Featured Publications
Virtual Coordinate System in Unicoronal Synostosis
Lu X, Forte A, Persing JA. Virtual Coordinate System in Unicoronal Synostosis. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 2021, 9: e3616. PMID: 34422508, PMCID: PMC8376362, DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003616.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUnicoronal synostosisMid-sagittal planeSkull baseSynostotic sideAnterior skull baseNonsyndromic unicoronal synostosisPosterior skull baseContralateral sideCT scanProtrusive pointCoronal planeFrankfort horizontal planeSynostosisSupraorbital rimFrontal boneFrontozygomatic sutureSagittal planeFused suturesPatientsSutureOrbitofacial morphology changes with different suture synostoses in Crouzon syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Junn A, Dinis J, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Orbitofacial morphology changes with different suture synostoses in Crouzon syndrome. Journal Of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2021, 50: 406-418. PMID: 35065874, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.06.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCrouzon syndrome patientsSquamosal synostosisSyndrome patientsCT scanBicoronal synostosisCrouzon syndromeComputed tomography scanSoft tissue volumeType ISurgical interventionTomography scanNormal controlsOccipital expansionGlobe volumeCrouzon patientsSagittal synostosisPatientsAnteroposterior lengthSynostosisOrbital rimStatistical significanceTissue volumeSynostosesType IVType VAirway Growth in Preoperative Patients with Crouzon Syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Park KE, Allam O, Smetona J, Alperovich M, Steinbacher DM, Tonello C, Alonso N, Persing JA. Airway Growth in Preoperative Patients with Crouzon Syndrome. Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine 2021, 23: 191-197. PMID: 33577380, DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0441.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of ageNasal airway volumeAirway volumeCrouzon syndromePharyngeal airwayCross-sectional areaAirway cross-sectional areaObstructive sleep apneaMonths of agePreoperative patientsSleep apneaMaximal constrictionAirway developmentAirway growthTomography scanAge subgroupsCT scanPatientsSyndromeCrouzon patientsNatural historyAgeNormal dimensionsAirwayMaterialise softwareAirway Development Relevant to Cranial Vault Suture Synostosis Subtype in Apert Syndrome
Lu X, Forte A, Park K, Allam O, Steinbacher D, Alperovich M, Passos-Bueno M, Tonello C, Alonso N, Persing J. Airway Development Relevant to Cranial Vault Suture Synostosis Subtype in Apert Syndrome. FACE 2020, 1: 89-96. DOI: 10.1177/2732501620973030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPharyngeal airwayAirway volumeNasal airwayApert patientsCT scanNasal cavityCross-sectional areaApert syndromeSuture synostosisNasopharyngeal airway volumePharyngeal airway volumeAirway volume changesDecreased cross-sectional areaType IIIBilateral coronal synostosisType IIAirway developmentSyndrome subtypesCranial base angulationAirwayEstablished classification systemPatientsSurgical planningSectional areaCoronal synostosisClassification of Subtypes of Crouzon Syndrome Based on the Type of Vault Suture Synostosis.
Lu X, Sawh-Martinez R, Forte AJ, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Wilson A, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Classification of Subtypes of Crouzon Syndrome Based on the Type of Vault Suture Synostosis. Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery 2020, 31: 678-684. PMID: 32068731, DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006173.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClass IIICrouzon syndromeClass IClass IISuture involvementSuture synostosisSimilar craniofacial characteristicsComputed tomography scanClassification of subtypesSurgical interventionMorphology of patientsAnatomic deformityTomography scanSurgical techniqueCT scanDifferent subtypesSagittal synostosisSyndromeClass IVPremature closureCraniofacial characteristicsSevere craniofacial malformationsCranial base lengthSynostosisDifferent pathologies
2021
Cephalocranial Disproportionate Fossa Volume and Normal Skull Base Angle in Pfeiffer Syndrome.
Lu X, Forte AJ, Allam O, Park KE, Alperovich M, Steinbacher DM, Tonello C, Alonso N, Persing JA. Cephalocranial Disproportionate Fossa Volume and Normal Skull Base Angle in Pfeiffer Syndrome. Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery 2021, 32: 581-586. PMID: 33704985, DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007203.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPfeiffer syndrome patientsMiddle cranial fossaCranial fossaSyndrome patientsFossa volumePfeiffer patientsSurgical interventionSuture synostosisPfeiffer syndromePreoperative CT scanPosterior cranial fossa volumeAnterior cranial fossaSkull base developmentSkull base angleClinical manifestationsCraniosynostosis disordersCT scanPosterior fossaNormal controlsAnatomic basisAnterior fossaPatientsSquamosal synostosisStructural abnormalitiesSubgroup comparisons
2019
Enlarged anterior cranial fossa and restricted posterior cranial fossa, the disproportionate growth of basicranium in Crouzon syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Enlarged anterior cranial fossa and restricted posterior cranial fossa, the disproportionate growth of basicranium in Crouzon syndrome. Journal Of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2019, 47: 1426-1435. PMID: 31331854, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.06.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosterior cranial fossa volumePosterior cranial fossaCranial fossaFossa volumeCrouzon syndrome patientsCrouzon syndromeSyndrome patientsCT scanSegmental anteriorSurgical treatment planPreoperative CT scanAnterior cranial fossaMonths of ageMiddle cranial fossaPosterior cranial expansionNormal intracranial volumeIntracranial volume measurementsTreatment planIntracranial volumePatientsFossaSyndromeCranial expansionCranial volumeAnteriorClassification of Subtypes of Apert Syndrome, Based on the Type of Vault Suture Synostosis
Lu X, Sawh-Martinez R, Forte A, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Wilson A, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Classification of Subtypes of Apert Syndrome, Based on the Type of Vault Suture Synostosis. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 2019, 7: e2158. PMID: 31044122, PMCID: PMC6467634, DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002158.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchApert syndromeCranial base angulationClass IClass IICommon subtypeCoronal synostosisObstructive sleep apneaCranial baseApert syndrome patientsBilateral coronal synostosisClassification of subtypesUnilateral lambdoid synostosisUnilateral coronal synostosisAirway compromiseSleep apneaAnatomic deformityTreatment choiceSyndrome patientsPosterior aspectOropharyngeal spaceCT scanCranial base angleCleft palateClass IIISyndrome
2018
Orbit, zygoma, and maxilla growth patterns in Crouzon syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Sawh-Martinez R, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Orbit, zygoma, and maxilla growth patterns in Crouzon syndrome. International Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery 2018, 48: 309-321. PMID: 30389113, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCrouzon syndromeCT scanAnteroposterior lengthWidth of maxillaPreoperative CT scanMonths-2 yearsMonths of agePrincipal deformityControl subjectsGlobe projectionAge subgroupsMaxillary wideningSecondary deformitiesOrbital wallAnterior protrusionSyndromeFacial malformationsMonthsDeformityAnteroposterior positionZygomatic regionCranial baseZygomaMalformationsMaterialise softwareNormal angulation of skull base in Apert syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Sawh-Martinez R, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Normal angulation of skull base in Apert syndrome. Journal Of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2018, 46: 2042-2051. PMID: 30391086, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.09.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior cranial baseApert syndromeCranial base lengthSkull baseSevere craniofacial deformitiesPosterior cranial base lengthYears of ageMonths of ageUnoperated patientsCT scanAnterior cranial base lengthCranial base angleLate infancySyndromeAge rangeCraniofacial deformitiesCranial baseDeformityAdditive effectSkull vaultMonthsAngulationSignificant changesAgeBase length