Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators
Jung Y, Lee AM, McKee SA, Picciotto MR. Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators. Scientific Reports 2017, 7: 4315. PMID: 28659613, PMCID: PMC5489536, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04413-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMale smoking prevalenceMaternal smokingNicotine exposureSmoking prevalenceAdult male smoking prevalenceSignificant associationPostnatal nicotine exposureUtero nicotine exposureAutism spectrum disorderRandom-effects modelWorld Health Organization dataMeta-regression analysisSmoking metricsSmoke exposureSecondhand smokingPooled ORsObservational studySpectrum disorderSmokingBrain developmentControl participantsPrevalenceASD riskExposureAssociation