2001
The neurobiology of dyslexia
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Fulbright R, Mencl W, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fletcher J, Lyon G, Gore J. The neurobiology of dyslexia. Clinical Neuroscience Research 2001, 1: 291-299. DOI: 10.1016/s1566-2772(01)00015-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPhonological processingNeural systemsNeurobiology of dyslexiaPosterior brain systemsFrontal lobe circuitsDiagnosis of dyslexiaFunctional brain imagingDevelopment of tasksSubcomponent processesCognitive modelCognitive basisReading taskBrain systemsNeural substratesDyslexiaBrain organizationParticular subcomponentLanguage systemBrain imagingSpecific hypothesesTaskAdditional suggestionsReadingProcessingAdults
2000
The Angular Gyrus in Developmental Dyslexia: Task-Specific Differences in Functional Connectivity Within Posterior Cortex
Pugh K, Mencl W, Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Fulbright R, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Marchione K, Jenner A, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Lacadie C, Gore J. The Angular Gyrus in Developmental Dyslexia: Task-Specific Differences in Functional Connectivity Within Posterior Cortex. Psychological Science 2000, 11: 51-56. PMID: 11228843, DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.00214.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDevelopmental dyslexiaAngular gyrusFunctional connectivityPhonological assemblyLeft hemispherePhonological processing domainTask-specific differencesLanguage-dominant left hemispherePosterior brain regionsTemporal lobe sitesDyslexic readersNeurobiological anomaliesPhonological performanceExplicit demandDyslexiaBrain regionsGyrusPosterior cortexTaskCompensatory roleVaried demandsPosterior regionDyslexicsConnectivityHemisphere
1998
Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia
Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Pugh K, Fulbright R, Constable R, Mencl W, Shankweiler D, Liberman A, Skudlarski P, Fletcher J, Katz L, Marchione K, Lacadie C, Gatenby C, Gore J. Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1998, 95: 2636-2641. PMID: 9482939, PMCID: PMC19444, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2636.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain activation patternsActivation patternsDyslexic readersFunctional disruptionFunctional magnetic resonanceAlphabetic charactersRelative underactivationPhonologic awarenessNeural signaturesPhonologic analysisSpoken wordsAnterior regionImpairmentNeural systemsPosterior regionDyslexiaMagnetic resonanceWordsOveractivationBrain
1997
Neuroanatomy of Reading and Dyslexia
Fulbright R, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Pugh K, Skudlarski P, Constable R, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Lacadie C, Bronen R, Marchione K, Gore J. Neuroanatomy of Reading and Dyslexia. Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics Of North America 1997, 6: 431-446. DOI: 10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30312-2.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsPhonologic processingInferior frontal gyrus regionsCore cognitive componentLexical-semantic processingWord identificationNeural signaturesCognitive componentsComponent processesDyslexiaLinguistic systemGyrus regionsFunctional MR imagingConsistent findingProcessingReadingOrthographyPhonologyTaskNeuroanatomyDeficitsChildrenAdultsDisordersBrainFindings
1996
The Functional Organization of Brain for Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Constable R, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Bronen R, Marchione K, Lacadie C, Gore J. The Functional Organization of Brain for Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia. The Neuroscientist 1996, 2: 245-255. DOI: 10.1177/107385849600200413.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFunctional magnetic resonance imagingPhonological processingLeft inferior frontal gyrusCore cognitive componentLexical-semantic processingInferior frontal gyrusFunctional organizationPhonological tasksCognitive componentsIFG regionsReading DisabilitiesFrontal gyrusComponent processesLanguage functionBilateral activationLinguistic systemWomen's performanceDyslexiaSex differencesReadingConsistent findingCerebral localizationProcessingTaskLanguage