2001
The neurobiology of dyslexia
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Fulbright R, Mencl W, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fletcher J, Lyon G, Gore J. The neurobiology of dyslexia. Clinical Neuroscience Research 2001, 1: 291-299. DOI: 10.1016/s1566-2772(01)00015-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPhonological processingNeural systemsNeurobiology of dyslexiaPosterior brain systemsFrontal lobe circuitsDiagnosis of dyslexiaFunctional brain imagingDevelopment of tasksSubcomponent processesCognitive modelCognitive basisReading taskBrain systemsNeural substratesDyslexiaBrain organizationParticular subcomponentLanguage systemBrain imagingSpecific hypothesesTaskAdditional suggestionsReadingProcessingAdultsThe Functional Neural Architecture of Components of Attention in Language-Processing Tasks
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Fulbright R, Skudlarski P, Mencl W, Constable R, Marchione K, Fletcher J, Klorman R, Lacadie C, Gore J. The Functional Neural Architecture of Components of Attention in Language-Processing Tasks. NeuroImage 2001, 13: 601-612. PMID: 11305889, DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0726.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInferior frontal sitesFrontal sitesAttentional controlExecutive functionFunctional neural architectureFunctional magnetic resonanceLanguage processing tasksLeft hemisphere sitesSelective attentionPerceptual selectivityRight-handed manParietal sitesRight hemisphereCortical systemsLanguage processingNeural architectureFrontal cortexIncreased activationHemisphere sitesWordsTaskImportant dimensionSpecific functional aspectsAttentionProcessing
1997
Neuroanatomy of Reading and Dyslexia
Fulbright R, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Pugh K, Skudlarski P, Constable R, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Lacadie C, Bronen R, Marchione K, Gore J. Neuroanatomy of Reading and Dyslexia. Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics Of North America 1997, 6: 431-446. DOI: 10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30312-2.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsPhonologic processingInferior frontal gyrus regionsCore cognitive componentLexical-semantic processingWord identificationNeural signaturesCognitive componentsComponent processesDyslexiaLinguistic systemGyrus regionsFunctional MR imagingConsistent findingProcessingReadingOrthographyPhonologyTaskNeuroanatomyDeficitsChildrenAdultsDisordersBrainFindings
1996
Cerebral organization of component processes in reading
Pugh K, Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Bronen R, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Fletcher J, Gore J. Cerebral organization of component processes in reading. Brain 1996, 119: 1221-1238. PMID: 8813285, DOI: 10.1093/brain/119.4.1221.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFunctional magnetic resonance imagingCerebral organizationTemporal sitesLexical-semantic processingReading-related processesWord identification processOrthographic processingPhonological processingSuperior temporal sitesSemantic tasksComponent processesSignificant sex differencesSex differencesProcessingPhonologicalThe Functional Organization of Brain for Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Constable R, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Bronen R, Marchione K, Lacadie C, Gore J. The Functional Organization of Brain for Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia. The Neuroscientist 1996, 2: 245-255. DOI: 10.1177/107385849600200413.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFunctional magnetic resonance imagingPhonological processingLeft inferior frontal gyrusCore cognitive componentLexical-semantic processingInferior frontal gyrusFunctional organizationPhonological tasksCognitive componentsIFG regionsReading DisabilitiesFrontal gyrusComponent processesLanguage functionBilateral activationLinguistic systemWomen's performanceDyslexiaSex differencesReadingConsistent findingCerebral localizationProcessingTaskLanguage
1995
Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language
Shaywitz B, Shaywltz S, Pugh K, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Bronen R, Fletcher J, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Gore J. Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Nature 1995, 373: 607-609. PMID: 7854416, DOI: 10.1038/373607a0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft inferior frontal gyrus regionsInferior frontal gyrus regionsRight inferior frontal gyrusSex differencesInferior frontal gyrusFunctional organizationPattern of activationRight-handed subjectsPhonological processingPhonological tasksSemantic tasksBrain activationFrontal gyrusLanguage functionNeural systemsGyrus regionsCerebral hemispheresTaskLanguageBrainGyrusOrganizationMalesProcessingActivation
1994
Localization of semantic processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Shaywitz B, Pugh K, Constable R, Shaywitz S, Bronen R, Fulbright R, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Fletcher J, Skudlarski P, Gore J. Localization of semantic processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Human Brain Mapping 1994, 2: 149-158. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.460020304.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSemantic processingPhonological processingLeft posterior temporal regionPhonological information processingFunctional magnetic resonance imagingInferior frontal regionsFrontal brain regionsPosterior temporal regionsTemporal lobe sitesCognitive neuroscienceCognitive tasksMemory searchRight-handed manWord meaningsWord formsGeneration taskSound structureSemantic categoriesNeural systemsFrontal regionsInformation processingTemporal regionsNeuroanatomic lociBrain regionsProcessing