2024
The impact of COVID-19 national lockdowns on drug-resistant tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A spatial analysis
Harrington K, Gandhi N, Shah N, Naidoo K, Auld S, Andrews J, Brust J, Lutchminarain K, Coe M, Willis F, Campbell A, Cohen T, Jenness S, Waller L, Investigators O. The impact of COVID-19 national lockdowns on drug-resistant tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A spatial analysis. Annals Of Epidemiology 2024, 97: 44-51. PMID: 39038747, PMCID: PMC11408097, DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.07.044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchKwaZulu-Natal ProvinceTB diagnosisDrug resistanceBayesian conditional autoregressive modelProspective cohort studyKwaZulu-NatalCOVID-19 national lockdownDrug-resistant tuberculosisRate of diagnosisCOVID-19 mitigation strategiesStatistics South AfricaSpatial analysisSpatial distributionMunicipal characteristicsCohort studyDR-TBNotification ratesTB notificationsSouth AfricaSurface mappingRate of casesRelative-riskCOVID-19Conditional autoregressive modelSpatial correlation
2022
Budget impact of next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of TB drug resistance in Moldova
Cates L, Codreanu A, Ciobanu N, Fosburgh H, Allender C, Centner H, Engelthaler D, Crudu V, Cohen T, Menzies N. Budget impact of next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of TB drug resistance in Moldova. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2022, 26: 963-969. PMID: 36163669, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0104.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhenotypic drug susceptibility testingConventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testingTB drug resistanceDrug resistanceNext-generation sequencingTB treatment regimensNational TB ProgrammeDrug resistance testingMTB/RIFDrug susceptibility testingBudget impact analysisMajority of costsFeasibility of NGSTB programsTreatment regimensBudget impactSusceptibility testingRoutine useResistance testingStudy periodTesting volume
2020
Ongoing challenges to understanding multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in children versus adults
McQuaid CF, Cohen T, Dean AS, Houben RMGJ, Knight GM, Zignol M, White RG. Ongoing challenges to understanding multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in children versus adults. European Respiratory Journal 2020, 57: 2002504. PMID: 32855219, DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02504-2020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMDR/RR-TBRR-TBOdds ratioPediatric TB casesGlobal TB epidemicRifampicin-resistant tuberculosisPopulation-representative surveyTB casesBurden countriesTB epidemicMost settingsTuberculosisDrug resistanceTransmission riskCountry-specific estimatesAdultsChildrenAgeFurther investigationMultidrugOddsFormer Soviet Union countriesSufficient dataSettingSoviet Union countries
2017
Antimicrobial Resistance Risks of Cholera Prophylaxis for United Nations Peacekeepers
Kunkel A, Lewnard JA, Pitzer VE, Cohen T. Antimicrobial Resistance Risks of Cholera Prophylaxis for United Nations Peacekeepers. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy 2017, 61: 10.1128/aac.00026-17. PMID: 28533237, PMCID: PMC5527623, DOI: 10.1128/aac.00026-17.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant infectionsAntimicrobial chemoprophylaxisDrug-sensitive infectionsDrug resistance generationCholera importationChemoprophylaxisDrug resistanceImportation eventsInfectionAntibiotic resistanceAntimicrobial resistance risksRiskRelative benefitsResistance generationCholeraPotential resistance risksPotential benefitsResistance riskProphylaxisPrevalenceA Multistrain Mathematical Model To Investigate the Role of Pyrazinamide in the Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Fofana MO, Shrestha S, Knight GM, Cohen T, White RG, Cobelens F, Dowdy DW. A Multistrain Mathematical Model To Investigate the Role of Pyrazinamide in the Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy 2017, 61: 10.1128/aac.00498-16. PMID: 27956422, PMCID: PMC5328532, DOI: 10.1128/aac.00498-16.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntitubercular AgentsBayes TheoremBiological AvailabilityComputer SimulationDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFluoroquinolonesHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsModels, StatisticalMycobacterium tuberculosisPyrazinamideRifampinTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsCompanion drugsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisSecond-line treatmentFirst-line treatmentSecond-line regimensDrug-resistant tuberculosisUse of pyrazinamideExtensive drug resistanceDrug resistance dataEmergence of strainsEmergence of mutationsXDR-TBSequential regimensHIV infectionAlternative drugsResistance amplificationPyrazinamide resistanceProlonged treatmentCombination antimicrobialsDrug resistanceInfectious diseasesPrevalenceProportion of simulationsAppropriate useRegimens
2016
Second line drug susceptibility testing to inform the treatment of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis: a quantitative perspective
Kendall EA, Cohen T, Mitnick CD, Dowdy DW. Second line drug susceptibility testing to inform the treatment of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis: a quantitative perspective. International Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2016, 56: 185-189. PMID: 28007660, PMCID: PMC5576040, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.12.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSecond-line drug susceptibility testingRifampin-resistant tuberculosisDrug susceptibility testingSecond-line drug resistanceDrug resistanceSusceptibility testingHigh-burden settingsSecond-line drugsDrug-resistant tuberculosisEffective regimensTreatment failureTreatment outcomesSmall incremental costEpidemiologic benefitsResistance amplificationPatientsTuberculosisIncremental costMost settingsWidespread implementationSettingRegimensPrevalenceBenefits of continuous isoniazid preventive therapy may outweigh resistance risks in a declining tuberculosis/HIV coepidemic
Kunkel A, Crawford FW, Shepherd J, Cohen T. Benefits of continuous isoniazid preventive therapy may outweigh resistance risks in a declining tuberculosis/HIV coepidemic. AIDS 2016, 30: 2715-2723. PMID: 27782966, PMCID: PMC5089846, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001235.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsContinuous isoniazid preventive therapyIsoniazid preventive therapyIsoniazid-resistant tuberculosisTB epidemicPreventive therapyEffective TB treatmentLatent TB infectionTB drug resistanceTransmission dynamic modelTB infectionMortality benefitTB treatmentHIV controlHIV incidenceTB incidenceTB transmissionCase findingDrug resistanceIncidenceTuberculosisInitial benefitPLHIVHIVTherapyEpidemicUse of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling to Ascertain Levels of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Western Kenya
Jezmir J, Cohen T, Zignol M, Nyakan E, Hedt-Gauthier BL, Gardner A, Kamle L, Injera W, Carter EJ. Use of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling to Ascertain Levels of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Western Kenya. PLOS ONE 2016, 11: e0154142. PMID: 27167381, PMCID: PMC4864281, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154142.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMDR-TBDrug resistanceResistant tuberculosisLot Quality Assurance Sampling methodologyMulti-drug resistant tuberculosisPositive TB patientsDrug resistance surveillanceDrug-resistant tuberculosisTB drug resistanceRural settingsPoly-resistant strainsTB patientsWestern KenyaLot Quality AssuranceLow prevalencePatientsResistance surveillancePrevalenceTuberculosisLQASSettingLow levelsDifferent geographic settingsUrban settingsLevels
2015
How could preventive therapy affect the prevalence of drug resistance? Causes and consequences
Kunkel A, Colijn C, Lipsitch M, Cohen T. How could preventive therapy affect the prevalence of drug resistance? Causes and consequences. Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences 2015, 370: 20140306. PMID: 25918446, PMCID: PMC4424438, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0306.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPreventative therapyDrug resistanceDrug-sensitive pathogensProphylactic antimicrobial therapyLong-term prevalenceSmall pilot studyActive diseaseOverall prevalenceAntimicrobial therapyPrevalencePilot studyTherapyPopulation-level changesPotential population-level effectsDirect effectLevel of coveragePopulation-level effectsHIVTuberculosisMalariaDiseaseCareThe potential impact of coinfection on antimicrobial chemotherapy and drug resistance
Birger RB, Kouyos RD, Cohen T, Griffiths EC, Huijben S, Mina MJ, Volkova V, Grenfell B, Metcalf CJE. The potential impact of coinfection on antimicrobial chemotherapy and drug resistance. Trends In Microbiology 2015, 23: 537-544. PMID: 26028590, PMCID: PMC4835347, DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.05.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHow competition governs whether moderate or aggressive treatment minimizes antibiotic resistance
Colijn C, Cohen T. How competition governs whether moderate or aggressive treatment minimizes antibiotic resistance. ELife 2015, 4: e10559. PMID: 26393685, PMCID: PMC4641510, DOI: 10.7554/elife.10559.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2014
The path of least resistance: aggressive or moderate treatment?
Kouyos RD, Metcalf CJ, Birger R, Klein EY, Wiesch P, Ankomah P, Arinaminpathy N, Bogich TL, Bonhoeffer S, Brower C, Chi-Johnston G, Cohen T, Day T, Greenhouse B, Huijben S, Metlay J, Mideo N, Pollitt LC, Read AF, Smith DL, Standley C, Wale N, Grenfell B. The path of least resistance: aggressive or moderate treatment? Proceedings Of The Royal Society B 2014, 281: 20140566. PMID: 25253451, PMCID: PMC4211439, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0566.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrivers and Trajectories of Resistance to New First-Line Drug Regimens for Tuberculosis
Shrestha S, Knight GM, Fofana M, Cohen T, White RG, Cobelens F, Dowdy DW. Drivers and Trajectories of Resistance to New First-Line Drug Regimens for Tuberculosis. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2014, 1: ofu073. PMID: 25734143, PMCID: PMC4281792, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu073.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrug-resistant TBTreatment of tuberculosisNew drug regimenTransmission fitnessDrug regimensDrug regimenTreatment successDrug-susceptible TBAppropriate second-line therapyDR-TB prevalenceSecond-line therapyDrug resistance trendsTreatment success rateHigher treatment successNovel drug regimensEmergence of resistancePopulation-level dataTB regimensShort-term surveillanceDS-TBNew regimenClinical trialsEarly diagnosisRegimensDrug resistanceHigh Rates of Potentially Infectious Tuberculosis and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among Hospital Inpatients in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa Indicate Risk of Nosocomial Transmission
Bantubani N, Kabera G, Connolly C, Rustomjee R, Reddy T, Cohen T, Pym AS. High Rates of Potentially Infectious Tuberculosis and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among Hospital Inpatients in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa Indicate Risk of Nosocomial Transmission. PLOS ONE 2014, 9: e90868. PMID: 24625669, PMCID: PMC3953209, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090868.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisCurrent coughXDR-TBNosocomial transmissionInfectious tuberculosisInfectious TBHospital inpatientsClinical dataAnti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility testingMDR/XDR-TBPrevious TB treatmentDrug susceptibility testingTB treatmentHospital admissionMale sexTB inpatientsScotland hospitalsInpatient settingHigh burdenSputum samplesInfection controlInpatientsKwaZulu-NatalCoughDrug resistanceHigh risk and rapid appearance of multidrug resistance during tuberculosis treatment in Moldova.
Jenkins HE, Crudu V, Soltan V, Ciobanu A, Domente L, Cohen T. High risk and rapid appearance of multidrug resistance during tuberculosis treatment in Moldova. European Respiratory Journal 2014, 43: 1132-41. PMID: 24558181, PMCID: PMC4005038, DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00203613.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisMDR-TB diagnosisMDR-TB casesTB treatmentFirst-line TB drugsAmbulatory TB treatmentMDR-TB riskDrug susceptibility testingNosocomial transmissionInitial diagnosisPercentage of individualsTB drugsTuberculosis treatmentEarly treatmentHigh riskSputum specimensSurveillance databasePrevious incarcerationDrug resistanceMultidrug resistanceDiagnosisTreatmentBaseline resistanceRapid appearanceRisk
2013
Treatment outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: retrospective-prospective cohort study from 2004 to 2007.
Anderson LF, Tamne S, Watson JP, Cohen T, Mitnick C, Brown T, Drobniewski F, Abubakar I. Treatment outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: retrospective-prospective cohort study from 2004 to 2007. Eurosurveillance 2013, 18 PMID: 24128699, DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.40.20601.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAntibiotics, AntitubercularAntitubercular AgentsChildChild, PreschoolDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFemaleFluoroquinolonesHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisPatient ComplianceProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantUnited KingdomYoung AdultConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisTreatment outcomesRetrospective-prospective cohort studyWorld Health Organization targetMulti-drug resistant tuberculosisMDR-TB patientsMDR-TB treatmentMDR-TB casesFurther drug resistanceTreatment completion ratesSuccessful treatment outcomeUnited Kingdom guidelinesIndividualised regimensCohort studyMonths treatmentResistant tuberculosisTreatment completionInfectious casesDrug resistanceDrug sensitivitySuccessful outcomeOrganization targetBacteriostatic drugsOutcomesTreatmentBayesian Estimation of Mixture Models with Prespecified Elements to Compare Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naïve and Experienced Tuberculosis Cases
Izu A, Cohen T, DeGruttola V. Bayesian Estimation of Mixture Models with Prespecified Elements to Compare Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naïve and Experienced Tuberculosis Cases. PLOS Computational Biology 2013, 9: e1002973. PMID: 23555210, PMCID: PMC3605089, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002973.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-experienced patientsDrug-resistant strainsMultiple drug-resistant strainsTreatment-naïve patientsDrug-resistant tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis isolatesWorld Health OrganizationDrug resistance pathwaysTreatment-naïveTuberculosis casesTuberculosis isolatesWorldwide surveillanceDrug resistancePatientsHealth OrganizationResistant strainsResistant pathogensResistance pathwaysLow transmissibilityPathwayTuberculosisRisk factors and timing of default from treatment for non-multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Moldova
Jenkins HE, Ciobanu A, Plesca V, Crudu V, Galusca I, Soltan V, Cohen T. Risk factors and timing of default from treatment for non-multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Moldova. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2013, 17: 373-380. PMID: 23407226, PMCID: PMC3710709, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0464.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntitubercular AgentsContinuity of Patient CareFemaleHumansInstitutionalizationLeast-Squares AnalysisLinear ModelsMaleMedication AdherenceMoldovaMultivariate AnalysisPatient DischargePrisonersProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeTuberculosisConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisMDR-TB patientsRisk factorsHighest MDR-TB ratesDrug resistanceGreater lung pathologyMDR-TB ratesAnti-tuberculosis treatmentIndependent risk factorHuman immunodeficiency virusTB drug resistanceContinuity of careRoutine surveillance dataTuberculosis patientsResistant tuberculosisImmunodeficiency virusLung pathologyTreatment adherenceRetrospective analysisHigh riskPatientsSociodemographic factorsCommunity careSurveillance dataStudy period
2012
Linking Surveillance with Action against Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Cohen T, Manjourides J, Hedt-Gauthier B. Linking Surveillance with Action against Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2012, 186: 399-401. PMID: 22592806, PMCID: PMC3443807, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201203-0394pp.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisForms of TBDrug-resistant TBManagement of patientsDrug-resistant tuberculosisSecond-line drugsEffective public health responseDrug susceptibility testingPublic health responseQuality-assured treatmentMDRTB treatmentIncident casesHigh burdenProgrammatic dataHealth responseDrug resistanceSusceptibility testingImproved surveillance methodsPopulation subgroupsSurveillance methodsSurveillance activitiesTuberculosisClear roleTreatmentRecent global estimatesOutcomes among tuberculosis patients with isoniazid resistance in Georgia, 2007-2009.
Gegia M, Cohen T, Kalandadze I, Vashakidze L, Furin J. Outcomes among tuberculosis patients with isoniazid resistance in Georgia, 2007-2009. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2012, 16: 812-6. PMID: 22507372, PMCID: PMC3786434, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0637.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntitubercular AgentsChi-Square DistributionDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Therapy, CombinationEthambutolFemaleGeorgia (Republic)HumansIsoniazidLogistic ModelsMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisMycobacterium tuberculosisPredictive Value of TestsPyrazinamideRetrospective StudiesRifampinRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSputumTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeTuberculosisConceptsPulmonary tuberculosisPrevious treatmentOutcomes of patientsPulmonary TB patientsSubset of patientsRetrospective record reviewForms of tuberculosisFirst-line drugsHigh TB ratesDrug-resistant formsLower ratesLow tuberculosisTB patientsTuberculosis patientsOptimal management strategyTreatment regimenRecord reviewTB ratesTreatment successTreatment outcomesCountry of GeorgiaPatientsIsoniazid resistanceTuberculosisDrug resistance