2024
Barriers to Optimal Clinician Guideline Adherence in Management of Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure
Lu Y, Arowojolu O, Qiu X, Liu Y, Curry L, Krumholz H. Barriers to Optimal Clinician Guideline Adherence in Management of Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2426135. PMID: 39106065, PMCID: PMC11304113, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.26135.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBarriers to guideline adherenceElectronic health recordsGuideline adherenceClinician adherenceEHR dataElevated blood pressureHypertension managementAnalysis of EHR dataYale New Haven Health SystemSevere hypertensionClinical practice guidelinesAdherence scenariosQualitative content analysisPublic health challengeThematic saturationHealth recordsHealth systemBlood pressureThematic analysisTargeted interventionsManagement of severe hypertensionQualitative studyHealth challengesPractice guidelinesPatient outcomesHypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12 Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records
Brush J, Lu Y, Liu Y, Asher J, Li S, Sawano M, Young P, Schulz W, Anderson M, Burrows J, Krumholz H. Hypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12 Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2024, 13: e033253. PMID: 38686864, PMCID: PMC11179912, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033253.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic health recordsRegional health systemImprove hypertension careHealth systemHealth recordsHypertension careDiastolic blood pressureAge-adjusted prevalence ratesNon-Hispanic Black patientsPrevalence ratesLarger health systemCross-sectional analysisTransformation of medical dataLeveraging real-world dataHigh prevalence rateHypertension trendsHypertension prevalenceBlood pressureBlood pressure measurementsHypertension diagnosisPrimary outcomeNational trendsProportion of patientsAntihypertensive medicationsBlack patientsDigital Health Interventions for Hypertension Management in US Populations Experiencing Health Disparities
Katz M, Mszar R, Grimshaw A, Gunderson C, Onuma O, Lu Y, Spatz E. Digital Health Interventions for Hypertension Management in US Populations Experiencing Health Disparities. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2356070. PMID: 38353950, PMCID: PMC10867699, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56070.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDigital health interventionsHealth disparitiesHealth interventionsSystematic reviewSystolic BPSocial determinants of healthHypertension managementCommunity health workersFactors associated with cardiovascular diseaseDeterminants of healthLeveraging digital healthRemote BP monitoringDigital health technologiesStandard care groupMeta-analysisBlood pressureDiastolic BPPreferred Reporting ItemsControl groupSystolic BP changeBaseline to 6Random-effects modelSkilled nursingCultural tailoringSocial determinants
2023
Developing an Actionable Taxonomy of Persistent Hypertension Using Electronic Health Records
Lu Y, Du C, Khidir H, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Spatz E, Curry L, Krumholz H. Developing an Actionable Taxonomy of Persistent Hypertension Using Electronic Health Records. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2023, 16: e009453. PMID: 36727515, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.122.009453.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPersistent hypertensionElectronic health recordsBlood pressureHealth recordsPharmacologic agentsPrescribed treatmentYale New Haven Health SystemTreatment planAdditional pharmacologic agentsAntihypertensive treatment intensificationConsecutive outpatient visitsElevated blood pressurePersistence of hypertensionElectronic health record dataHealth record dataEligible patientsTreatment intensificationChart reviewHispanic patientsOutpatient visitsMean agePharmacological treatmentConventional content analysisHypertensionClinician notesPrimary care institutional characteristics associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the China PEACE-Million Persons Project and primary health-care survey: a cross-sectional study
Group C, Zhou T, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wu C, Tian N, Cui J, Bai X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Spatz E, Ross J, Krumholz H, Lu J, Li X, Hu S. Primary care institutional characteristics associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the China PEACE-Million Persons Project and primary health-care survey: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Global Health 2023, 11: e83-e94. PMID: 36521957, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00428-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProportion of participantsPrimary care institutionsHypertension awarenessPrimary care systemBlood pressureCare institutionsCardiac Events Million Persons ProjectAverage diastolic blood pressureMedical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation FundAverage systolic blood pressureCare systemMillion Persons ProjectHistory of hypertensionDiastolic blood pressurePrimary care surveySystolic blood pressureCardiovascular disease riskBlood pressure measurementsCross-sectional studyParticipant-level dataProportion of physiciansRoutine service deliveryPrimary care roleHealth Care SurveyPublic health services
2022
Hemodynamic differences between women and men with elevated blood pressure in China: A non-invasive assessment of 45,082 adults using impedance cardiography
Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Gu J, Lu Y, Spatz ES, Dreyer RP, Zhang M, Sun N, Ren Y, Zheng X, Zhao H, Lu H, J. Z, Krumholz HM. Hemodynamic differences between women and men with elevated blood pressure in China: A non-invasive assessment of 45,082 adults using impedance cardiography. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0269777. PMID: 35700163, PMCID: PMC9197037, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269777.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElevated blood pressureSystemic vascular resistance indexVascular resistance indexBlood pressureCardiac indexResistance indexHigh systemic vascular resistance indexLower systemic vascular resistance indexHigher mean systolic blood pressureMean diastolic blood pressureMean systolic blood pressureImpedance cardiographyLow cardiac indexHigher cardiac indexDiastolic blood pressureSystolic blood pressureBody mass indexYear old womanPersonalization of treatmentSame age groupNon-invasive assessmentSex differencesHemodynamic profileMass indexHemodynamic differences
2017
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1·7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE Million Persons Project)
Lu J, Lu Y, Wang X, Li X, Linderman GC, Wu C, Cheng X, Mu L, Zhang H, Liu J, Su M, Zhao H, Spatz ES, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Krumholz HM, Jiang L. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1·7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE Million Persons Project). The Lancet 2017, 390: 2549-2558. PMID: 29102084, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32478-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsControl of hypertensionBlood pressureAntihypertensive medicationsCardiac Events Million Persons ProjectSelf-reported antihypertensive medication usePopulation-based screening studyPopulation-based screening projectMillion Persons ProjectPrescribed antihypertensive medicationsPrevious cardiovascular eventsAntihypertensive medication useDiastolic blood pressureSystolic blood pressureManagement of hypertensionCalcium channel blockersProportion of participantsSelf-reported diagnosisCommunity-dwelling adultsSex-standardised ratesCardiovascular eventsHypertensive adultsMedication classesHypertension awarenessHypertension prevalenceClinical factors
2016
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants
Zhou B, Bentham J, Di Cesare M, Bixby H, Danaei G, Cowan M, Paciorek C, Singh G, Hajifathalian K, Bennett J, Taddei C, Bilano V, Carrillo-Larco R, Djalalinia S, Khatibzadeh S, Lugero C, Peykari N, Zhang W, Lu Y, Stevens G, Riley L, Bovet P, Elliott P, Gu D, Ikeda N, Jackson R, Joffres M, Kengne A, Laatikainen T, Lam T, Laxmaiah A, Liu J, Miranda J, Mondo C, Neuhauser H, Sundström J, Smeeth L, Soric M, Woodward M, Ezzati M, Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen Z, Rahim H, Abu-Rmeileh N, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams R, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Aguilar-Salinas C, Agyemang C, Ahmadvand A, Ahrens W, Al Raddadi R, Al Woyatan R, Ali M, Alkerwi A, Aly E, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Andersen L, Anderssen S, Ängquist L, Anjana R, Ansong D, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arlappa N, Aryal K, Arveiler D, Assah F, Assunção M, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azizi F, Babu B, Bahijri S, Balakrishna N, Bandosz P, Banegas J, Barbagallo C, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros A, Barros M, Bata I, Batieha A, Baur L, Beaglehole R, Romdhane H, Benet M, Benson L, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava S, Bi Y, Bikbov M, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Björkelund C, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boeing H, Boggia J, Boissonnet C, Bongard V, Braeckman L, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Brewster L, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Bugge A, Burns C, Bursztyn M, de León A, Cacciottolo J, Cameron C, Can G, Cândido A, Capuano V, Cardoso V, Carlsson A, Carvalho M, Casanueva F, Casas J, Caserta C, Chamukuttan S, Chan A, Chan Q, Chaturvedi H, Chaturvedi N, Chen C, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng C, Dekkaki I, Chetrit A, Chiolero A, Chiou S, Chirita-Emandi A, Cho B, Cho Y, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Claessens F, Clays E, Concin H, Cooper C, Cooper R, Coppinger T, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig C, Crujeiras A, Cruz J, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Dankner R, Dantoft T, Dauchet L, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Di Castelnuovo A, Dias-da-Costa J, Diaz A, Dickerson T, Do H, Dobson A, Donfrancesco C, Donoso S, Döring A, Doua K, Drygas W, Dulskiene V, Džakula A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eggertsen R, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Ellert U, Elliott P, Elosua R, Erasmus R, Erem C, Eriksen L, de la Peña J, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall C, Farzadfar F, Felix-Redondo F, Ferguson T, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Finn J, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo L, Forslund A, Forsner M, Fortmann S, Fouad H, Francis D, Franco M, Franco O, Frontera G, Fuchs F, Fuchs S, Fujita Y, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gareta D, Garnett S, Gaspoz J, Gasull M, Gates L, Gavrila D, Geleijnse J, Ghasemian A, Ghimire A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Giovannelli J, Goldsmith R, Gonçalves H, Gross M, Rivas J, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Gregor R, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Gruden G, Grujic V, Gu D, Guan O, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes A, Gulliford M, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter M, Gupta P, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Hadaegh F, Halkjær J, Hambleton I, Hardy R, Harikumar R, Hata J, Hayes A, He J, Hendriks M, Henriques A, Cadena L, Herrala S, Heshmat R, Hihtaniemi I, Ho S, Ho S, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Dinc G, Hormiga C, Horta B, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay T, Htet A, Hu Y, Huerta J, Husseini A, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Iacoviello L, Iannone A, Ibrahim M, Ikram M, Irazola V, Islam M, Ivkovic V, Iwasaki M, Jackson R, Jacobs J, Jafar T, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Jasienska G, Jelakovic B, Jiang C, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jonas J, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jureša V, Kaaks R, Kafatos A, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamaruddin N, Kasaeian A, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva G, Keil U, Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kemper H, Kengne A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader Y, Khalili D, Khang Y, Khaw K, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim J, Klumbiene J, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, Korrovits P, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Koziel S, Kristensen P, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger H, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kuh D, Kujala U, Kula K, Kulaga Z, Kumar R, Kurjata P, Kusuma Y, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Lam T, Landrove O, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Laugsand L, Laxmaiah A, Bao K, Le T, Leclercq C, Lee J, Lee J, Lehtimäki T, Lekhraj R, León-Muñoz L, Levitt N, Li Y, Lilly C, Lim W, Lima-Costa M, Lin H, Lin X, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Lorbeer R, Lotufo P, Lozano J, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lytsy P, Ma G, Ma J, Machado-Coelho G, Machi S, Maggi S, Magliano D, Majer M, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Rao K, Malyutina S, Manios Y, Mann J, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Marques-Vidal P, Marrugat J, Martorell R, Mathiesen E, Matijasevich A, Matsha T, Mbanya J, Posso A, McFarlane S, McGarvey S, McLachlan S, McLean R, McNulty B, Khir A, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Menezes A, Menon G, Meshram I, Metspalu A, Mi J, Mikkel K, Miller J, Miquel J, Mišigoj-Durakovic M, Mohamed M, Mohammad K, Mohammadifard N, Mohan V, Yusoff M, Møller N, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo C, Monyeki K, Moreira L, Morejon A, Moreno L, Morgan K, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota J, Motlagh M, Motta J, Muiesan M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Musil V, Nagel G, Naidu B, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang E, Nangia V, Narake S, Navarrete-Muñoz E, Ndiaye N, Neal W, Nenko I, Nervi F, Nguyen N, Nguyen Q, Nieto-Martínez R, Niiranen T, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa O, Noorbala A, Noorbala T, Noto D, Al Nsour M, O'Reilly D, Oh K, Olinto M, Oliveira I, Omar M, Onat A, Ordunez P, Osmond C, Ostojic S, Otero J, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud F, Padez C, Pahomova E, Pajak A, Palli D, Palmieri L, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Papandreou D, Parnell W, Parsaeian M, Pecin I, Pednekar M, Peer N, Peeters P, Peixoto S, Pelletier C, Peltonen M, Pereira A, Pérez R, Peters A, Petkeviciene J, Pham S, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pitakaka F, Plans-Rubió P, Polakowska M, Polašek O, Porta M, Portegies M, Pourshams A, Pradeepa R, Prashant M, Price J, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi R, Qorbani M, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramos E, Rampal S, Reina D, Rasmussen F, Redon J, Reganit P, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, de Wit T, Ritti-Dias R, Robinson S, Robitaille C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez del Cristo M, Rodríguez-Villamizar L, Rojas-Martinez R, Rosengren A, Rubinstein A, Rui O, Ruiz-Betancourt B, Horimoto A, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev H, Saidi O, Sakarya S, Salanave B, Salazar Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen J, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sans S, Santos D, Santos I, dos Santos R, Santos R, Saramies J, Sardinha L, Margolis G, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum K, Savva S, Scazufca M, Schargrodsky H, Schneider I, Schultsz C, Schutte A, Sen A, Senbanjo I, Sepanlou S, Sharma S, Shaw J, Shibuya K, Shin D, Shin Y, Siantar R, Sibai A, Silva D, Simon M, Simons J, Simons L, Sjöström M, Skovbjerg S, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Smith M, Snijder M, So H, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen T, Jérome C, Soumare A, Staessen J, Starc G, Stathopoulou M, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein A, Stergiou G, Stessman J, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stronks K, Strufaldi M, Sun C, Sundström J, Sung Y, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sy R, Tai E, Tammesoo M, Tamosiunas A, Tang L, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh M, Tarqui-Mamani C, Taylor A, Theobald H, Thijs L, Thuesen B, Tjonneland A, Tolonen H, Tolstrup J, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo M, Torrent M, Traissac P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh O, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tulloch-Reid M, Tuomainen T, Tuomilehto J, Turley M, Tynelius P, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ulmer H, Uusitalo H, Valdivia G, Valvi D, van der Schouw Y, Van Herck K, van Rossem L, van Valkengoed I, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Veronesi G, Verschuren W, Verstraeten R, Victora C, Viet L, Viikari-Juntura E, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen J, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen S, Vrdoljak A, Vrijheid M, Wade A, Wagner A, Walton J, Mohamud W, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wannamethee S, Wareham N, Wedderkopp N, Weerasekera D, Whincup P, Widhalm K, Widyahening I, Wiecek A, Wijga A, Wilks R, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams E, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong T, Wong-McClure R, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu A, Wu F, Wu S, Xu H, Yan W, Yang X, Ye X, Yiallouros P, Yoshihara A, Younger-Coleman N, Yusoff A, Yusoff M, Zambon S, Zdrojewski T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng Y, Zhu D, Zimmermann E, Zuñiga Cisneros J. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants. The Lancet 2016, 389: 37-55. PMID: 27863813, PMCID: PMC5220163, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31919-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDiastolic blood pressureBlood pressure levelsSystolic blood pressureBlood pressureMean systolicMiddle-income countriesGlobal age-standardised prevalenceMean diastolic blood pressureMean systolic blood pressureHigher blood pressure levelsNumber of adultsAge-standardised prevalenceChronic kidney diseaseMean blood pressurePopulation-based studyAge-specific prevalenceImportant risk factorSaharan AfricaKidney diseasePooled analysisRisk factorsCardiovascular diseaseHigh-income countriesPrevalencePressure levels
2015
Mediators of the Effect of Body Mass Index on Coronary Heart Disease
Lu Y, Hajifathalian K, Rimm EB, Ezzati M, Danaei G. Mediators of the Effect of Body Mass Index on Coronary Heart Disease. Epidemiology 2015, 26: 153-162. PMID: 25643095, DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000234.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexCoronary heart diseaseExcess relative riskHigh-sensitive C-reactive proteinHigher body mass indexC-reactive proteinBlood pressureRelative riskMass indexBlood glucoseHeart diseaseRisk factorsMetabolic risk factorsProspective cohort studyPrevalence of overweightMajor risk factorRandom-effects modelProthrombotic biomarkersCHD eventsCohort studyInflammatory biomarkersObese participantsMetabolic mediatorsMetabolic factorsMultiplicative scale
2013
Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1·8 million participants
Lu Y, Hajifathalian K, Ezzati M, Woodward M, Rimm E, Danaei G. Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1·8 million participants. The Lancet 2013, 383: 970-983. PMID: 24269108, PMCID: PMC3959199, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61836-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexCoronary heart diseaseHigher body mass indexHazard ratioBlood pressureExcess riskHeart diseaseEffect of BMIImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustMetabolic risk factorsProspective cohort studyAverage blood pressureHigh blood pressureCardiovascular disease preventionUK Medical Research CouncilNational InstituteRandom-effects modelMedical Research CouncilBiomedical Research CentreCohort studyProspective cohortStroke eventsNormal weightPooled analysisUS National Institutes
2012
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, AlMazroa M, Amann M, Anderson H, Andrews K, Aryee M, Atkinson C, Bacchus L, Bahalim A, Balakrishnan K, Balmes J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Bell M, Blore J, Blyth F, Bonner C, Borges G, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer M, Brooks P, Bruce N, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnett R, Byers T, Calabria B, Carapetis J, Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson F, Chen H, Chen J, Cheng A, Child J, Cohen A, Colson K, Cowie B, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dentener F, Jarlais D, Devries K, Dherani M, Ding E, Dorsey E, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali S, Engell R, Erwin P, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane M, Flaxman S, Fowkes F, Freedman G, Freeman M, Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K, Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez H, Hall W, Hoek H, Hogan A, Hosgood H, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell B, Hutchings S, Ibeanusi S, Jacklyn G, Jasrasaria R, Jonas J, Kan H, Kanis J, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang Y, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo J, Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Lathlean T, Leasher J, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin J, Lipshultz S, London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Marcenes W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, McGrath J, Mehta S, Memish Z, Mensah G, Merriman T, Micha R, Michaud C, Mishra V, Hanafiah K, Mokdad A, Morawska L, Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Neal B, Nelson P, Nolla J, Norman R, Olives C, Omer S, Orchard J, Osborne R, Ostro B, Page A, Pandey K, Parry C, Passmore E, Patra J, Pearce N, Pelizzari P, Petzold M, Phillips M, Pope D, Pope C, Powles J, Rao M, Razavi H, Rehfuess E, Rehm J, Ritz B, Rivara F, Roberts T, Robinson C, Rodriguez-Portales J, Romieu I, Room R, Rosenfeld L, Roy A, Rushton L, Salomon J, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Sapkota A, Seedat S, Shi P, Shield K, Shivakoti R, Singh G, Sleet D, Smith E, Smith K, Stapelberg N, Steenland K, Stöckl H, Stovner L, Straif K, Straney L, Thurston G, Tran J, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Veerman J, Vijayakumar L, Weintraub R, Weissman M, White R, Whiteford H, Wiersma S, Wilkinson J, Williams H, Williams W, Wilson N, Woolf A, Yip P, Zielinski J, Lopez A, Murray C, Ezzati M. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet 2012, 380: 2224-2260. PMID: 23245609, PMCID: PMC4156511, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61766-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSecond-hand smokeDisease Study 2010High blood pressureRisk factorsDisease burdenGlobal disease burdenTobacco smokingRisk factor exposureBlood pressureGlobal DALYsChildhood underweightRelative riskGlobal burdenStudy 2010Unimproved waterCommunicable diseasesHigher body mass indexHigh-income North AmericaAlcohol useChildhood communicable diseasesDisability-adjusted life yearsRisk factor clustersDietary risk factorsCause-specific deathBody mass index