Differential rates of intravascular uptake and pain perception during lumbosacral epidural injection among adults using a 22-gauge needle versus 25-gauge needle: a randomized clinical trial
Raju R, Mehnert M, Stolzenberg D, Simon J, Conliffe T, Gehret J. Differential rates of intravascular uptake and pain perception during lumbosacral epidural injection among adults using a 22-gauge needle versus 25-gauge needle: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Anesthesiology 2020, 20: 222. PMID: 32883241, PMCID: PMC7469311, DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01137-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransforaminal epidural steroid injectionEpidural steroid injectionsLumbosacral transforaminal epidural steroid injectionsIntravascular uptakeSmall-gauge needlesSteroid injectionPain perceptionGauge needleEpidural injectionLess painClinical trialsOutcome measuresAverage numerical rating scale scoresLumbosacral transforaminal epidural injectionsNumerical rating scale scoresPatient reported painStudy 84 patientsSerious neurological complicationsSecondary outcome measuresTransforaminal epidural injectionsPrimary outcome measureRandomized clinical trialsLumbosacral epidural injectionNumerical rating scaleRating Scale scores