Complex Persistent Opioid Dependence with Long-term Opioids: a Gray Area That Needs Definition, Better Understanding, Treatment Guidance, and Policy Changes
Manhapra A, Sullivan MD, Ballantyne JC, MacLean RR, Becker WC. Complex Persistent Opioid Dependence with Long-term Opioids: a Gray Area That Needs Definition, Better Understanding, Treatment Guidance, and Policy Changes. Journal Of General Internal Medicine 2020, 35: 964-971. PMID: 33159241, PMCID: PMC7728942, DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06251-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-term opioid therapyOpioid taperingOpioid dependenceChronic pain refractoryUtilization of buprenorphineLong-term opioidsSevere chronic painOpioid use disorderMultitude of treatmentsLimited supportive evidenceOpioid therapyPain refractoryBuprenorphine treatmentChronic painClinical instabilityRecent guidelinesClinical definitionUS adultsUse disordersDiagnosis/Treatment guidancePainComplicationsTreatmentSupportive evidence