What is the evidence for hardening in the cigarette smoking population? Trends in nicotine dependence in the U.S., 2002–2012
Smith PH, Rose JS, Mazure CM, Giovino GA, McKee SA. What is the evidence for hardening in the cigarette smoking population? Trends in nicotine dependence in the U.S., 2002–2012. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2014, 142: 333-340. PMID: 25064023, PMCID: PMC4158455, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLow-income smokersNicotine dependenceCigarette smoking populationMiddle-aged smokersDependence severitySerious psychological distressNicotine dependence severitySocio-demographic factorsCurrent smokersCigarette smokingSmoking populationSmokersTobacco consumptionGreater severityDrug useSmokingStudy periodPsychological distressSeverityNational surveyWomen