2010
Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis
Salerno F, Guevara M, Bernardi M, Moreau R, Wong F, Angeli P, Garcia‐Tsao G, Lee SS. Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis. Liver International 2010, 30: 937-947. PMID: 20492521, DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02272.x.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsCirrhotic patientsHepatorenal syndrome type 2Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntEpisode of ascitesChronic renal insufficiencyLow sodium dietStandard medical treatmentIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntOccurrence of refractorinessCentral hypovolaemiaVasoconstrictor systemsArterial hypotensionDiuretic dosesLiver transplantationPortal hypertensionRefractory ascitesRenal insufficiencySodium dietSystemic haemodynamicsFrequent complicationSevere complicationsSerious complicationsSuch patientsPortosystemic shuntRenal sodium
2005
Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club
Wong F, Bernardi M, Balk R, Christman B, Moreau R, Garcia-Tsao G, Patch D, Soriano G, Hoefs J, Navasa M. Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut 2005, 54: 718. PMID: 15831923, PMCID: PMC1774473, DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.038679.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsGastrointestinal bleedSepsis syndromeBacterial infectionsInternational Ascites ClubElevated D-dimerSystemic inflammatory responseSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisFurther tissue injuryPresence of infectionNitric oxide synthaseTumor necrosis factorUse of antibioticsUse of albuminSubclinical coagulopathyProphylactic antibioticsRenal impairmentCirrhotic patientsLiver dysfunctionRenal failureBacterial peritonitisBacterial translocationD-dimerReticuloendothelial functionProduction of superoxideInflammatory response