Intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A: Management of neuropathic bladder and bowel dysfunction in children with myelomeningocele
Kajbafzadeh AM, Moosavi S, Tajik P, Arshadi H, Payabvash S, Salmasi AH, Akbari HR, Nejat F. Intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A: Management of neuropathic bladder and bowel dysfunction in children with myelomeningocele. Urology 2006, 68: 1091-1096. PMID: 17113899, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.05.056.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMaximal detrusor pressureClean intermittent catheterizationMaximal bladder capacityBowel dysfunctionBotulinum toxin ANeuropathic bladderIntermittent catheterizationBladder capacityDetrusor pressureToxin AMean maximal detrusor pressureBotulinum toxin type AVesicoureteral reflux gradeConventional urodynamic studiesToxin type ATreatment of childrenIncontinence gradeDetrusor hyperreflexiaUrine incontinenceIntravesical injectionReflux gradeUrodynamic studiesDetrusor muscleVesicoureteral refluxCystoscopic guidance