1996
Differences in the Incidence of Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users
Levine O, Vlahov D, Brookmeyer R, Cohn S, Nelson K. Differences in the Incidence of Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 173: 579-583. PMID: 8627020, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.3.579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHBV seroconversionOutcome measuresDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversionIncident hepatitis B virusHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV seroconversion ratesHIV-seronegative IDUsSubsequent HIV seroconversionImmunodeficiency virus infectionInjecting Drug UsersSurrogate outcome measureImportant outcome measureNeedle exchange programsMale IDUsHIV seroconversionIncident HIVSeroconversion ratesHepatitis BHIV infectionFemale IDUsB virusVirus infectionSeroconversion
1993
Differences in Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconversion among Male and Female Intravenous Drug Users
Solomon L, Astemborski J, Warren D, Muñoz A, Cohn S, Vlahov D, Nelson K. Differences in Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconversion among Male and Female Intravenous Drug Users. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1993, 137: 892-898. PMID: 8484380, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116750.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversionDrug usersSeronegative controlsRisk factorsFemale intravenous drug usersMale intravenous drug usersSex-specific risk factorsCurrent intravenous drug useHIV-seronegative controlsIntravenous drug useRisk of seroconversionRisk factor dataCase-control studyAge 18 yearsConditional logistic regression techniquesTime of interviewMore sex partnersSeroconversion statusSeroconversion visitHIV seroconversionHIV infectionStudy entrySexual transmissionSeroconversion