Scoring PD-L1 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma: An International Multi-Institutional Study on Comparison of Manual and Artificial Intelligence Measurement Model (AIM-PD-L1) Pathology Assessments
Rüschoff J, Kumar G, Badve S, Jasani B, Krause E, Rioux-Leclercq N, Rojo F, Martini M, Cheng L, Tretiakova M, Mitchell C, Anders R, Robert M, Fahy D, Pyle M, Le Q, Yu L, Glass B, Baxi V, Babadjanova Z, Pratt J, Brutus S, Karasarides M, Hartmann A. Scoring PD-L1 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma: An International Multi-Institutional Study on Comparison of Manual and Artificial Intelligence Measurement Model (AIM-PD-L1) Pathology Assessments. Virchows Archiv 2024, 484: 597-608. PMID: 38570364, DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03795-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 expressionImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPD-L1Tumor cellsAssess programmed death ligand 1Assessment of PD-L1 expressionScoring of PD-L1 expressionInternational multi-institutional studyPD-L1 expression analysisFood and Drug Administration-approvedPD-L1 stainingDeath-ligand 1Drug Administration-approvedMulti-institutional studyCheckpoint inhibitorsUrothelial carcinomaPathological assessmentBiomarker expressionInterobserver variabilityLigand 1Cancer treatmentExpert pathologistsClinical settingMultinational studyPositive rate