2015
Heart rate and respiratory response to doxapram in patients with panic disorder
Martinez JM, Garakani A, Aaronson CJ, Gorman JM. Heart rate and respiratory response to doxapram in patients with panic disorder. Psychiatry Research 2015, 227: 32-38. PMID: 25819170, PMCID: PMC4420657, DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD patientsLF/HFPanic disorderHealthy controlsAnticipatory anxietyPD subjectsParasympathetic componentRespiratory responsesLF/HF ratioSensation of dyspneaHeart rate variability indicesHigher sympathetic activityInjection of salinePanic statesSympathetic activityRespiratory abnormalitiesBrain stemRespiratory stimulantHeart rateParasympathetic responsePanic attacksPatientsExaggerated fear responsePanic symptomsHF ratio
2007
The effect of doxapram on brain imaging in patients with panic disorder
Garakani A, Buchsbaum MS, Newmark RE, Goodman C, Aaronson CJ, Martinez JM, Torosjan Y, Chu KW, Gorman JM. The effect of doxapram on brain imaging in patients with panic disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2007, 17: 672-686. PMID: 17560768, PMCID: PMC2695988, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.04.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPanic disorder patientsDisorder patientsPlacebo saline solutionEffects of doxapramNormal control subjectsHeart rate increasePositron emission tomographyGreater heart rate increasePlacebo dayControl subjectsRespiratory stimulantCingulate gyrusDoxapramNormal volunteersPatientsPanic patientsPanic attacksPanic disorderDoxapram hydrochlorideSeparate daysEmission tomographyInhibitory centersFunctional imagingAmygdala activityCounterbalanced order