Xiao Xu, PhD, MA
Associate Professor Adjunct of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesDownloadHi-Res Photo
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Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
310 Cedar Street, LSOG 205B, PO Box 208063
New Haven, CT 06510
United States
About
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Associate Professor Adjunct of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
Biography
Dr. Xiao Xu is an Associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at Yale School of Medicine, and a faculty member of Yale Cancer Center and Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center (COPPER). As a health economist and health services researcher, her work seeks to promote the delivery of high-quality and high-value care. Her research focuses on examining and identifying factors that influence the quality, outcomes, and value of care, with a focus on women's health care. Her recent studies examined hospital and geographic variation in care utilization, costs, and patient outcomes; comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of alternative treatment strategies; and gender and racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Dr. Xu is also actively involved in the teaching of medical students, clinical residents/fellows, and postgraduate/postdoctoral fellows. She mentors trainees on research design and methodology, and lectures on methods of data collection, data analysis, and cost effectiveness evaluation.
Dr. Xu has served as a principal investigator or co-investigator on multiple research grants funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and various research foundations. She received honorable mention for the Aetna Susan B. Anthony Award for excellence in research on older women and public health from the American Public Health Association (Gerontological Health Section) in 2005, the Frank J. McDevitt Excellence in Research Award in Policy Research from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation in 2008 and 2011, and the Carol Weisman & Gary Chase Gender-Based Research Award from the AcademyHealth in 2017. Dr. Xu is a member of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, AcademyHealth, the International Health Economics Association, and the Gerontological Society of America.
Last Updated on April 07, 2025.
Departments & Organizations
Education & Training
- PhD
- Wayne State University, Economics (2004)
- MA
- Wayne State University, Economics (2002)
Research
Overview
Medical Research Interests
Comparative Effectiveness Research; Costs and Cost Analysis; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation; Health Services Research
Public Health Interests
Health Economics; Women's Health
ORCID
0000-0001-6519-1731
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Frequent collaborators of Xiao Xu's published research.
Publications Timeline
A big-picture view of Xiao Xu's research output by year.
Research Interests
Research topics Xiao Xu is interested in exploring.
Vrunda Desai, MD, FACOG
Cary P Gross, MD
Jessica Illuzzi, MD, MS, FACOG
Katherine Harper Campbell, MD, MPH
Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM
Jeph Herrin, PhD
95Publications
1,052Citations
Costs and Cost Analysis
Publications
2025
Population-Level Reduction in Ovarian Cancer Through Performance of Opportunistic Salpingectomy at the Time of Cholecystectomy.
Wright J, Chen L, Tymm C, Xu X, Ferris J, Hershman D, Hagemann A, Skeete D, Curran T, Westfal M, Flum D, Fischkoff K. Population-Level Reduction in Ovarian Cancer Through Performance of Opportunistic Salpingectomy at the Time of Cholecystectomy. Annals Of Surgery 2025 PMID: 40951975, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006940.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of ovarian cancerYears of follow-upCases of ovarian cancerOpportunistic salpingectomyYears of ageOvarian cancerTiming of cholecystectomyBurden of ovarian cancerIncident ovarian cancerFollow-upPrimary prevention strategiesPopulation-level reductionsRisk of deathImplementation of OSPrevention strategiesPopulation-level statisticsYear Follow-UpLifetime casesFallopian tubeProphylactic removalWomenSalpingectomyCholecystectomyCancerCCKUterine Cancer Diagnosis at Age 65: Onset of Medicare Eligibility and Impact of Medicaid Expansion
Rouse K, Chen L, Layne T, Xu X, Bickell N, Samimi G, Wright J, Myers E. Uterine Cancer Diagnosis at Age 65: Onset of Medicare Eligibility and Impact of Medicaid Expansion. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology 2025 PMID: 40947084, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2025.09.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPhysician variation in adopting opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of postpartum and interval sterilization for ovarian cancer risk reduction
Yoh K, Desai V, Gross C, Spatz E, Pollack C, Wright J, Xu X. Physician variation in adopting opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of postpartum and interval sterilization for ovarian cancer risk reduction. Gynecologic Oncology 2025, 202: 1-13. PMID: 40934858, DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.08.033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsOpportunistic salpingectomyInterval sterilizationRisk-adjusted ratesPhysician adoptionOvarian cancer risk reductionAssociated with lower oddsRates of OSCancer risk reductionPremier Healthcare DatabaseGroup of physiciansGroup-based trajectory modelingProportion of black patientsPostpartum sterilizationTubal sterilizationPhysician variationPatient ageLower oddsRural/urban locationSurgical volumeHealthcare databasesBlack patientsInequitable accessPattern of uptakePatientsPhysiciansPhysician Peer Influence on Salpingectomy Uptake for Tubal Sterilization and Ovarian Cancer Prevention
Xu X, Long J, Pollack C, Desai V, Gross C, Spatz E, Wright J. Physician Peer Influence on Salpingectomy Uptake for Tubal Sterilization and Ovarian Cancer Prevention. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2532998. PMID: 40982280, PMCID: PMC12455378, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.32998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsRetrospective cohort studyOpportunistic salpingectomyPeer physiciansInterval sterilizationPostpartum sterilizationTubal sterilizationFallopian tubeClaims dataPhysician patient-sharing networksOvarian cancer riskPatient-sharing networksOvarian cancer preventionInsurance claims dataCesarean deliveryCancer riskProphylactic removalMain OutcomesSalpingectomyCancer preventionCohort studyPeer influenceOperating surgeonPostpartumPhysiciansPatientsDiagnostic Evaluation for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding at Emergency Departments in the United States
Huang W, Ma X, Clark M, Xu X. Diagnostic Evaluation for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding at Emergency Departments in the United States. Women's Health Issues 2025 PMID: 40897603, DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2025.07.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsNon-Hispanic white patientsNon-Hispanic black patientsFollow-up consultationsEmergency departmentAbnormal uterine bleedingWhite patientsNational sample of emergency departmentsNational Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey dataSample of emergency departmentNational sampleBlack patientsAssociation of raceNon-metropolitan areasMultivariate logistic regressionDiagnostic evaluationUterine bleedingReferral/follow-upED visitsPatient/provider characteristicsConsultant physiciansHispanic patientsOutcome measuresWomen ageCancer diagnosisMultivariate regression analysisUse and Outcomes of Hormonal Therapy for Advanced Stage, Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Yoh K, Chen L, Xu X, Ferris J, Dioun S, de Meritens A, St. Clair C, Pua T, Randall T, Hou J, Hershman D, Wright J. Use and Outcomes of Hormonal Therapy for Advanced Stage, Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. International Journal Of Gynecological Cancer 2025, 102676. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102676.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLow grade serous ovarian cancerSerous ovarian cancerHormone therapyCombination therapyOvarian cancerSurvival outcomesLow grade serous ovarian carcinomaLow-grade serous ovarian cancerGrade serous ovarian carcinomaStage III-IV diseaseAdvanced stageNational Cancer Data BaseSurvival outcomes of patientsScore-weighted Cox proportional hazards modelEffects of cytotoxic chemotherapyFactors associated with treatmentIII-IV diseasePropensity score-weighted Cox proportional hazards modelsSerous ovarian carcinomaFive-year survivalOutcomes of patientsCox proportional hazards modelsProportional hazards modelHormone monotherapyCytotoxic chemotherapyThe AAGL Practice Guidelines Team on Minimization of Blood Loss during Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Gingold J, Hackett L, Kho K, Kho R, Sanders A, Solnik M, Xu X. The AAGL Practice Guidelines Team on Minimization of Blood Loss during Laparoscopic Myomectomy. Journal Of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 2025 PMID: 40886768, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2025.08.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSurvival After Fertility-Preserving Hormonal Therapy vs Hysterectomy for Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer
Suzuki Y, Huang Y, Xu X, Ferris J, Elkin E, Kong C, Myers E, Saji H, Miyagi E, Havrilesky L, Blank S, Hershman D, Wright J. Survival After Fertility-Preserving Hormonal Therapy vs Hysterectomy for Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer. JAMA Oncology 2025, 11 PMID: 40875243, PMCID: PMC12395355, DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.2761.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsEarly-stage endometrial cancerHormone therapyEndometrial cancerLong-term survivalPrimary hysterectomyPropensity score matchingPrimary treatmentClinical stage I endometrial cancerStage I endometrial cancerPrimary hormonal therapyClinical stage ITreated with hysterectomyGrades 1 to 2National Cancer DatabaseReproductive age patientsScore matchingDiagnosis to operationEndometrioid endometrial cancerCancer diagnosis to deathDiagnosis to deathRisk of deathYears of ageOverall survivalPremenopausal womenCancer DatabaseProjected Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Uterine Cancer in the United States.
Wright J, Prest M, Ferris J, Chen L, Xu X, Rouse K, Melamed A, Hur C, Heckman-Stoddard B, Samimi G, Bickell N, Layne T, Myers E, Havrilesky L, Blank S, Stout N, Hazelton W, Kong C, Elkin E. Projected Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Uterine Cancer in the United States. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2025, 34: 1156-1166. PMID: 40589281, PMCID: PMC12221196, DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-24-1422.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsMortality of uterine cancerPopulation-based incidenceIncidence-based mortalityMortality dataState-transition microsimulation modelBlack womenWhite womenUterine cancerIncidence of uterine cancerCancer control effortsNonendometrioid tumorsNatural history modelYears of ageWhite patientsEndometrioid tumorsPrecursor lesionsWomenTumorCancerMortalityUnited StatesIncidenceProject trendsControl effortsDisproportionate increaseTrends in uterine cancer incidence and mortality: insights from a natural history model
Hazelton W, Prest M, Chen L, Rouse K, Elkin E, Ferris J, Xu X, Bickell N, Kong C, Blank S, Feuer E, Samimi G, Heckman-Stoddard B, Layne T, Wright J, Myers E, Havrilesky L. Trends in uterine cancer incidence and mortality: insights from a natural history model. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2025, 117: 1891-1903. PMID: 40509873, PMCID: PMC12415960, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaf135.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsNon-Hispanic white individualsNon-Hispanic Black individualsUterine cancer incidenceNon-Hispanic black patientsBody mass indexNatural history modelCancer incidenceWhite individualsBlack individualsExamination SurveyReproductive historyNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyHealth and Nutrition Examination SurveyNational Health Examination SurveyContribution of body mass indexNon-Hispanic white patientsBirth certificate dataHealth Examination SurveyNutrition Examination SurveyBlack patientsNon-Hispanic whitesUterine cancer riskSurveillance, EpidemiologyCertificate dataObesity rates
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Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
310 Cedar Street, LSOG 205B, PO Box 208063
New Haven, CT 06510
United States