The Sedative and Analgesic Sparing Effect of Music
Koch M, Kain Z, Ayoub C, Rosenbaum S. The Sedative and Analgesic Sparing Effect of Music. Anesthesiology 1998, 89: 300-306. PMID: 9710387, DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199808000-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDuration of surgeryAnalgesic requirementsIntraoperative musicPatient-controlled intravenous opioid analgesiaAnalgesic sparing effectIntravenous opioid analgesiaIntravenous propofol sedationPostanesthesia care unitEffects of musicMusic groupDuration of stayPhase 2Phase 1Operating room noiseAlfentanil requirementsOpioid analgesiaAdverse eventsLess propofolSpinal anesthesiaAwake patientsCare unitAdverse outcomesPropofol sedationSparing effectUreteral calculi