVNervous systemInfectionDisordersCollaborative studyComplicationsDysfunctionPathogenesisDiagnosis
2014
CROI 2014: Neurologic complications of HIV infection.
Spudich SS. CROI 2014: Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2014, 22: 594-601. PMID: 24901885, PMCID: PMC6148910.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemCerebrospinal fluidHIV infectionCNS immune activationEarly HIV diagnosisHost genetic determinantsNeurologic complicationsNeurologic morbidityHIV diagnosisOpportunistic infectionsPersistent abnormalitiesHIV replicationImmune activationCNS dysfunctionCSF biomarkersNeurocognitive disordersHIV detectionNervous systemCognitive impairmentHIVSalutary effectsMild formEnd pointInfectionPotential mediators
2013
Neurologic complications of HIV infection: highlights from the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. Neurologic complications of HIV infection: highlights from the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2013, 21: 100-8. PMID: 23981597, PMCID: PMC6148875.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV infectionOpportunistic infectionsNeurologic complicationsPathogenesis of HANDBiomarkers of HANDHIV encephalitisHIV diseaseHIV reservoirNeurologic presentationAntiretroviral adherenceHIV treatmentChronic diseasesHIV epidemicTreatment strategiesNeurocognitive disordersSevere formMild formInfectionCognitive functionComplicationsHIVPatientsDiseaseDisordersComplex conditions
2012
Neurologic complications of HIV infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2012, 20: 41-7. PMID: 22710906, PMCID: PMC6148861.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemHIV infectionNervous systemBrain microglial activationWarrants further studyAntiretroviral therapyNeurologic complicationsMicroglial activationNeurologic impairmentOpportunistic infectionsClinical studiesEarly initiationNeurocognitive disordersHIV-1Neuropsychological testingHIVNormal agingOngoing abnormalitiesInfectionFurther studiesTherapyComplicationsNeuropathogenesisPoster presentationsAbnormalities
2011
Central nervous system complications of HIV infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. Central nervous system complications of HIV infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2011, 19: 48-57. PMID: 21868822, PMCID: PMC6148949.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNervous systemCentral nervous system complicationsNervous system complicationsEarly treatment interventionStudy of pathogenesisCentral nervous systemBiomarkers of HANDDisease activityAdjunctive therapyNeurologic injuryHIV infectionOpportunistic infectionsSystem complicationsNeurologic disordersNeurocognitive disordersEtiology of diseaseMeasurable biomarkersEarly infectionTreatment interventionsInfectionHIVBiomarkersDisordersTreatmentNovel molecules
2009
Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection
Gisslén M, Krut J, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Cinque P, Brew BJ, Spudich S, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Price RW, Zetterberg H. Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection. BMC Neurology 2009, 9: 63. PMID: 20028512, PMCID: PMC2807422, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-9-63.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAIDS Dementia ComplexAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAlzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesAmyloid beta-Protein PrecursorAnalysis of VarianceBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansMaleMiddle AgedPeptide FragmentsPrincipal Component AnalysisTau ProteinsConceptsAIDS dementia complexCerebrospinal fluid biomarkersOpportunistic infectionsADC patientsAlzheimer's diseaseHIV infectionP-tauDisease patientsFluid biomarkersCentral nervous system opportunistic infectionsSoluble amyloid precursor protein alphaLower CSF Aβ1-42CSF t-tau levelsCNS immune activationCNS opportunistic infectionsCSF p-tauCSF t-tauT-tau levelsCross-sectional studyCSF Aβ1-42Alzheimer's disease patientsUninfected subjectsInfection patientsNeural injuryNeurological symptoms
2008
Antiretroviral Therapy and Central Nervous System HIV Type 1 Infection
Price RW, Spudich S. Antiretroviral Therapy and Central Nervous System HIV Type 1 Infection. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2008, 197: s294-s306. PMID: 18447615, PMCID: PMC2628635, DOI: 10.1086/533419.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCNS HIV-1 infectionAntiretroviral therapyHIV-1 infectionType 1 infectionCerebrospinal fluidHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionSystemic infectionHIV Type 1 InfectionImmunodeficiency syndrome dementia complexVirus type 1 infectionUntreated systemic infectionCombination antiretroviral therapyCNS opportunistic infectionsMinority of patientsEarly treatment interventionLocal inflammatory reactionPrimary viremiaNeurological progressionOpportunistic infectionsDementia complexAsymptomatic infectionSilent infectionBrain injuryInflammatory reactionHIV-1HIV/AIDS of the Central Nervous System
Spudich S. HIV/AIDS of the Central Nervous System. 2008, 430-445. DOI: 10.1016/b978-012373960-5.00019-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeurological disordersMajority of HIVPublic health burdenDisease-specific therapiesCentral nervous systemHIV/AIDSAntiretroviral treatmentOpportunistic infectionsPeripheral nervesVascular disordersSpinal cordHealth burdenHIV-1Nervous systemImportant causeNeurological diseasesNutritional diseasesDisordersHIVInfectionAIDSDiseaseDisease epidemicsMorbidityNerve