2022
Index Admission Cholecystectomy and Recurrence of Pediatric Gallstone Pancreatitis: Multicenter Cohort Analysis.
Muñoz Abraham AS, Osei H, Bajinting A, Cowles RA, Greenspon J, Hosfield BD, Keller MS, Landman MP, Owens H, Shaughnessy MP, St Peter SD, Sujka J, Vogel AM, Villalona GA. Index Admission Cholecystectomy and Recurrence of Pediatric Gallstone Pancreatitis: Multicenter Cohort Analysis. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2022, 234: 352-358. PMID: 35213498, DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000062.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGallstone pancreatitisEarly cholecystectomyIndex admissionRecurrent pancreatitisRecurrence rateMean body mass indexIndex admission cholecystectomyMean age 13.5Multicenter cohort analysisTiming of cholecystectomyBody mass indexBiliary complicationsInterval cholecystectomyIndex dischargeCholecystectomy ratesGroup patientsMost patientsLaboratory characteristicsMild pancreatitisPediatric patientsRetrospective reviewMass indexCholecystectomyCohort analysisPancreatitis
2021
Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Evaluate the Acute Abdomen
Malik R, Leviter J, Gross I, Saluja S, Cowles RA, Riera A. Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Evaluate the Acute Abdomen. Pediatric Emergency Care 2021, 38: e1022-e1024. PMID: 34116554, DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002460.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesReducing Underdiagnosis of Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis: A Novel Scoring System
Lewit RA, Veras LV, Cowles RA, Fowler K, King S, Lapidus-Krol E, Langer JC, Park CJ, Youssef F, Vavilov S, Gosain A. Reducing Underdiagnosis of Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis: A Novel Scoring System. Journal Of Surgical Research 2021, 261: 253-260. PMID: 33460971, PMCID: PMC8166452, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHirschsprung-associated enterocolitisNew scoring systemSensitivity/specificityScoring systemHirschsprung's diseaseMultivariate analysisPercent of patientsReceipt of treatmentStepwise multivariate analysisProspective data collectionNovel scoring systemHAEC episodesRectal irrigationBowel restSignificant underdiagnosisRadiographic findingsPatient cohortColonic diseaseMore episodesUnivariate analysisHigh riskDiagnostic cutoffHead comparisonClinical settingLogistic regression
2020
Mucosal characteristics vary across developmental stages in the small intestine of C57BL/6J mice
Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Cowles RA. Mucosal characteristics vary across developmental stages in the small intestine of C57BL/6J mice. Life Sciences 2020, 260: 118428. PMID: 32931798, DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118428.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThe M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in the crypt stem cell compartment mediates intestinal mucosal growth
Greig CJ, Armenia SJ, Cowles RA. The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in the crypt stem cell compartment mediates intestinal mucosal growth. Experimental Biology And Medicine 2020, 245: 1194-1199. PMID: 32611198, PMCID: PMC7437377, DOI: 10.1177/1535370220938375.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMuscarinic acetylcholine receptorsM1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptorAcetylcholine receptorsStem cell compartmentPotential future therapeutic targetsCell compartmentIntestinal mucosal homeostasisIntestinal mucosal growthFuture therapeutic targetsMucosal homeostasisMucosal growthTherapeutic targetSpecific subtypesProliferative parametersReceptorsFuture studiesDemonstrate increasesCritical roleNovel informationCompartmentsSubtypes
2019
Potentiated serotonin signaling in serotonin re‐uptake transporter knockout mice increases enterocyte mass and small intestinal absorptive function
Greig CJ, Zhang L, Cowles RA. Potentiated serotonin signaling in serotonin re‐uptake transporter knockout mice increases enterocyte mass and small intestinal absorptive function. Physiological Reports 2019, 7: e14278. PMID: 31724827, PMCID: PMC6854605, DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14278.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntestinal absorptive functionEnterocyte massCrypt proliferation indexSmall intestineAbsorptive functionDistal bowelSmall bowelCrypt depthSERT knockoutVillus heightProliferative parametersSmall intestinal absorptive functionPlasma citrulline levelsCrypt cell proliferationPeptide absorptionSignificant increaseMucosal surface areaAttractive therapeutic targetFunctional intestinal mucosaWT miceCitrulline levelsPlasma citrullineSerotonin systemIntestinal mucosaLuminal instillationOrally Dosed Citalopram Stimulates Small Intestinal Mucosal Growth
Zhang L, Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Orally Dosed Citalopram Stimulates Small Intestinal Mucosal Growth. Journal Of Surgical Research 2019, 236: 326-331. PMID: 30694773, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMucosal surface areaSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsSerotonin reuptake inhibitorsIntestinal mucosal growthVillus heightVillus widthD citalopramReuptake inhibitorsMucosal growthCrypt depthCrypt widthSmall intestinal mucosal growthShort bowel syndromeT-testSerious intestinal disordersStudent's t-testOral agentsBowel syndromeOral therapyEnteral administrationC57BL/6 miceIleal segmentIntestinal disordersDay 21Day 7
2018
The 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist Prucalopride Stimulates Mucosal Growth and Enhances Carbohydrate Absorption in the Ileum of the Mouse
Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Zhang L, Cowles RA. The 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist Prucalopride Stimulates Mucosal Growth and Enhances Carbohydrate Absorption in the Ileum of the Mouse. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018, 23: 1198-1205. PMID: 30109470, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3907-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDistal small bowelD-xylose absorptionCrypt cell proliferationSmall intestineMurine small intestineSmall bowelMucosal growthSpecific agonistCrypt depthGlucose absorptionIntestinal mucosal surface areaAdult wild-type miceMucosal growth factorsPotentiation of serotoninReceptor agonist prucaloprideDistal small intestineCell proliferationIntestinal mucosal growthWild-type miceReceptor-specific agonistsMiddle small intestineMucosal surface areaEnteric serotoninOral gavageCarbohydrate absorptionSurgical modifications of the Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy minimize invasiveness without compromising short- and medium-term outcomes
Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Keung CH, Compton JT, Cowles RA. Surgical modifications of the Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy minimize invasiveness without compromising short- and medium-term outcomes. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2018, 54: 537-542. PMID: 30041859, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.06.028.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsKasai hepatoportoenterostomyBiliary atresiaLiver transplantLiver transplant proceduresNative liver survivalEffective surgical therapyMedium-term outcomesYears of ageLiver survivalLiver dysfunctionOverall survivalSurgical therapyLiver failureBile stasisMedian timeProgressive fibrosisBile drainageTransplant proceduresMean ageBiliary treeSingle institutionPatient outcomesPortal plateSurgical modificationsAbdominal cavityMucosal homeostasis is altered in the ileum of gnotobiotic mice
Greig CJ, Alper A, Goodman AL, Cowles RA. Mucosal homeostasis is altered in the ileum of gnotobiotic mice. Journal Of Surgical Research 2018, 231: 331-337. PMID: 30278949, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.055.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGnotobiotic miceMucosal homeostasisGastrointestinal tractCrypt depthVillus heightDistal ileal segmentConventional floraFuture therapeutic strategiesGnotobiotic mouse modelMarkers of proliferationIleal segmentMucosal restorationAkkermansia muciniphilaMouse modelTherapeutic strategiesAdult miceCF miceDisease pathogenesisHistologic sectionsMiceEscherichia coli MG1655IleumNormal physiologyGnotobiotic groupFurther studies
2017
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors participate in small intestinal mucosal homeostasis
Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors participate in small intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2017, 52: 1031-1034. PMID: 28359586, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.03.037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCrypt proliferation indexIntestinal mucosal homeostasisMuscarinic acetylcholine receptorsMucosal homeostasisIleal mucosaAcetylcholine receptorsDistal ileal segmentCholinergic nervous systemWild-type miceCrypt cell proliferationCrypt base stem cellsFunctional mucosaMAChR subtypesMuscarinic signalingIleal segmentCrypt depthProliferation indexNervous systemVillus heightMucosal morphometryMucosaHistologic sectionsMiceMouse linesEpithelial cell typesImproved capacity to evaluate changes in intestinal mucosal surface area using mathematical modeling
Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Improved capacity to evaluate changes in intestinal mucosal surface area using mathematical modeling. Microscopy Research And Technique 2017, 80: 793-798. PMID: 28295852, DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22866.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMucosal surface areaIntestinal mucosal surface areaVillus heightCrypt widthMucosal growthSelective serotonin reuptakeIntestinal mucosal growthEffects of interventionsFunctional intestinal mucosaEnhanced serotoninBowel diameterSerotonin reuptakeIntestinal mucosaMouse modelIleal sectionsTransporter moleculesMorphometric measuresComprehensive assessmentSSRIsMorphometric parametersMucosaSerotoninStandard measuresTherapyReuptake
2016
Distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the murine small intestine
Muise ED, Gandotra N, Tackett JJ, Bamdad MC, Cowles RA. Distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the murine small intestine. Life Sciences 2016, 169: 6-10. PMID: 27866962, DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSmall intestineReceptor subtypesMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypesShort bowel syndromeEffects of acetylcholineStem cell compartmentMuscarinic receptor subtypesAcetylcholine receptor subtypesSmall intestinal mucosaPotential therapeutic targetMurine small intestineCell compartmentSpecific mAChRBowel syndromeCholinergic pathwaysMyenteric plexusAnatomic distributionMuscarinic receptorsEntire alimentary tractIntestinal diseaseIntestinal mucosaEnterocyte turnoverIntestinal growthTherapeutic targetCrypt basesEnhanced serotonin signaling stimulates ordered intestinal mucosal growth
Tackett JJ, Gandotra N, Bamdad MC, Muise ED, Cowles RA. Enhanced serotonin signaling stimulates ordered intestinal mucosal growth. Journal Of Surgical Research 2016, 208: 198-203. PMID: 27993209, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEnhanced serotonin signaling increases intestinal neuroplasticity
Greig CJ, Gandotra N, Tackett JJ, Bamdad MC, Cowles RA. Enhanced serotonin signaling increases intestinal neuroplasticity. Journal Of Surgical Research 2016, 206: 151-158. PMID: 27916355, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.07.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsIntestinal mucosal growthSERT knockoutMucosal growthEnterocyte proliferationEnteric nervous systemSerotonin reuptake inhibitorsMassive bowel resectionSerotonin reuptake transporterAge-matched WTGAP-43 expressionWild-type miceSynthesis inhibitionMarkers of neuroplasticityImportant regulatorReversal of effectsEpithelial cell compartmentWestern blot analysisBowel resectionReuptake inhibitorsWT miceReuptake transporterMucosal homeostasisIntestinal segmentsCrypt depth
2012
Neuronal Serotonin Regulates Growth of the Intestinal Mucosa in Mice
Gross ER, Gershon MD, Margolis KG, Gertsberg ZV, Li Z, Cowles RA. Neuronal Serotonin Regulates Growth of the Intestinal Mucosa in Mice. Gastroenterology 2012, 143: 408-417.e2. PMID: 22609381, PMCID: PMC3687781, DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCholine O-AcetyltransferaseCholinergic NeuronsEnterochromaffin CellsIntestinal MucosaKetanserinMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMuscarinic AntagonistsReceptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2AScopolamineSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSerotonergic NeuronsSerotoninSerotonin AntagonistsSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsTryptophan HydroxylaseConceptsSelective serotonin re-uptake inhibitorsSerotonin re-uptake inhibitorsRe-uptake inhibitorsWild-type miceIntestinal mucosaSerotonin re-uptake transporterCholinergic submucosal neuronsIntestinal mucosal epitheliumRe-uptake transporterTryptophan hydroxylase 1Tryptophan hydroxylase 2Submucosal neuronsCholinergic neuronsCholine acetyltransferaseNeuronal serotoninMucosal growthMucosal epitheliumMucosal cellsSERT knockoutEpithelial proliferationAbstractTextMiceHydroxylase 2MucosaNeural precursors
2001
Images in vascular medicine
Cowles R, Cardneau J, Taheri P. Images in vascular medicine. Vascular Medicine 2001, 6: 189-190. PMID: 11789974, DOI: 10.1177/1358836x0100600310.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesDoctor-patient communication in surgery: attitudes and expectations of general surgery patients about the involvement and education of surgical residents1 1No competing interests declared.
Cowles R, Moyer C, Sonnad S, Simeone D, Knol J, Eckhauser F, Mulholland M, Colletti L. Doctor-patient communication in surgery: attitudes and expectations of general surgery patients about the involvement and education of surgical residents1 1No competing interests declared. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2001, 193: 73-80. PMID: 11442257, DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(01)00936-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSurgical resident educationPatients' perceptionsGastrointestinal surgery serviceGeneral surgery patientsMajority of patientsAttitudes of patientsInpatient hospital stayResident educationAcademic medical centerDoctor-patient communicationHospital staySurgery patientsSurgery serviceTeaching hospitalMedical CenterSurgical servicesPatients' answersSurgical settingPatientsInstitution residentsCareSurgical residentsPatient orientationExtra attentionImpact of residentsStimulation of rat pancreatic exocrine secretion by cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide
Cowles R, Segura B, Mulholland M. Stimulation of rat pancreatic exocrine secretion by cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Peptides 2001, 99: 61-68. PMID: 11257316, DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00226-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPancreatic exocrine secretionRat pancreatic exocrine secretionAmphetamine-regulated transcript peptideEffects of CARTPeptide-induced increaseCART peptideExocrine secretionAmylase secretionTranscript peptidePancreatic secretionPancreatic aciniPancreatic secretory functionCombination of atropinePeripheral nervous systemRat pancreatic aciniAnesthetized ratsPeripheral tissuesNervous systemSecretory functionStimulatory effectSecretionAcinar unitsFour-fold increaseAtropineAcetylcholine
2000
Efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for anterior lumbar spinal fusion
Cowles R, Taheri P, Sweeney J, Graziano G. Efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for anterior lumbar spinal fusion. Surgery 2000, 128: 589-596. PMID: 11015092, DOI: 10.1067/msy.2000.108055.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior lumbar spinal fusionLumbar spinal fusionLess blood lossLaparoscopic proceduresSpinal fusionBlood lossOpen procedureShorter operating room timeShorter postoperative ileusCharts of patientsImmediate postoperative outcomesImmediate postoperative resultsOperating room timePostoperative ileusPostoperative coursePostoperative outcomesLaparoscopic approachOperative timePostoperative resultsPatientsRoom timeLearning curveIleusLaparoscopic