2008
NSF: WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW: Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Early Recognition and Treatment
Knopp EA, Cowper SE. NSF: WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW: Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Early Recognition and Treatment. Seminars In Dialysis 2008, 21: 123-128. PMID: 18226008, DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2007.00399.x.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisGadolinium-containing contrast agentsEarly recognitionSystemic fibrosisAcute kidney diseaseSignificant risk factorsInvolved extremityRenal dysfunctionRenal insufficiencyExtracorporeal photopheresisRenal functionMedical therapyMuscle weaknessKidney diseaseRisk factorsDistressing diseaseEarly treatmentPhysical therapyEffective treatmentEarly symptomsEarly signsPatientsBeneficial effectsFibrosisTherapy
2007
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: A Population Study Examining the Relationship of Disease Development to Gadolinium Exposure
Deo A, Fogel M, Cowper SE. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: A Population Study Examining the Relationship of Disease Development to Gadolinium Exposure. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2007, 2: 264-267. PMID: 17699423, DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03921106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisGadolinium-containing contrast agentsGadolinium exposureIncidence of NSFSevere renal failurePopulation of patientsMajor risk factorOccurrence of NSFDevastating complicationESRD populationRenal failureSignificant morbidityRadiologic studiesRisk factorsSystemic fibrosisPopulation studiesESRDPatientsDisease developmentRecent reportsExposureContrast agentsRiskMorbidityComplications
2006
Gadolinium is detectable within the tissue of patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
High WA, Ayers RA, Chandler J, Zito G, Cowper SE. Gadolinium is detectable within the tissue of patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Journal Of The American Academy Of Dermatology 2006, 56: 21-26. PMID: 17097388, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.10.047.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisNSF patientsSystemic fibrosisGadolinium-containing contrast materialSubset of patientsSoft tissueNumber of patientsPilot investigationTissues of patientsGadolinium-based contrastGadolinium-containing contrast agentsParaffin-embedded specimenNegative controlRenal insufficiencyDevelopment of diseasePathophysiologic mechanismsUnknown etiologyEpidemiologic associationPatientsContrast materialTissue residence timeSingle histological sectionTissue specimensBlocks of tissueDetection of gadolinium