2023
Sex Difference in Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients
Sawano M, Lu Y, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Dreyer R, Lichtman J, D'Onofrio G, Spatz E, Khera R, Onuma O, Murugiah K, Spertus J, Krumholz H. Sex Difference in Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2023, 81: 1797-1806. PMID: 37137590, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.03.383.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsFemaleHealth StatusHospitalizationHumansMaleMyocardial InfarctionRisk FactorsSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionNoncardiac hospitalizationsSubdistribution HRYounger patientsMyocardial infarctionSex differencesYoung womenCause-specific hospitalizationsCause of hospitalizationWorse health statusSignificant sex disparityNoncardiovascular hospitalizationsVIRGO StudyIndex episodeAdverse outcomesIncidence rateHospitalizationHigh riskSex disparitiesHealth statusPatientsU.S. hospitalsWomenInfarctionOutcomes
2022
Rural-Urban Disparities in Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations
Minhas AMK, Sheikh AB, Ijaz SH, Mostafa A, Nazir S, Khera R, Loccoh EC, Warraich HJ. Rural-Urban Disparities in Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2022, 175: 164-169. PMID: 35577603, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultHeart FailureHospital MortalityHospitalizationHospitals, RuralHumansMyocardial InfarctionUnited StatesConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionHeart failureHospital mortalityUrban hospitalRural hospitalsInflation-adjusted costStudy periodAMI hospitalizationMortality gapNational Inpatient SampleLength of stayAcute myocardial infarction hospitalizationsShorter mean lengthMyocardial infarction hospitalizationsHF hospitalizationCardiovascular outcomesClinical outcomesConsistent decreaseMyocardial infarctionInpatient SampleRural-urban disparitiesCardiovascular careHospitalizationHospitalMean lengthSex-Specific Risk Factors Associated With First Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults
Lu Y, Li SX, Liu Y, Rodriguez F, Watson KE, Dreyer RP, Khera R, Murugiah K, D’Onofrio G, Spatz ES, Nasir K, Masoudi FA, Krumholz HM. Sex-Specific Risk Factors Associated With First Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults. JAMA Network Open 2022, 5: e229953. PMID: 35503221, PMCID: PMC9066284, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.9953.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCase-Control StudiesDiabetes MellitusFemaleHumansHypercholesterolemiaHypertensionMaleMyocardial InfarctionNutrition SurveysRisk FactorsYoung AdultConceptsFirst acute myocardial infarctionAcute myocardial infarctionPsychosocial risk factorsRisk factor profilePopulation attributable fractionRisk factor associationsRisk factorsOdds ratioYoung womenAMI subtypesMyocardial infarctionPrevention of AMIType 1 acute myocardial infarctionFactor profileRisk of AMITraditional cardiovascular risk factorsSex-specific risk factorsFactor associationsYoung adultsRisk factor modificationCardiovascular risk factorsStrong associationNutrition Examination SurveyCase-control studyPopulation-based controlsDepression and Perceived Stress After Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Comparison With Other Acute Myocardial Infarction (the VIRGO Experience)
Murugiah K, Chen L, Dreyer RP, Bouras G, Safdar B, Lu Y, Spatz ES, Gupta A, Khera R, Ng VG, Bueno H, Tweet MS, Spertus JA, Hayes SN, Lansky A, Krumholz HM. Depression and Perceived Stress After Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Comparison With Other Acute Myocardial Infarction (the VIRGO Experience). The American Journal Of Cardiology 2022, 173: 33-38. PMID: 35365290, PMCID: PMC9133198, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.03.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCoronary AngiographyCoronary Vessel AnomaliesCoronary VesselsDepressionFemaleHumansMyocardial InfarctionRisk FactorsStress, PsychologicalVascular DiseasesConceptsSpontaneous coronary artery dissectionPatient Health Questionnaire-9Coronary artery dissectionPSS-14 scoreArtery dissectionBaseline PHQ-9 scoreAcute myocardial infarction patientsCardiovascular risk factorsPHQ-9 scoresAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarction patientsYears of agePerceived Stress Scale scoresStress Scale scoresLinear mixed-effects analysisSCAD casesVIRGO StudyQuestionnaire-9Infarction patientsMixed-effects analysisMyocardial infarctionSubgroup analysisRisk factorsRoutine screeningClinical acuityHealth status outcomes after spontaneous coronary artery dissection and comparison with other acute myocardial infarction: The VIRGO experience
Murugiah K, Chen L, Dreyer RP, Bouras G, Safdar B, Khera R, Lu Y, Spatz ES, Ng VG, Gupta A, Bueno H, Tweet MS, Spertus JA, Hayes SN, Lansky A, Krumholz HM. Health status outcomes after spontaneous coronary artery dissection and comparison with other acute myocardial infarction: The VIRGO experience. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0265624. PMID: 35320296, PMCID: PMC8942215, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265624.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCoronary Vessel AnomaliesCoronary VesselsFemaleHealth StatusHumansMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionQuality of LifeVascular DiseasesConceptsSpontaneous coronary artery dissectionAcute myocardial infarctionAMI patientsCoronary artery dissectionYoung AMI patientsHealth status outcomesHealth status instrumentsSCAD patientsArtery dissectionMyocardial infarctionStatus outcomesPatientsOutcomesHousehold incomeCollege educationInfarction
2021
Use of Machine Learning Models to Predict Death After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Khera R, Haimovich J, Hurley NC, McNamara R, Spertus JA, Desai N, Rumsfeld JS, Masoudi FA, Huang C, Normand SL, Mortazavi BJ, Krumholz HM. Use of Machine Learning Models to Predict Death After Acute Myocardial Infarction. JAMA Cardiology 2021, 6: 633-641. PMID: 33688915, PMCID: PMC7948114, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0122.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHospital MortalityHumansMachine LearningMaleMyocardial InfarctionRegistriesRisk AssessmentUnited StatesConceptsMachine learning modelsMeta-classifier modelLearning modelNeural networkGradient descent boostingAcute myocardial infarctionContemporary machineGradient descentXGBoost modelXGBoostHospital mortalityCohort studyLogistic regressionMyocardial infarctionNetworkChest Pain-MI RegistryPrecise classificationIndependent validation dataInitial laboratory valuesNovel methodLarge national registryHigh-risk individualsData analysisValidation dataResolution of risk
2020
Revascularization Practices and Outcomes in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Who Presented With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock in the US, 2009-2018
Khera R, Secemsky EA, Wang Y, Desai NR, Krumholz HM, Maddox TM, Shunk KA, Virani SS, Bhatt DL, Curtis J, Yeh RW. Revascularization Practices and Outcomes in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Who Presented With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock in the US, 2009-2018. JAMA Internal Medicine 2020, 180: 1317-1327. PMID: 32833024, PMCID: PMC9377424, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3276.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedCohort StudiesCoronary VesselsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHospital MortalityHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPatient DischargePercutaneous Coronary InterventionRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsShock, CardiogenicST Elevation Myocardial InfarctionTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionMultivessel percutaneous coronary interventionMultivessel coronary artery diseasePercutaneous coronary interventionAcute myocardial infarctionCoronary artery diseaseCulprit vessel percutaneous coronary interventionCardiogenic shockHospital mortalityArtery diseaseMyocardial infarctionCohort studyPrimary outcomeHospital variationPCI strategyMedicare beneficiariesUnderwent multivessel PCISignificant hospital variationElevation myocardial infarctionSubset of patientsHigh-risk populationRecent evidenceHospital complicationsPCI useRevascularization practiceRates and Predictors of Patient Underreporting of Hospitalizations During Follow-Up After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Caraballo C, Khera R, Jones PG, Decker C, Schulz W, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Rates and Predictors of Patient Underreporting of Hospitalizations During Follow-Up After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2020, 13: e006231. PMID: 32552061, PMCID: PMC9465954, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.119.006231.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionHospitalization eventsMedical recordsLongitudinal multicenter cohort studyMulticenter cohort studyMedical record abstractionDifferent patient characteristicsHealth care eventsPatients' underreportingTRIUMPH registryAccuracy of reportingCohort studyPatient characteristicsRecord abstractionProspective studyClinical studiesClinical investigationHospitalizationPatientsCare eventsInfarctionEvent ratesParticipantsPredictorsDo or Do Not, There Is No Try
Khera R. Do or Do Not, There Is No Try. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2020, 13: e006693. PMID: 32393124, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.006693.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersReadmission and Mortality After Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure
Ko DT, Khera R, Lau G, Qiu F, Wang Y, Austin PC, Koh M, Lin Z, Lee DS, Wijeysundera HC, Krumholz HM. Readmission and Mortality After Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2020, 75: 736-746. PMID: 32081282, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHeart FailureHumansMaleMyocardial InfarctionOntarioPatient ReadmissionRetrospective StudiesConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionPost-discharge mortalityHospital mortalityReadmission ratesHospitalization ratesMyocardial infarctionMortality rateRisk-adjusted mortality ratesHospital Readmissions Reduction ProgramHF hospitalization ratesHeart failure hospitalizationPatients 65 yearsReadmissions Reduction ProgramFailure hospitalizationHF patientsSecondary outcomesHospital readmissionPrimary outcomeReadmissionMortalityAMI hospitalization ratesStudy periodPattern of outcomesHospitalizationOutcomesTemporal Trends in Racial Differences in 30-Day Readmission and Mortality Rates After Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Pandey A, Keshvani N, Khera R, Lu D, Vaduganathan M, Maddox K, Das SR, Kumbhani DJ, Goyal A, Girotra S, Chan P, Fonarow GC, Matsouaka R, Wang TY, de Lemos JA. Temporal Trends in Racial Differences in 30-Day Readmission and Mortality Rates After Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA Cardiology 2020, 5: 136-145. PMID: 31913411, PMCID: PMC6990949, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4845.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHospital Readmissions Reduction ProgramAcute myocardial infarctionNonblack patientsMyocardial infarctionReadmission ratesMortality rateBlack patientsChest Pain-MI RegistryThirty-day readmission ratesRacial disparitiesExcess readmission ratiosPenalty statusObservational cohort analysisPatient-level factorsRacial differencesReadmissions Reduction ProgramHigher unadjusted oddsHRRP implementationCause readmissionPatient characteristicsUnadjusted oddsBlack raceThirty-dayAdjusted associationsReadmission ratiosPost-discharge acute care and outcomes following readmission reduction initiatives: national retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States
Khera R, Wang Y, Bernheim SM, Lin Z, Krumholz HM. Post-discharge acute care and outcomes following readmission reduction initiatives: national retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. The BMJ 2020, 368: l6831. PMID: 31941686, PMCID: PMC7190056, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6831.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute care utilizationAcute myocardial infarctionRetrospective cohort studyHeart failureCare utilizationPost-discharge periodEmergency departmentMyocardial infarctionDay mortalityCohort studyHospital admissionObservation unitAcute careNational retrospective cohort studyPost-acute care utilizationHospital Readmissions Reduction ProgramObservation unit carePost-discharge mortalityDay readmission rateRisk of deathReadmissions Reduction ProgramReadmission reduction initiativesReadmission ratesUnit careInpatient unit
2019
Variation and Disparities in Awareness of Myocardial Infarction Symptoms Among Adults in the United States
Mahajan S, Valero-Elizondo J, Khera R, Desai NR, Blankstein R, Blaha MJ, Virani SS, Kash BA, Zoghbi WA, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Variation and Disparities in Awareness of Myocardial Infarction Symptoms Among Adults in the United States. JAMA Network Open 2019, 2: e1917885. PMID: 31851350, PMCID: PMC6991230, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.17885.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyocardial infarction symptomsShortness of breathMyocardial infarctionInfarction symptomsLow education levelEmergency medical servicesChest painSociodemographic subgroupsNational Health Interview SurveyEmergency cardiac careCross-sectional studyMedical servicesHealth Interview SurveyPublic health initiativesEducation levelLow-income subgroupsPrompt recognitionBack painCommon symptomsMale sexCardiac careHigher oddsHispanic ethnicityMAIN OUTCOMEHigh riskEvaluation of 30-Day Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rates Using Regression-Discontinuity Framework
Khera R, Wang Y, Nasir K, Lin Z, Krumholz HM. Evaluation of 30-Day Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rates Using Regression-Discontinuity Framework. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2019, 74: 219-234. PMID: 31296295, PMCID: PMC8669780, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsHeart FailureHumansMyocardial InfarctionPatient ReadmissionPneumoniaRegression AnalysisConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionHospital Readmissions Reduction ProgramHeart failureReadmission ratesElderly Medicare feeMedian readmission rateReadmissions Reduction ProgramPost-discharge daysInstitution of strategiesHospital readmissionReadmission riskMyocardial infarctionReadmission reductionCardiovascular conditionsEligible hospitalsMedicare feeReadmission penaltiesMortality rateDay 1Day 30ReadmissionDay 60HospitalU.S. hospitalsHospitalizationFinancial Toxicity of Acute Cardiovascular Disease in India
Nasir K, Khera R. Financial Toxicity of Acute Cardiovascular Disease in India. JAMA Network Open 2019, 2: e193839. PMID: 31099855, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3839.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersEducation level and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in China
Huo X, Khera R, Zhang L, Herrin J, Bai X, Wang Q, Lu Y, Nasir K, Hu S, Li J, Li X, Zheng X, Masoudi FA, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM, Jiang L. Education level and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in China. Heart 2019, 105: 946. PMID: 30661037, PMCID: PMC6582708, DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313752.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedChinaEducational StatusFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionProspective StudiesConceptsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsLow educational attainmentAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) outcomesAdverse cardiovascular eventsFuture healthcare interventionsMyocardial infarction outcomesCardiovascular risk factorsRisk-adjusted analysisAcute myocardial infarctionMedian participant ageCardiovascular eventsCause mortalityAdverse eventsConsecutive patientsAMI outcomesChina PatientUnadjusted analysesMyocardial infarctionRisk factorsChinese cohortHigh riskEducational attainmentEducational attainment groupsHealthcare interventionsPatients
2018
Association of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program With Mortality During and After Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Pneumonia
Khera R, Dharmarajan K, Wang Y, Lin Z, Bernheim SM, Wang Y, Normand ST, Krumholz HM. Association of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program With Mortality During and After Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Pneumonia. JAMA Network Open 2018, 1: e182777. PMID: 30646181, PMCID: PMC6324473, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2777.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHospital Readmissions Reduction ProgramAcute myocardial infarctionPostdischarge mortalityHeart failureHRRP announcementReadmissions Reduction ProgramMedicare beneficiariesRisk-adjusted ratesMyocardial infarctionService Medicare beneficiariesReduction programsInterrupted time series frameworkHospital mortalityReduced readmissionsCohort studyPneumonia hospitalizationsReadmission ratesMAIN OUTCOMEPneumoniaMedicare dataHospitalizationHospitalMortalityReadmissionConcomitant harm
2017
Updated Cost-effectiveness Assessments of PCSK9 Inhibitors From the Perspectives of the Health System and Private Payers: Insights Derived From the FOURIER Trial
Arrieta A, Hong JC, Khera R, Virani SS, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Updated Cost-effectiveness Assessments of PCSK9 Inhibitors From the Perspectives of the Health System and Private Payers: Insights Derived From the FOURIER Trial. JAMA Cardiology 2017, 2: 1369-1374. PMID: 29049467, PMCID: PMC5814995, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.3655.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAnticholesteremic AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLCost-Benefit AnalysisDecision Support TechniquesDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypercholesterolemiaInsuranceInsurance, HealthInsurance, Health, ReimbursementMaleMarkov ChainsMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPCSK9 InhibitorsQuality-Adjusted Life YearsStrokeUnited StatesConceptsQuality-adjusted life yearsIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioCost-effectiveness ratioProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitorsCurrent pricesLife yearsPrivate payersAdditional quality-adjusted life yearPreliminary cost-effectiveness analysisCost-effectiveness standardsProbabilistic sensitivity analysesCost-effectiveness analysisPrivate payer perspectiveCost-effectiveness assessmentNegative returnsHealth system perspectiveSignificant discountUS dollarsDrug pricesPatent protectionPricesStatin treatment strategiesHealth insuranceTime horizonSubtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitorsBurden of Catastrophic Health Expenditures for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke Among Uninsured in the United States
Khera R, Hong JC, Saxena A, Arrieta A, Virani SS, Blankstein R, de Lemos JA, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Burden of Catastrophic Health Expenditures for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke Among Uninsured in the United States. Circulation 2017, 137: 408-410. PMID: 29133601, PMCID: PMC5780190, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030128.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultFemaleHealth Care CostsHealth ExpendituresHealth Services AccessibilityHospital ChargesHospital CostsHumansIncomeMaleMedically UninsuredMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPatient Protection and Affordable Care ActProcess Assessment, Health CareStrokeTime FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultComparison of Readmission Rates After Acute Myocardial Infarction in 3 Patient Age Groups (18 to 44, 45 to 64, and ≥65 Years) in the United States
Khera R, Jain S, Pandey A, Agusala V, Kumbhani DJ, Das SR, Berry JD, de Lemos JA, Girotra S. Comparison of Readmission Rates After Acute Myocardial Infarction in 3 Patient Age Groups (18 to 44, 45 to 64, and ≥65 Years) in the United States. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2017, 120: 1761-1767. PMID: 28865892, PMCID: PMC5825232, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.081.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYounger age groupsLow-income patientsReadmission ratesAge groupsHigh hospitalization burdenIndex AMI hospitalizationNationwide Readmissions DatabaseRisk of readmissionPatient age groupsAcute myocardial infarctionVulnerable patient groupSignificant resource utilizationMultivariable hierarchical modelsYears of ageHealth care resourcesHealth care systemReadmission periodHospitalization burdenPayer databaseAMI survivorsPost-AMIPatient groupInpatient hospitalizationMyocardial infarctionReadmission